is What Biomechanics?
Biomechanics:
Hall. Basic biomechanics, p. 3 "... application of mechanical principles to the study of living organisms." and "... use of the tools of mechanics . . . to study the anatomical and functional aspects of living organisms."
Biomechanics of human movement:
Kreighbaum & Barthels. Biomechanics: A qualitative study of human movement , p 1 "that area of study wherein the knowledge and methods of mechanics are applied to the structure and function of the living human system."
This course focuses on the biomechanics of human movement Good website on biomechanics: Biomechanics world wide Home
The Discipline of Kinesiology
Various types/contexts of human movement
Occupational biomechanics Sport biomechanics Rehab biomech Orthopedic biom Exercise biom? Sport medicine? (Aging)
Branches of Sports Medicine
D = discipline P = profession
D D D D D P ?
P ? ? P
Selected practical problems that biomechanics can help resolve
Exercise biomechanics:
What is the most effective exercise for the abdominal muscles? Do you really need an abdominal exercise device? Which type is best? What types of exercises are effective in promoting bone density?
Sport biomechanics:
What specific factors should a coach or athlete focus on in order to produce an increase in performance? Which mode of exercise is best for producing increased power performance? Which sport implement or exercise device is best suited for you? How does the height of the mound affect pitching technique and/or potential for injury?
Issues & problems, cont'd
Developmental/aging biomechanics
Does exercise play a role in promoting bone density or preventing osteoporosis? How? Does activity level/type during formative years affect bone density later in life? How can we prevent falls in aging people? What special bone growth/injury problems do we have in youth? (mound height study)
Occupational biomechanics (ergonomics):
What movements and stresses contribute to carpal tunnel syndrome? Low back pain? Shoulder joint impingement? What is the most efficient, or effective way to do a particular work task?
Problems & issues, cont'd
In what category does each belong?
How can we prevent decreasing bone density in prolonged micro gravity environments? is What the effect of aging on skeletal muscle? Which type of tennis backhand is best - one-handed or two handed? What is the effect of testosterone supplementation on osteporosis? What is the effect of exercise on bone mineral content in pregnant women? What are the ground reaction forces during various types of aerobic dancing ? Which types are contraindicated for older women? Biomechanical assessment of knee arthroplasty Osteoporosis in paraplegics The scientific basis for closed-kinetic chain exercise after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Biomechanics of Human Movement
Basic approaches to studying human movement
Kinetic vs Kinematic Static vs Dynamic Qualitative vs Quantitative Maximize, minimize, or optimize
Factors-Results - a qualitative, heirarchial, deterministic model (Adrian, p 17)
Identify result List factors that produce the result
Holistic Principle Model
Describe the movement Describe overall performance goal in specific biomechanical terms Divide movement into phases Describe purpose/goal of each phase Identify anatomical, mechanical, and environmental considerations Determine biomechanical principles for successful performance of each phase and total movement
Hay's heirarchial factorsresults analysis model. Each lower factor influences the linked factor above
The Holistic Model: The baseball swing
Holistic Model the ba...