Language Second Teaching and Learning
Ling 316 Lecture 3:Teaching Reading
Class Announcements
Assignment 1 Your assignment requires you to analyse one unit from a language teaching text book. Library sources for text books are: a) Main library: curriculum collection (Languages other than English) b) Resource Centre W6B 382 (English) c) Independent Learning Centre (ILC) (English) NCELTR 4th Floor, E3B, Room 416
Assignment 1
The goals of this assignment are to:
Choose a chapter or unit from a second or foreign language teaching text or set of materials and analyse
provide participants with an opportunity to explore actual teaching and/or learning materials in depth read relevant literature beyond the required course readings relate theory to practice.
the type of learners the materials are aimed at (level, age, learning purpose etc) the learning aims and objectives of the unit Write a critique of the unit with reference to the literature on language teaching and learning.
What is reading?
In pairs, write a short definition
What is reading?
The electronphonon coupling strength for two different surface states on Bi(110) close to the Fermi level is determined by measuring the energy and temperaturedependent imaginary part of the selfenergy and fitting it to different models of the phonon spectrum. For the hole pockets near the and points, the electron phonon mass enhancement parameter is found to be 0.19(3) and 0.27(2), respectively.
Kirkegaard, C., Kim, T. & Hoffman, P. 2005 New J. Phys. 7 99
What is reading?
Whilom ther was dwellynge at Oxenford A riche gnof, that gestes heeld to bord, And of his craft he was a carpenter. With hym ther was dwellynge a poure scoler, Hadde lerned art, but al his fantasye Was turned for to lerne astrologye, And koude a certeyn of conclusiouns, To demen by interrogaciouns, If that men asked hym in certain houres Whan that men sholde have droghte or elles shoures, Or if men asked hym what sholde bifalle Of every thyng; I may nat rekene hem alle.
Chaucer, G. The Miller's Tale
What is reading?
U r gr8 c u 2nit
What is reading?
For the purposes of the definition of the term ordinary pay in subsection (1): (a) the term ordinary time rate of pay in the case of a worker who is remunerated in relation to an ordinary time rate of pay fixed by the terms of the worker's employment means the time rate of pay so fixed for the worker's work under the terms of the worker's employment, including shift allowances relating to ordinary time and weekend penalties relating to ordinary time the worker would have worked on days other than public holidays if the worker had not been on annual holidays, but does not include any other amount payable to the worker in respect of shift work, overtime or penalty rates, and where two or more time rates of pay are so fixed means the higher or highest of those rates,
Annual Holidays Act 1944 No 31
What is reading?
There is no single literacy
There are many literacies, each in a different social context, serving a different social purpose eg home, work, school etc People develop different literacies throughout their lives
Purposes for reading
Simple definitions of reading are inadequate:
they do not convey the idea that there are a number of different ways of reading a text
How do you read:
a newspaper a timetable an advertisement an email from a friend an academic article on reading
Purposes for reading
Reading to locate information
Scanning to locate specific information: eg a
class timetable, a telephone directory Skimming to get a general understanding eg academic articles
Purposes for reading
Reading to learn from texts This requires the ability to:
distinguish between main ideas and
supporting detail recognise and use appropriate text structure (rhetorical organisation) link new information to already existing knowledge recognise logical connections and make inferences
Purposes for reading
Reading to integrate information, write and critique texts Readers need to be able to
assess the importance of complementary or
conflicting information critically evaluate information integrate (potentially conflicting) information into a logical argument organise information into appropriate rhetorical frames
Purposes for reading
Reading for general comprehension This requires:
ability to identify general meaning
rapid and automatic processing of words
representation of main ideas efficient coordination of many processes in limited time
Reading skills and strategies
Skills refer to informationprocessing techniques that are automatic, whether at the level of recognising graphemephoneme correspondence or summarising a story. ... An emerging skill can become a strategy when it is used intentionally. Likewise, a strategy can become a skill when in it automised
(Paris, Wasik & Turner in Hyland, [2002] p16)
Sample reading strategies
specifying a purpose for reading matching reading purpose and reading skill skimming for gist scanning for specific information distinguishing between main idea and supporting information predicting checking predictions guessing meaning from context using headings, pictures, tables etc to assist comprehension making inference summarising using discourse markers to see relationships
What does reading involve?
Reader roles: code breaker: able to encode and decode meaning
text participant: able to use background knowledge, cultural experience, etc in the task of interpreting text a text user: able to use literacy to participate successfully in society text analyst: able to analyse the ways in which texts are crafted to serve particular purposes
The reading process: Top-down and bottom-up processing
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING
Content schema: expectations based on prior knowledge Formal schema: Knowledge of text structures, registers etc Purpose for reading
Interpretation of written discourse
Language knowledge (phonology, vocabulary, grammar)
Reading Strategies
BOTTOM-UP PROCESSING
The reading process
Language knowledge
rapid and automatic lexical access: calling up of the meaning of a word as it is recognised
rapid syntactic parsing: ability to recognise word order information, word groupings, relationships between clauses rapid semantic proposition formation: combining word meanings and structural information into basic clause level meaning units
depends on amount of exposure to print
The reading process
Content schema
Expectations based on prior
knowledge/experience
Using content schema
The Sunday Mirror
1 July 2007
TUESD AY Pa r is H ilt on t e lls w or ld h e r 't im e ou t ' in p r ison h a s S O O ch a n ge d h e r YESTERD AY Er , sh e 's ba ck t o w h a t sh e doe s be st .. posin g
By ADAM LEE POTTER
S O O hum ble. S o o changed. So dem ure and ser ious aft er her "t raum at ic" spell in j ail. Like, er... not . Meet t he " new " Pa r is H ilt on. OK, so she arrived wit h a 4,500 Herm es bag and laden w it h ot her designer goodies on t he luxury island of Maui in Haw aii but , hey, she had a book on self enlight enm ent t oo. And she HAS changed. She's com plet ely dit ched t he shapeless w hit e kaft an and st raw hat she w ore as she arrived on t he island for an expensive designer bikini w it h all t he usual t rim m ings. Yes, Paris w as back in full posing m ode yest erday j ust five days aft er t elling t he world on TV how her st int in t he slam m er had t ransform ed her. The ex j ailbird, who spent 23 days in an LA prison for breaching a suspended drink driving sent ence, opened her heart t o legendary US TV int erviewer Larry King. Paris, 26, t old him : " I t gave m e, you know, a t im e out in life j ust t o really find out w hat is im port ant and w hat I w ant t o do, figure out w ho I am ." And so here w e see what 's really im port ant t o Paris er, it sy bit sy bikini t o regain t hat perm at an, designer shades and, ooh, plent y of slap. Of course, while sunbat hing and reading The Power Of Now she m ight have been t hinking about t he shelt er for w om en leaving prison she vow ed t o set up. Maybe t hat 's w hy she's rent ed a t wo bedroom beach house in Malibu for t he sum m er. I t m ay get claust rophobic w hen t he cell block girls t urn up but , hey, Paris will be cool. She t old King: " Prison has definit ely changed m e. I t w as t raum at ic, but I have grow n. This has really changed m y life forever."
The reading process
Formal schema: knowledge of text structure and register
Using content schema
Toll rises after massive quake hits Peru
August 17, 2007 LIMA: A powerful earthquake, the strongest to rock Peru in decades, has killed at least 300 people and injured about 1000 others, wit...