(Neso) Objectives
Orthosilicates Disilicates (Soro-) Ring silicates (Cyclo-) Chain silicate (Ino-) Sheet silicates (Phyllo- ) Framework silicates (Tecto-)
Minerals in the Earth's Crust
Klein 22 Fig. 11.1
Silicate Structures
Bowen reaction series
Understanding Earth, Press et al.
Green beach
http://leader.louisville.edu/hre/faculty/bksanf01/green_sand/green_sand.htm
Mantle xenolith
Zircon dating
http://www.new-wave.com/1nwrProducts/LAzirconAPP.htm
Epidote and magma transport rate
Epidote is stable only at high pressure in granitic magmas but is found in magmas crystallized at shallow crustal levels. This observation suggests qualitatively that magma transport is sufficiently rapid to prevent complete epidote resorption. Experimental measurements of epidote dissolution showed that the presence of epidote implies that magma transport from the deep crust in these systems was rapid and that the transport was by dikes rather than diapirs.
Alan D. Brandon, Robert A. Creaser, Thomas Chacko, Science, 1996
Beryl
A mineral family, contains aquamarines, emeralds, heliodor, and morganite. These gems differ only in color caused by chemical impurities.
From the gem and mineral collections of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
http://www.min.uni-bremen.de/sgmcolgems/beryl.shtml
Tourmaline
Wikipedia
The proper mineral name for most gem tourmaline is elbaite, after the Island of Elba where it was found long ago. Large crystals of gem tourmaline occur in a great range of colors.
From the gem and mineral collection of the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
http://www.min.uni-bremen.de/sgmcol/gems/elbat.shtml
Enstatite chondrites
Also called E chondrites. Represent only 1.0% of all falls. They have the highest free metal and sulfide content (23-35% by weight) and the lowest oxidation state of all chondrites and their silicate phase is almost purely Abee Enstatite Chondrite enstatite (MgSiO3, iron free pyroxene). This photo shows the very unusual mixture of large It is theorized that the E chondrites formed in an oxygendepleted environment, possibly near Mercury's orbit.
and small clasts in the breccia, the largest being 22 x cm 14 (~8.7 x 5.5 inches). These odd, metal rimmed clasts may reflect a stage of transition in the material that was interrupted before completion or had insufficient energy to complete the transition. http://www.meteorlab.com/METEORLAB2001dev/abee.htm
http://www.meteorites.tv/home.html?lang=en-us&target=d109.html
Under plain light
Pyroxene & pyroxenoid
Compositions
Structures
Amphibole composition
A0-1X2Y5Z8O22(OH,F)2
Ortho-amphibole: orthorhombic
Clino-amphibole: monoclinic
Compare single-chain and double-chain silicates
Pyroxenoid: wollastonite
Pyroxene: diopside
Pyroxene: hedenbergite
Pyroxene: enstatite
Pyroxene: ferrosilite
Asbestos
Tremolite
http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go336/zeller/
Sheet silicates: chrysotile a fibrous variety of serpentine, most important Double-chain silicates: cricidolite a dark blue variety of riebeckite, 4%; anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite less important
flexible fiber, resist heat and fire (unquenchable) health hazards
KAOLIN: Occurrences, Genesis, and Utilization
Haydn H. Murray
Department of Geological Sciences Indiana University, Bloomington
KAOLIN GROUP MINERALS
Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Halloysite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 . 2H2O Dickite Al2Si2O5(OH)4 Nacrite Al2Si2O5(OH)4
Three regions dominate the production of paper coati...