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21 Pages
3 - Dissonance and self-perception
Course: PSY 643, Fall 2008School: Purdue
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Word Count: 491
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: 1960s Cognitive Consistency Theories 1950s: Hovland Group focused on learning and incentives Rewards make behaviors more likely in future (reinforcement) Festinger & Carlsmith (1959) Boring task (spools on a tray; turning pegs) Ask if would tell next person task is interesting $1 or $20 to do so Later, participants directed to an office where interviewer conducted a survey...
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: 1960s Cognitive Consistency Theories
1950s: Hovland Group focused on learning and incentives Rewards make behaviors more likely in future (reinforcement)
Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Boring task (spools on a tray; turning pegs) Ask if would tell next person task is interesting
$1 or $20 to do so
Later, participants directed to an office where...
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Purdue - PSY - 643
Cognitive ResponsesLate 60's Ohio State University (measuring and using cognitive responses" as predictor of attitude change)Greenwald (1968) cognitive response as means to retain a memory view remember cognitive responses, not reme
Purdue - PSY - 201
PSY 201: Introduction to Quantitative Topics in Psychology MWF 9:30-10:20am PRCE 277 Course web site:http:/www.psych.purdue.edu/~wegener/psy201/home.html Instructor: Duane Wegener Social Psychologist (Attitudes and Attitude Change) Office 214
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 2: Preliminary Concepts Want to make inferences about Populations (complete set of observations not necessarily people) But, we usually cannot assess whole population, so we examine a Sample (subset of the population) Statistic (singular)
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 3: Frequency Distributions, Percentiles, and Percentile Ranks Many possibilities When we post grades Your score Everyone else's scores One of simplest is Frequency Distribution Lists possible values in set (highest to lowest observed i
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 4: Graphic Representation of Frequency Distributions Graph in 2 dimensions, axesFrequency 8 7 6 5 4 3Histogram of Example Test Scores - Grouped Frequency Distribution Horizontal axis (Abscissa, X axis) Vertical axis (Ordinate, Y axis)
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 5: Central Tendency Most frequent shortcut for characterizing a distribution Measure of Central Tendency Single summary figure describing the location of the whole distribution of scores Mode (Mo): Score that appears with the greatest fr
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 6: Variability and Standard (z) Scores Measure of Variability Single summary figure describing the spread of observations in the distribution Measures of variability are quantitative indices of the extent to which scores in the distributi
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 7: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve Set of independent events Flipping a coin 8 times Rolling 6 dice Do for infinite number of times Get Normal Curve of values Is actually a family of Normal Curves Each with its own mean and stand
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 8: Correlation We often have information on one variable but want to use it to predict values of another variable College entrance exams and later grades Income level and health Age and traffic safety Can do so better to extent that two
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 9: Prediction (aka Regression) Correlation coefficients about the strength of a relation, don't orient us to particular scale values when we want to predict values of the second variable 2 options Ignoring relation of variables Take me
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 10: Interpretive Aspects of Correlation and Regression Number of factors influence size of r Range of Talent (variability) in X and Y values (restriction of range) Discontinuity of distributions Heterogeneity of samples (pooling observati
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 11: Probability Add probabilities when Skip Chapter 11; we're largely replacing it with Chapter 10 But note: Addition and Multiplication of Probabilities Predicting likelihood of one of a number of events E.g., if roulette has 34 spac
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 13: Introduction to Statistical Inference Statistical Inference (drawing conclusion about population parameter from sample statistic) Variety of research questions can ask about a single mean Is mean of group different from a certain value
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 14: Interpreting the Results Significance vs. Importance Effect Size Errors in Hypothesis Testing Power of tests "Significant" only means "unlikely due to chance if HO is true" Doesn't necessarily mean "important" or "useful" Assessme
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 15: Testing Hypotheses about Difference Between Two Independent Groups Two Independent Samples (X and Y) Null Hypothesis is now of No Difference between groups (i.e., H0: X - Y = 0) Alternative Hypothesis is of Difference (i.e., H0: X - Y
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 16: Testing for a Difference Between Two Dependent (Correlated) Groups Dependent Samples Designs compare two samples that are related E.g., same people in two conditions Repeated Measures Design Repeated Measures Benefit is that each su
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 18: Confidence Intervals Book is more supportive of confidence intervals (CIs) than I am Supporters of CIs often claim that the null hypothesis is never true and that we should be focused on estimating effect sizes With precision of that e
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 20: Testing for Differences among Three or More Groups Have learned to test hypotheses about two population means Sometimes want to compare 3 or more means Could use t tests to compare each pair of means But, increases likelihood of Type
Purdue - PSY - 201
Chapter 21: Factorial ANOVA: The Two-Factor Design for Independent Groups ANOVA often most useful when studying two or more IVs (factors) Factorial designs allow one to test effects of >1 variable in same study Simplest (and most common) 2-way de
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 1 (Due 1.19.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 1 and 2 in the text, as well as some questions applying basic math concepts which will be used later on in the course (which i
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 2 (Due 1.31.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 3 and 4 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use an
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 3 (Due 2.16.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 6 and 7 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use an
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 4 (Due 2.28.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 8 and 9 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use an
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 5 (Due 3.23.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 10 and 12 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 6 (Due 4.1.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 13 and 14 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use a
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 7 (Due 4.15.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 16 and 18 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use
Purdue - PSY - 201
Psy 201 Homework 8 (Due 4.29.05) Instructions: For this homework, you will be answering questions to problems from chapters 20 and 21 in the text. You don't need to rewrite each question; just put the question number next to your answer. You may use
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Duke - STA - 104
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Duke - STA - 104
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Duke - STA - 104
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Duke - STA - 104
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