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04b-Muhammad08
Course: TRAD 101, Spring 2008School: Arizona
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Word Count: 307
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the Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets "peace be upon him" [PBUH] Islam = submission Muslim = one who submits (to Allah) Ummah = entire Muslim community everywhere Quran = sacred text, seal of the texts Arabic = language of the last and perfect revelation Immitable = cannot be imitated Symbol of Islam (after Md's time) Crescent and Star 570 CE Muhammad born in Arabia Always a kind, contemplative...
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the Muhammad: Seal of the Prophets "peace be upon him" [PBUH] Islam = submission Muslim = one who submits (to Allah) Ummah = entire Muslim community everywhere Quran = sacred text, seal of the texts Arabic = language of the last and perfect revelation Immitable = cannot be imitated Symbol of Islam (after Md's time) Crescent and Star 570 CE Muhammad born in Arabia Always a kind, contemplative person Hanif = early monotheist Illiterate orphan Caravan manager Marries caravan company owner: Khadija Four daughters, (2 sons die) Known for honesty in trade, humility, forebearance (hilm) 610 CE receives prophethood, revelations begin Iqra! = recite! Early revelations about danger of disbelief, & reward for submitting to god's path Illiterate, Just a normal man, but best example of a Muslim Leads only a small group at first Mir'raj = night journey to Jerusalem 613 CE Begins to preach publicly 619 CE Khadija dies, Muhammad marries other wives 619 CE Abu Talib dies, Muhammad loses protector Hijra to Yathrib/Medina of Mediator Christian Jewish tribal dispute First Islamic community with public prayer First mosque built Median revelations filled with social order content Islamic patterns of faith and practice formed: Five pillars and Five bases of belief established Everyday guidance on minutia of life (Hadith) Battles with Mecca 630 CE Muslims can return to Mecca Muhammad dies in Medina in 632 C.E. Had just done his first and last hajj No male heir or designated replacement No designated government model Community immediately at risk
no leader pacts with outer tribes tenuous no clergy to centrally preserve the faith Shura = council of leaders, by consensus Caliph = successor (to the Prophet) Rightly Guided Caliphs (first four) Abu Bakr 632 634 ce Umar 634 644 Uthman 644 656 Ali 656 661 Holiest cities of Islam: Mecca with Kaaba Medina with first mosque / Muhammad's house Jerusalem with al-Aqsa mosque and Dome of the Rock (on the Haram al-Sharif, or holy sanctuary) Shi'i also have holy cities eventually: Qom Najaf Karbala
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