HS 370 Environmental Racism Fall 2005 Final Exam Review Questions 1. Define Environmental Injustice/Racism, Environmental Inequity and Environmental Justice. 2. Describe the history of the Environmental Justice movement in terms of the sequence of events. 3. Describe the groups that contributed to the growth of the Environmental Justice movement (Textbook chapter 1). 4. What are some environmental hazards? 5. What are some environmental health issues: water pollution, global air pollution problems, solid wastes, scarcity of world food supply and safety of food supply. 6. Define Epidemiology and Environmental Epidemiology. 7. What are the aims of Epidemiologic research? 8. What do the following terms refer to and what s the difference between them? a. Epidemic vs. Endemic b. Risk vs. Prevalence vs. Incidence c. Survival Rate vs. Fatality Rate 9. What are the different types of Epidemiology study designs? 10. What are the four components of the Risk Assessment process? 11. What is a Dose-Response relationship? 12. Why is it difficult to apply toxicological data to the environment? 13. Define Toxicology and Environmental Toxicology. 14. Be able to differentiate between: a. Acute toxicity vs. Chronic toxicity b. Local toxicity vs. systemic toxicity 15. What is the toxic triangle? 16. What are factors that affect the outcome of an exposure to a toxic substance? 17. Have an understanding of the different toxicological effects. 18. What are the health effects of Lead? 19. What is the structure of cell membranes? 20. What are the 3 routes by which a toxic substance can enter the body? 21. How does skin protect the body? What are its roles? 22. The skin consists of 3 parts. What are they and what is the role of each in toxicant absorption? 23. What are the characteristics of a toxic substance that can diffuse rapidly through the skin? 24. What are the 3 regions of the <a href="/keyword/respiratory-tract/" >respiratory tract</a> ? In each of these regions: a. How are <a href="/keyword/toxic-substances/" >toxic substances</a> absorbed and distributed to the body b. How are chemical substances eliminated from the <a href="/keyword/respiratory-tract/" >respiratory tract</a> 25. If a toxic substance is ingested, where in the digestive system will it be absorbed the most and why? 26. What are the 2 systems used by the body to distribute substances? 27. Name the three blood cellular components, all suspended in blood plasma. 28. Describe the factors that affect the distribution of toxicants to tissues in distant regions of the body. 29. Define storage of toxicants and list the storage sites. 30. What is the Biotransformation of Toxicants. 31. Why does the body Biotransform (metabolize) <a href="/keyword/toxic-substances/" >toxic substances</a> ? How does it do it? 32. How are <a href="/k...