OF ELEMENTS ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN
ARCH 614
DR. ANNE NICHOLS SPRING 2009
twenty eight
shells & structural systems
Shells & Systems 1 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
lecture
Office Hours
not available at this time
Shells & Systems 2 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
S2009abn
Arch & Shell Systems
curved, thin surface or 2D structures see very little bending stresses design for
axial stresses shear stresses
efficient because of uniformly distributed loads
Shells & Systems 3 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
Arches
behavior
stabilization resist thrust
compression only
Shells & Systems 4 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
S2009abn
Shell Types
shape classifications
developable:
revolution (vault)
synclastic
doubly curved same direction
anticlastic:
doubly curved opposite curvature
free form
Shells & Systems 5 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
Vaults
wide arch
Shells & Systems 6 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Vaulted Shells
can resist tension shape adds depth
Shells & Systems 7 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Kimball Museum, Kahn 1972
Shells & Systems 8 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Kimball Museum, Kahn 1972
outer shell edges
Shells & Systems 9 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Kimball Museum, Kahn 1972
skylights at peak
Shells & Systems 10 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Domes
arch of revolution compression some tension
Shells & Systems 11 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Domes
stresses and displacements
Shells & Systems 12 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church
Wright, 1956
Shells & Systems 13 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church
Wright, 1956
Shells & Systems 14 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
S2009abn
Anticlastic Shells
saddle or ruled shapes surface generated with straight lines
tension follows cable drape compression follows arch
Shells & Systems 15 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
Zarzuela Hippodrome, Torroja 1935
Shells & Systems 16 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
S2009abn
Zarzuela Hippodrome, Torroja 1935
Shells & Systems 17 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Folded Plates
increased stiffness with folding
Shells & Systems 18 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Illini Hall, Harrison & Abramovitz 1963
Edge-supported dome spanning 400 feet wound with 614 miles of one-fifth inch steel wire
Shells & Systems 19 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
S2009abn
Systems
total of components behavior of whole classifications
one-way two-way tubes braced unbraced
Shells & Systems 20 Lecture 28 Elements Architectural of Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
One-Way Systems
horizontal vs. vertical
Shells & Systems 21 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Two-Way Systems
spanning system less obvious horizontal
plates slabs space frames
vertical
columns walls
Shells & Systems 22 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
System Selection
evaluation of alternatives
Shells & Systems 23 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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System Selection
Shells & Systems 24 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Structural Design Criteria
components stay together structure acts as whole to be stable
resist sliding resist overturning resist twisting and distortion
internal stability
interconnectedness
strength & stiffness
Shells & Systems 25 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
Structural Design Sequences
first-order design
structural type and organization design intent contextual or programmatic
second-order
structural strategies material choice structural systems
third-order
member shaping & sizing
Shells & Systems 26 Lecture 28 Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614 S2009abn
Design Issues
lateral stability all directions
Shells & Systems 27 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Design Issues
configuration
Shells & Systems 28 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Design Issues
vertical system type
walls
columns
Shells & Systems 29 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Design Issues
horizontal system type
Shells & Systems 30 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Design Issues
horizontal system type
Shells & Systems 31 Lecture 28
Elements of Architectural Structures ARCH 614
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Design Issues...