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mediaculture-5
Course: TC 310, Fall 2009School: Clarkson
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5 TELEVISION and Chapter the Power of Visual Culture EARLY TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS Late 1800s: cathode ray tube 1880's: Nipkow's scanning disk 1920's: Zworykin's iconoscope 1920's: Farnsworth's image dissector tube 1930: Farnsworth patents first electronic television Early TV broadcasting: 1940s 1941: ten stations on VHF band 108 stations by 1948 (major cities only) FCC concerned about frequency...
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5
TELEVISION
and Chapter the Power of Visual Culture
EARLY TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS
Late 1800s: cathode ray tube 1880's: Nipkow's scanning disk 1920's: Zworykin's iconoscope 1920's: Farnsworth's image dissector tube 1930: Farnsworth patents first electronic television
Early TV broadcasting: 1940s
1941: ten stations on VHF band 108 stations by 1948 (major cities only) FCC concerned about frequency allocation FCC FREEZE on new licenses 1948-1952 Freeze lifted in 1952: 400 stations apply for and are granted licenses
SINGLE SPONSORSHIP
Early TV programs usually conceived, produced and supported by one sponsor Shows were extended advertisements Sponsors, not networks, had total control over content
How networks gained control of programming
Increased program length (raised production costs for sponsors) New concept of "magazine" programming, with sales of spot ads Introduction of "Spectaculars" (TV specials) with multiple sponsors Quiz Show Scandal (1958-1959)
NETWORK ERA of Television:
1950s-1970s
NBC, CBS, ABC
Changes in TV industry (late 1950s)
Networks moved entertainment divisions to Hollywood Network news operations (information divisions) remained in New York
TV'S INFORMATION CULTURE
Nightly news began in 1948 (Camel News Caravan, NBC) modeled radio after news primarily a verbal report by an authoritative male anchorperson images provided support 15-minute format
TV's ENTERTAINMENT CULTURE: THE GOLDEN AGE OF TELEVISION
Situation/domestic comedy Variety shows/sketches Anthology dramas Episodic drama series Continuing serials
ECONOMICS OF TELEVISION
How are programs produced and distributed?
Prime-Time Production
Programs created by film studios and independent production companies Programs licensed to networks for a licensing fee (for 2 airings) Networks sell ad slots to advertisers Production companies lose money on network airing, but recoup it in syndication (deficit financing)
DISTRIBUTION of TV Shows
Networks send national programming to affiliate stations Each network has 150-200 affiliates Ne...
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1 0.736160714338297E+00 -0.875000000000000E-01 -0.648660714338297E+00 -0.875000000000000E-01 0.349999999975000E+00 -0.262499999975000E+00 -0.648660714338297E+00 -0.262499999975000E+00 0.911160714313297E+00 2 0.3670886075949
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