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80 Pages

Subjunctive

Course: HIN 506, Spring 2009
School: University of Texas
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Word Count: 496

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1. Subjunctives Asking for advice or permission (note the various translation equivalents in English): 1 ya mEM pkw il cay bna? 2 mEM Mdr ? 3 hm pse k sval pUC? Me 4 C&iyoM meM hm kha cle? M 5 p se kb imlU? Shall I make tea for you? May I come in? May we ask you a question? Where should we go for holidays? When shall I meet with you? 2. When proposing a course of action; note that the hm/hm log is...

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1. Subjunctives Asking for advice or permission (note the various translation equivalents in English): 1 ya mEM pkw il cay bna? 2 mEM Mdr ? 3 hm pse k sval pUC? Me 4 C&iyoM meM hm kha cle? M 5 p se kb imlU? Shall I make tea for you? May I come in? May we ask you a question? Where should we go for holidays? When shall I meet with you? 2. When proposing a course of action; note that the hm/hm log is understood: 1 a^ (hm) k khanI sun. Me Let's listen to a story! 2 hm ^s stah ixkago cleM r vha m[e kre. M Let's go to Chicago this week and enjoy ourselves there! 3 b kuC kam kre. Let's do some work now! M 3. When requesting some thing from some one we have two alternative constructions in Hindi where the forms with subjunctive/optative is considered more polite, for instance: 1 kl hmara jNmidn hE, ap jr a^ye vs. 2 kl hmara jNmidn hE, ap jr a . Tomorrow is my birthday, please be sure to come! Note that among these two alternatives the second sentence is preferred as it is considered more polite, as the subjunctive form is more of a suggestion than asking. 4 For expressing good wishes, congratulating or blessing. This is one of the typical functions of subjunctive/optative: 1 Kux rho > 2 sda suhagn rho > 3 Bgvan pkI mnokamna pUrI kreM > May God give you everything you want. 4 pkI m lMbI ho > 5 xadI mubark ho 6 > holI kI xuBkamna > 7 d mubark > 8 jIte rho. 9 sda suKI rho. 10 jNm-idn mubark ho. 11 xadI kI/pr bDa^R ho. 12 apko sPlta imle. May you live long. Congratulation on your wedding. Happy holi. Happy Id. May you live happy. May (you live) long! May (you) be happy! Happy birthday! Congratulations on (your) wedding! May (you) be successful! Happy New Year! 13 nya sal apke ilye xuB/mMglmy ho. 5. The optative is also used in expressing a wish: 1 mEM cahtI hU ik suzma inicMt rhe. I wish Sushma to be carefree. 2 iptajI cahte hEM ik mEM ar bnU. Father wants me to be a physician. 6. The subjunctive forms of the verb ho `be', ho (pl hoM) can be used to express doubt or uncertainty about something or someone in habitual, progressive and perfective forms. Such sentences may contain an adverb / adverbial phrase such as xayd / ho skta hE /sMBv hE, etc. expressing doubt to provide an extra emphasis on uncertainty. For instance: 1 MjU aj kUl nhIM a, xayd ska buKar b,, gya ho. Anju did not come to school, may be she has had high fever. 2 ho skta hE, bce p,, rhe hoM. Probably kids are studying. 3 xayd mere ipta jI ne ]on ikya ho. May be my father had called. 4 sMBv hE, ap logoM ne yh i]m deKI ho. You may have already seen this movie. 5 mMne soca, xayd ap la^brI meM kam krte hoM. E e I thought may be you work for the library.
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University of Texas - HIN - 506
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University of Texas - HIN - 506
University of Texas - HIN - 506
University of Texas - HIN - 506
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University of Texas - HIN - 506
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