A: 1
Part Page 164, Exercise 3
a. Dick finally decided on the boat. i. While riding in his yacht, Dick made an important decision regarding his finances. ii. After much consideration, Dick decided which boat he wanted to purchase. b. The professor's appointment was shocking. i. That the professor managed to attain such a prestigious job startled many. ii. Nobody could believe that the professor appointed his own son as his superior. c. The design has big squares and circles. i. This work of art not only has large squares, but also large circles. Oh snap. ii. While the squares in this piece of art are rather oversized, the circles retain a normal size. d. That sheepdog is too hairy to eat. i. Nobody I know would want to eat a sheepdog covered in so much hair! ii. The sheepdog's abnormal amount of body hair precluded him from eating. e. Could this be the invisible man's hair tonic? i. Wait; does this hair tonic belong to whatshisname? ii. Oh my! I think I may have stumbled across hair tonic designed for men that is invisible: That way nobody will know of their secret cosmetic life! f. The governor is a dirty street fighter. i. Unfortunately for his opponents, the governor rarely bathed, engulfing other street fighters with an awful stench. ii. The governor was not such a fan of the messiness found in the town roads, something he hoped to eradicate during his term. (Yeah, I know, more ambiguity, but just know that I'm not saying the governor should get rid of the town roads.) g. I cannot recommend him too highly. i. He's not that amazing, so I'm not going to give him an excellent recommendation. ii. It would be impossible for me to write a recommendation that made him out to be better than he actually is--he's just that great! h. Terry loves his wife and so do I. i. Although Terry is unaware, I am currently having an affair with his wife, whom although he loves, is also loved by me. ii. Terry loves his wife as I love mine. i. They said she would go yesterday. i. Per their declaration, I was under the impression that she was leaving for Alaska yesterday. ii. Yeah yeah yeah, they say she's going to go play tennis every day, but that doesn't mean it's actually going to happen. Just yesterday they said the same, but nothing happened. j. No smoking section available. i. If you don't smoke, sweet! We have a non-smoking section just for you! ii. I'm sorry, but there is no section for smokers where they can get their buzz on.
Part B: Page 166, Exercise 11
2 a. a lovely pillow noun i. Passes pronoun test: Martha found it for the couch. ii. Passes stand alone test: What do you want for Christmas? A lovely pillow. iii. Passes move as a unit test: A lovely pillow was found by Martha for the couch. b. light in this room i. Fails pronoun test: *The it is terrible. ii. Fails move as a unit test: *Light in this room the is terrible. c. if Bonnie has finished packing her books i. Fails pronoun test: *I wonder that. ii. Fails move as a unit test: *If Bonnie has finished packing her books I wonder. (a) Ha. That could be grammatically correct, but it changes the meaning. "Only on the off chance that Bonnie has finished her reading will I begin to ponder the universe." d. in her class prepositional phrase i. Passes pronoun test: Melissa slept there. ii. Passes stand alone test: Where Melissa did sleep? In her class. iii. Passes move as a unit test: In her class Melissa was found to be sleeping. e. Pete and Max noun(s) && the bone noun i. Passes pronoun test: They are fighting over the bone. ii. Passes stand alone test: Who is fighting? Pete and Max. iii. Passes pronoun test: Pete and Max are fighting over it. iv. Passes stand alone test: What do they want? The bone. v. Passes move as a unit test: The bone is what Pete and Max are fighting over. f. and to Max i. Fails pronoun test: I gave a bone to Pete him yesterday. ii. Fails stand alone test: Who got the bone? *And to Max. iii. Fails move as a unit test: *And to Max I gave a bone to Pete yesterday. g. Pete and i. Fails pronoun test: *I gave a bone to him Max yesterday. ii. Fails stand alone test: Who was given a bone? *Pete and. iii. Fails move as a unit test: *I gave a bone to to Max Pete and yesterday.
Part C: Pages 168-169, Exercise 18
a. French i. The French adjective `intelligent' concords with the noun it modifies by adding an `s' to the plural form. ii. The French future form consists of one word opposed to the English two words. iii. Adjectives come after the French nouns, instead of like in English where adjectives come before. b. Japanese i. Japanese has subject and object markers, while English doesn't. ii. The gerund form is implied in Japanese, whereas it is explicit in English.
3 iii. The Japanese employ the subject-object-verb form, while English uses subject-verb-object. c. Swahili i. Unlike English, Swahili has class markers. ii. Verbs in Swahili indicate the pronoun, as well, where English doesn't conjugate. iii. To make something plural in Swahili, the prefix class marker is modified. In English, a suffix is added. d. Korean i. English uses a question mark (in writing) and tonal fluctuation (in speaking) to indicate a question, while Korean has a designated word to dictate whether a phrase was an assertion or a question. ii. Korean has subject and object markers, unlike English. iii. Korean uses subject-object-verb, unlike English's subject-verb-object. e. Tagalog i. Tagalog attaches an article to the verb, where English attaches articles to the nouns. ii. Tagalog has topic markers, and English doesn't. iii. Tagalog does not use verbs to connect adjectives with their nouns. Instead of `bus is red,' it would just be `bus red.'
Part D (Honors Question): Page 166, Exercise 12
a. Using adverbs to figure out what "sounds right" with regards to verbs and particles, consider the following sentences: i. Last month I completely ran up the bill. ii. *Last month I ran completely up the bill. iii. Yesterday I enthusiastically ran up the hill. iv. Yesterday I ran enthusiastically up the hill. The first, third, and fourth examples sound examples sound right, but the second one just doesn't make much sense. So really, prepositions such as `up' should not always be considered to be a constituent with the object, as it is not always the case. Occasionally they go with the verbs. b. As stated above, prepositions do not necessarily have to be inherently connected to a prepositional phrase. `Up' needs `ran' before it in these contexts, or else it would have a totally different meaning. You can `run off' many things, but it's a lot more difficult to do `off your mouth' . . .