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Course: ENG 4000, Fall 2009School: Maple Springs
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ETHICS CalvinGotlieb, PROFESSIONAL ProfessorEmeritus,DepartmentofComputerScience UniversityofToronto YorkUniversity October18,2006 ETHICS Webster Thebranchofphilosophydealingwithvaluesrelatingtohuman conductwithrespecttorightnessandwrongnessofactionsand the goodnessandbadnessofmotivesandends Inconsideringprofessionalethicsitisnecessarytoputthesein contextwithdifferentethicaltheoriesproposedthroughthe...
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ETHICS
CalvinGotlieb, PROFESSIONAL ProfessorEmeritus,DepartmentofComputerScience UniversityofToronto YorkUniversity October18,2006
ETHICS
Webster Thebranchofphilosophydealingwithvaluesrelatingtohuman conductwithrespecttorightnessandwrongnessofactionsand the goodnessandbadnessofmotivesandends Inconsideringprofessionalethicsitisnecessarytoputthesein contextwithdifferentethicaltheoriesproposedthroughthe centuries,inmanycountries,byreligiousleadersandmoral philosophers Reference:MichaelJ.QuinnEthicsfortheInformationAge PearsonEducation,2nded.2006
York, October 18, 2006 Professional Ethics 2
EthicalTheories
Descriptiveethicsaspracticed Normativeethicsfromthewritingsof philosophersandreligiousleaders
Assumption Willaccepttheoriesbasedonlogic/reason (asopposedto,say,belieforpractice)
York, October 18, 2006 Professional Ethics 3
SUBJECTIVE/CULTURALRELATIVSIM
Negativeclaim Therearenouniversalnorms Positiveclaim Rightandwrongarerelativetotheindividualandsociety Problems Acceptsintolerance,slavery,apartheid,torture,wherethesearesocietal norms Negatesideaofmoralprogress Relativismviewinitselfisauniversalclaim
York, October 18, 2006
Professional Ethics
4
DIVINECOMMANDTHEORY
GoodactionsarethosealignedwiththewillofGod Godswillisrevealedintheholybookhandeddown throughhismessenger Problems?
York, October 18, 2006
Professional Ethics
5
CONSEQUENTIALISM (ACT)UTILITARIANSIM
JeremyBenthamJohnStuartMills Whatmakesactsrightorwrongdependswhollyonthe consequences ConsequencesaredifficulttopredictSo Actsoastoachievethegreatestgoodforthegreatest number Problems LeadstoacalculusofvaluesButcanvaluesbequantified? Shouldwekillonepersontogetmanybodyparts?
York, October 2006
Professional 18, Ethics
6
DEONTOLOGICALTHEORIES
ImmanuelKant
Theonlyunambiguousgoodthingisthewilltodogood Thereareabsolutely,inherentlyrightrules RationalityManisuniqueinabilitytoreason Thereforerulesaregoodiftheyfollowfromlogic CategoricalImperative Rulesaregoodiftheyapplytoeveryone(Universality) E.g.Donoharm()Goldenrule(+) Nevertreathumanbeingsasmeanstoanend,butratherasendsin themselves Leadstoideaofhumanrightsprivacy,intellectualpropertyrights Arethereuniversalrights?e.g.life,liberty,pursuitofhappiness Problems Howtoadjudicatebetweenconflictingrights?privacyandfreespeech Doesabsoluterightimplyexistenceofabsoluteevil?
York, October 18, 2006 Professional Ethics 7
SOCIALCONTRACTTHEORY
ThomasHobbesJeanJacquesRousseau
Thereisasocialcontractbetweenindividualsandsocietywhere everyonegains(isnothurt) Thisleadstolegalcontracti.e.Laws Hencetheconnectionbetweenlaws,ethics,morality Lawsaboutdriving(ontheleftorright)orprotectingintellectual Propertymaynotbeinherentlymoralbuttheypreven...
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