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Six Chapter Extra Practice Problems 1. Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radii: O, S, F. 2. Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radii: Na, Be, Mg. 3. Select the atom from the following list that has the greatest first ionization energy: S, Cl, Se, Br, 4. Select the atom from the following list that has the lowest ionization energy: B, Al, C, and Si, 5. How do atomic radii change as we move (a) from the left to right in the periodic table? (b) From top to bottom in a group in the periodic table. (c) Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing atomic radius: B, Al, Si, and Ge. 6. Why does the He atom have a smaller atomic radius than the hydrogen atom? Why is the He atom smaller than the Ne atom? 7. Write equations that show the processes corresponding to the second and third ionization energies of a scandium atom. 8. Based on their positions in the periodic table, select the atom with the larger first ionization energy from each of the following pairs: a) B or F b) N or P c) Hf or Cs d) O or P e) Ga or Ge What 9. is the trend in first ionization energies as you proceed across the fourth period from K to Kr? How does this compare with the trend in atomic radii? 10. Explain the following variations in atomic or ionic radii: a) I- > I > I+ b) Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Be2+ c) Fe2+ > Fe3+ 11. What is an isoelectronic series? Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of the following ions: Cl-, Se2-, Mg2+ 12. Why do the radii of isoelectronic ions decrease with increasing nuclear charge? 13. Arrange the atoms and ions in each of the following sets in order of increasing size: a) Li+, Rb+, K+ b) Br -, Na+, Mg2+ c) Ar, Cl-, S2-, K+ d) Cl, Cl-, Ar 14. What is meant by the term electronegativity? Which element has the greatest electronegativity? 15. Be referring only to the periodic table, arrange the members of each of the following sets in order of increasing electronegativity: a) O, P, S b) Mg, Al, Si c) S, Cl, Br d) C, Si, N *These problems are from Chemistry: The Central Science, 6th edition, by Brown, LeMay, and Bursten; Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.

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