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Lecture 25 Biodiversity
Course: BIO 124, Spring 2008School: JMU
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on Biodiversity Earth ~ 1.8 million sp. What is the most diverse group on earth? A. B. C. D. E. Mammals Flowering Plants Insects Protists Fungi Defining Biodiversity Genetic diversity Species diversity Ecosystem diversity Species rich lineages Species poor Red Panda, Endemic to Himalayas N = 2500 Endemics vulnerable to extinctions Hawaiian honeycreeper Endemic to Hawaii Joshua tree Endemic to...
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on Biodiversity Earth
~ 1.8 million sp.
What is the most diverse group on earth?
A. B. C. D. E. Mammals Flowering Plants Insects Protists Fungi
Defining Biodiversity
Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Species rich lineages
Species poor
Red Panda, Endemic to Himalayas N = 2500
Endemics vulnerable to extinctions
Hawaiian honeycreeper Endemic to Hawaii Joshua tree Endemic to Mojave desert
Golden lion tamarin Endemic to the Atlantic rainforests
Conservation Efforts
One species
Hotspots Greatest loss?
Where do we expect to find the greatest diversity?
Why are the tropics the most diverse ecosystem on earth?
Productivity
Layers - Specialization
Rare Species Selected For
The Kapok Tree
Benefiting from Biodiversity
1. Food
Plant diversity - New Sources
Quinoa
Soursop
Plant Genetic Diversity
Phytophthora infestans
Insect diversity - Biological Controls
Insect diversity - Wild Pollinators
Theobroma cacao
2. Medicine - Bioprospecting
Madagascar Periwinkle, leukaemia Pacific yew breast, ovarian, lung
Bioprospecting
Fever Bark Tree, Malaria Sweet Wormwood, Malaria
Bioprospecting
Tropical Cone Snails, Nonaddictive painkiller
3. Innovation - Biomimicry
Cockleburs
Termite mounds
1. Ecosystem Services Water, Air, Climate Control
Declining Biodiversity
Habitat Loss Extracting Fossil Fuels
West Virginia
Habitat Loss Logging Wood Products
Habitat Loss Development - Walmart
Overexploitation e.g., Mahogony
Overexploitation Marine Fish 90% of large fish are gone
Introduction of Exotics
Woolly Adelgid Hemlock
Rabbits
Pollution
Global Vanish, Warming
Disease
"Bees and Scientists Race for Reasons", 2007 "Bats Perish, and No One Knows Why", 2008
"Scientists Confront An Alarming Mystery: The Vanishing Frog",1990
Amphibians - 1990
43% in decline, Chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis
Natural Insect Control
Bees, 2007
" More than 36% of the country's 2.4 million bee colonies have been lost -- tens of billions of bees . . . "
Colony Collapse Disorder
Nosema ceranae, unicellular parasites
Not just about the honey
Bats, White-nose syndrome, 2008
Geomyces
Our responsibility to preserving biodiversity
Decreasing our carbon footprint
How we get around . . .
"JMU Bike Path. Tonight at 7 pm, Harrisonburg's City Council will discuss a motion to mandate a bike path to JMU's campus"
How we use energy and what we support . . .
Virginia Gov. Signs Raft of Legislation Promoting Renewable Energy Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Where we decide to buy food . . .
The Downtown Harrisonburg Farmers' Market pavilion opened Saturday to music, speeches, a large crowd, 2009
Where is the hope?
Hope: International Regulations
"From a historical point of view, the UN Climate Conference in Copenhagen is one of the most significant gatherings ever. The world has precious little time to reach an agreement which will secure the future habitability of the planet "
Hope: Carbon Markets (Cap &Trade)
Hope: Education
So what is your responsibility?
To care To educate others To be aware To make responsible choices
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