Alexander 1. Hamiltons economic program was designed prima r ily to (A) prepare the United States for war in the event Bri tain failed to vacate its posts in the Northwest (B) provide a platform for the f ledgling Federalist Partys 1792 campaign (C) establish the financial stability and credit of the new government (D) ensure northern dominance over the southern states in order to abolish slavery (E) win broad political support for his own candidacy for the presidency in 1792
2. The development of the early nineteenth-centu ry concept of separate spheres for the sexes encouraged all of the following EXCEPT (A) acceptance of a woman as the intellectual equal of a man (B) idealization of the lady (C) designation of the home as the appropriate place for a woman (D) emphasis on child care as a prime duty of a woman (E) establishment of a moral climate in the home
3. The presidential election of 1840 is often considered the fi rst modern election because (A) the slavery issue was first raised in this campaign (B) there was a very low tu rnout of eligible voters (C) voting patterns were similar to those later established in the 1890s (D) both parties for the first time widely campaigned among all the eligible voters (E) a second era of good feeling had just come to a close, marking a new departure in politics
4. The graph above refutes which of the following statements? (A) There were more Black people than White people in the antebellum South. (B) Most southern families held slaves. (C) Most southern families lived in rural areas. (D) The southern population was much smaller than that of the North. (E) Slaveholders were an extremely powerful group. 5. F rederick Jackson Tu r ne rs frontier hypothesis focused on the importance of (A) the t raditions of western European culture (B) the absence of a feudal aristocracy (C) Black people and Black slavery (D) the conflict between capitalists and workers (E) the existence of cheap unsettled land
6. Du r ing the closing decades of the nineteenth centu ry, farmers complained a bout all of the following EXCEP T (A) r ising commodity prices (B) high interest charges (C) high freight rates (D) high storage costs (E) large middleman profits
7. The Roosevelt Corolla ry to the Monroe Doctr ine did which of the following? (A) Prohibited United States intervention in the Caribbean.
( B) Warned against European seizure of the Panama Canal. (C) Sought to end the wave of nationalization of American-owned property in the Caribbean. (D) Declared the United States to be the policeman of the Western Hemisphere. (E) Provided United States mili tary support for democratic revolutions in Latin America.
8. One of the p rincipal reasons the noble experiment of P rohibition failed was t hat it led to an enormous increase in (A) drinking among minors (B) absenteeism among factory workers (C) the divorce rate (D) child abuse (E) law enforcement costs
9. B rown v. Board of Education of Topeka w as a Supreme Court decision that (A) was a forerunner of the Kansas-Nebraska Act (B) established free public colleges in the United States (C) declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal (D) established free public elementary and secondary schools in the United States (E) provided for federal support of parochial schools 10. Joseph McCa rthys investigative tactics found support among many A mericans because (A) evidence substantiated his charges against the army (B) there was widespread fear of communist infilt ration of the United States (C) both Truman and Eisenhower supported him (D) he worked closely with the FBI (E) he correctly identified numerous communists working in the State Department 11. The Tet offensive of 1968 dur ing the Vietnam War demonstrated that (A) bombing North Vietnam had severely curtailed Vietcong supplies (B) the army of South Vietnam was in control of the South (C) American strategy was working (D) a negotiated settlement was in the near future
( E) the Vietcong could attack major cities throughout South Vietnam
12. Liberty of conscience was defended by Roger Williams on the grounds that (A) all religions were equal in the eyes of God (B) the signers of the Mayflower Compact had guaranteed i t (C) Puritan ideas about sin and salvation were outmoded (D) theological t ruths would emerge from the clash of ideas (E) the state was an improper and ineffectual agency in matters of the spirit 13. By the end of the seventeenth centu ry, which of the following was t rue of w omen in New England? (A) They had begun to challenge their subordinate role in society. (B) They were a majority in many church congregations. (C) They voted in local elections. (D) They frequently divorced their husbands. (E) They could lead town meetings. 14. The Fi rst Great Awakening led to all of the following EXCEPT (A) separatism and secession from established churches (B) the renewed persecution of witches (C) the growth of institutions of higher learning (D) a f lourishing of the missionary spirit (E) a greater appreciation for the emotional experiences of faith
15. The Embargo Act of 1807 had which of the following effects on the United S tates? (A) I t severely damaged American manufacturing. (B) I t enriched many cotton plantation owners. (C) I t disrupted American shipping. (D) I t was ruinous to subsistence farmers. (E) I t had li t t le economic impact.
16. The National Road was constructed p rima r ily for the purpose of (A) demarcating the southwestern boundary of the Louisiana Purchase
( B) promoting t rade and communication with the Old Northwest (C) opening the Southwest to ranchers (D) assisting the movement of settlers to the Oregon Country (E) relieving overpopulation and crowding in the Northeast 17. The idea of M anifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs EXCEPT: (A) Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded i ts agricultural base. (B) The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting. (C) Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial. (D) God had selected America as a chosen land and people. (E) The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the t ropics to the Arctic.
18. Which of the following statements about woman suffrage is t r ue? (A) The six states of New England were the first to have complete woman suffrage. (B) Woman suffrage was int roduced into the South during Radical Reconstruction. (C) No state granted woman suffrage before 1900. (D) The only states with complete woman suffrage before 1900 were west of the Mississippi. (E) California and Oregon were the first states to have complete woman suffrage. 19. The American Federation of Labor under the leadership of Samuel Gompers o rganized (A) skilled workers in craft unions in order to achieve economic gains (B) all industrial and agricultural workers in one big union (C) unskilled workers along industrial lines (D) workers and intellectuals into a labor party for political action (E) workers into a fraternal organization to provide unemployment and old-age benefits 20. I n the period 18901915, all of the following were generally t rue about African A mericans EXCEPT: (A) Voting r ights previously gained were denied through changes in state laws and constitutions. (B) Back-to-Africa movements were widely popular among African Americans in urban a reas. (C) African American leaders disagreed on the principal strategy for attaining equal r ights.
( D) Numerous African Americans were lynched, and mob attacks on African American i ndividuals occurred in both the North and the South. (E) African Americans from the ru ral South migrated to both southern and northern cities.
21. Conservative Republican opponents of the T reaty of Versailles argued that the L eague of Nations would (A) isolate the United States from world postwar affairs (B) prevent the United States from seeking reparations from Germany (C) violate President Wilsons own Fourteen Points (D) limit United States sovereignty (E) give England and France a greater role than the United States in maintaining world peace 22. Which of the following best characterizes the stance of the w r iters associated w ith the litera ry flowering of the 1920s, such as Sinclai r Lewis and F. Scott F itzgerald? (A) Sympathy for Protestant fundamentalism (B) Nostalgia for the good old days (C) Commitment to the cause of racial equality (D) Advocacy of cultural isolationism (E) Criticism of middle-class conformity and materialism
23. Which of the following is t r ue of the forced relocation of Japanese Americans f rom the West Coast du ring the Second World War? (A) President Roosevelt claimed that mili tary necessity justified the action. (B) The Supreme Court immediately declared the action unconstitutional. (C) The relocation was implemented according to congressional pro-visions for the i nternment of dissidents. (D) The Japanese Americans received the same t reatment as that accorded German A mericans and I talian Americans. (E) Few of those relocated were actually United States citizens.
24. Which of the following was an immediate consequence of the Bay of Pigs i ncident?
( A) Congress demanded United States withdrawal from the Panama Canal Zone. (B) The Soviet Union sent missiles to Cuba. (C) Americans began to view nuclear power plants as dangerous. (D) The United States ended its military occupation of Japan. (E) China entered the Korean War.
25. The high inflation rates of the late 1960s and early 1970s were pr ima rily the r esult of (A) major state and federal tax increases (B) increased investment in major industries (C) spending on social-welfare programs and the Vietnam War (D) a decline in foreign t rade (E) deregulation of key t ransportation and defense industries
26. Which of the following was t rue of a mar r ied woman in the colonial era? (A) She would be sentenced to debtors prison for debts incurred by her husband. (B) She could vote as her husbands proxy in elections. (C) She generally lost control of her property when she mar ried. (D) She was the beneficiary by law of her husbands estate. (E) Her legal r ights over her children were the same as those of her husband. 27. Which of the following colonies requi red each community of 50 or more f amilies to provide a teacher of reading and w r i ting? (A) Pennsylvania (B) Massachusetts (C) Virginia (D) Maryland (E) Rhode Island
28. The area marked X on the map was par t of (A) Massachusetts Western Reserve (B) the Northwest Terri tory (C) the Louisiana Purchase (D) the Mexican Cession (E) the Oregon Count ry 29. I n the early years of the textile industry in Lowell, Massachusetts, owners of t he textile mills were best known for thei r (A) humanitarian refusal to hire women and children as factory operatives (B) brutal t reatment of their workforces (C) idealistic efforts to avoid the worst evils of English industrialization (D) profit-motivated efforts to replicate the factory system of the English Industrial Revolution (E) pioneering efforts to establish labor unions
30. At the beginning of the Civil War, Southerners expressed all of the following e xpectations EXCEPT: (A) The materialism of the North would prevent Northerners from fighting an idealistic war. (B) Great Bri tain would intervene on the side of the South in order to preserve i ts source of cotton. (C) Northern unity in the struggle against the Southern states would eventually break.
( D) The economic and mili tary resources of the South would outlast those of the North. (E) The justice of the Souths cause would prevail. 31. Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the t reatment of A merican I ndians du r ing the last half of the nineteenth centu ry? (A) The beginnings of negotiations with individual t r ibes (B) The start of a removal policy (C) The abandonment of the reservation system (D) The admission of all American Indians to the full r ights of United States citizenship (E) The division of the t r ibal lands among individual members 32. This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of wealth: to consider a l l surplus revenues which come to him simply as t rust funds, which he is called upon to a dminister and strictly bound as a matter of duty to administer in the manner w hich, in his judgment, is best calculated to produce the most beneficial results for t he communitythe man of wealth thus becoming the mere agent and t rustee for h is poorer b rethren. T hese sentiments are most characteristic of (A) t ranscendentalism (B) pragmatism (C) the Gospel of Wealth (D) the Social Gospel (E) Reform Darwinism 33. M any Mexicans migrated to the United States du ring the F i rst World War because (A) revolution in Mexico had caused social upheaval and dislocation (B) immigration quotas for Europeans went unfilled as a result of the war (C) the war in Europe had disrupted the Mexican economy (D) American Progressives generally held liberal views on the issue of racial assimilation (E) the United States government offered Mexicans land in exchange for mili tary service 34. Which of the following has been viewed by some historians as an indication of strong anti-Catholic sentiment in the presidential election of 1928? (A) The increased political activity of the Ku K lux K lan
( B) The failure of the farm bloc to go to the polls (C) Alfred E. Smiths choice of Arkansas senator Joseph T. Robinson as his running mate (D) Alfred E. Smiths failure to carry a solidly Democratic South (E) Herbert Hoovers use of rugged individualism as his campaign slogan 35. Du r ing his presidency, Ha r r y S T r uman did all of the following EXCEPT (A) abolish the Tennessee Valley Authority (B) establish a new loyalty program for federal employees (C) extend Social Security benefits (D) order the desegregation of the armed forces (E) veto the Taft-Har tley Act
36. Which of the following best describes the Ha rlem Renaissance? (A) The rehabili tation of a decaying urban area (B) An outpouring of Black artistic and li terary creativity (C) The beginning of the NAACP (D) The most famous art show of the early twentieth century (E) The establishment of the back-to-Africa movement 37. Conscription policies in the Fi rst and Second World Wars differed significantly in that in the Second World War (A) African Americans were drafted into integrated units (B) conscientious objectors were not officially recognized (C) the draft began before the United States entered the conflict (D) the draft was administered at the regional and federal levels by the armed forces (E) exemptions were offered for a range of war-related occupations
38. All of the following concerns were addressed du ring the Hundred Days of t he New Deal EXCEPT (A) banking regulation (B) unemployment relief (C) agricultural adjustment (D) homeowner mortgage support
( E) court restructuring
39. Jimmy Ca rter and Ronald Reagan were simila r as presidential candidates in t hat both (A) articulated the publics desire for less involvement in foreign affairs (B) capitalized on their status as Washington outsiders (C) promised Congress increased control over domestic matters (D) renounced private fund-raising in support of their campaigns (E) had built national reputations as legislators
40. Richard N ixons 1968 political comeback to w in the presidency can be partly a tt r ibuted to (A) dissension within the Democratic Party over Vietnam (B) the defection of Black voters to the Republican Party (C) Nixons cordial relations with the news media (D) Nixons great popularity as Eisenhowers vice president (E) Nixons promise of immediate withdrawal of American forces from Vietnam