OF UNIVERSITY TORONTO DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE 2006-2007
POL 429/2429Y: Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict and Democracy Mondays 2:00-4:00 p.m. Professor Jacques Bertrand Munk Centre for International Studies, Rm 107N, Tel: [phone] E-mail: [e-mail] Web page: www.chass.utoronto.ca/~bertrand Office hours: Course description This course offers a survey of some of the key theoretical literature on ethnic conflict and nationalism. Although ethnic politics and nationalism correspond to different political phenomena, they are often closely related. At least one school of nationalism argues that ethnic identity plays a major role in the definition of a "nation." Also, subnationalisms expressed in secessionist groups are often based on ethnic identities. However, ethnic politics only rarely lead to nationalist aspirations. Mobilization of group identities can aim at electoral gains, state resources, or recognition and affirmation of group rights without vying for a state. In the course, we will be looking at the formation and evolution of ethnic identities as well as the sources of nationalist aspirations. We will address the debate on the causes of ethnic conflict and discuss different types of conflict that result from ethnic mobilization. In addition, we will analyze the origins of nationalism in the modern world. We will emphasize different types of nationalisms that have emerged, as well as reflect on the distinct problem of sub-nationalisms and secessionist movements. Finally, we will also address the complex issues arising from ethnic politics and nationalist movements in democratic contexts. Most of the course is theoretical. The theoretical propositions that are explored throughout the year arise from the observation of empirical cases and are not based on normative theory. Specific cases will be introduced by students in the course of the second term, when they present their own research. Student Work and Evaluation This course is a seminar for senior undergraduate and graduate students. In each session, one student will present and guide the first part of the discussion (presentations should be limited to 20 minutes). There is a strong emphasis on class participation in this seminar. This participation includes a minimal grade for attendance. Most of the grades will be determined by the extent to which students show evidence of having carefully read the
materials of the week, given thought to them, and made significant contributions to class discussions. 1) Undergraduate students Book/article review: Research Paper (due ) Class Presentations (incl. case presentation) Participation (attendance, weekly questions, contributions to discussions): 2) Graduate students Review essay: Research Paper (6500 words) Presentations and Participation 15% 45% 40% 15% 35% 30% 20%
Please note: I am using a university wide service called Turnitin. Turnitin.com is an electronic resource that assists in the detection and deterrence of plagiarism. Students agree that by taking this course all required papers may be subject to submission for textual similarity review to Turnitin.com for the detection of plagiarism. I might request an electronic copy of your paper or might scan part of your paper to submit to Turnitin.com .The terms that apply to the University's use of the Turnitin.com service are described on the Turnitin.com web site.
***Blackboard***:
We are going to be using the University's new web-based ***Blackboard Academic Suite***. POL215Y is one of the pilot courses for introducing Blackboard to the University Community. You will be hearing about this academic suite much more in the following years so it is a good chance to get ahead. Blackboard is a very user friendly web-based communication tool to allow information to be communicated to students, as well as for broadcast e-mails, checking grades, tutorial management, lecture outlines/slides, and other tasks. You are required to use Blackboard in order to check course documentation, including assignments and other information. ***YOU WILL NEED a UTOR login and password to have access to Blackboard. No other email address will be accepted. You do not need to register your name in the list, since ROSI downloads all student names but you will need to have an email address included for communication. Login, passwords, and tutorials can be accessed at: http://portal.utoronto.ca/
For help and information, please contact: [e-mail] .
DO NOT direct your Blackboard specific questions to instructors or TAs. We are unable to provide support for the web-based softward. There are special services that you should consult. You should access to the course, through Blackboard, regularly to check for announcements, broadcasts, etc...
Books available for purchase: At University of Toronto Bookstore: Donald L. Horowitz. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict., Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London:Verso.
At The Three Cent Copy Centre: Reader for POL 429Y/2429Y, available, at The Three Cent Copy Centre, 304 Brunswick Avenue, 2nd floor (corner of Bloor; between Spadina and Bathurst) Open Monday to Friday from 9 am to 7 pm and on Saturday from 10 am to 4 pm. Tel: [phone]
Useful Overviews of the literature: Brubaker R, Laitin D. "Ethnic and nationalist violence", Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1998, pp. 42352 Calhoun, C "Nationalism and Ethnicity," Annual Review of Sociology, 19, 1993, pp. 211239.
Reading assignments: ***NOTE***: Most articles are available on-line through Blackboard. All other articles and book chapters are in the reader.
1. Introduction to the course (Sept. 13) No readings 2. The formation of ethnic identity (Sept. 20) What is ethnicity? What is an ethnic group? Are group boundaries fixed or fluid? **Donald L. Horowitz. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict., Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, chaps. 1, pp. 3-and 2, pp. 3-94
**Crawford Young, The Politics of Cultural Pluralism, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976, chaps. 1 and 2, pp. 3-65 Related: Brubaker, Rogers, and Frederick Cooper. 2000. Beyond ``Identity.'' Theory and Society 29 (1):147. Barth, Fredrick, ed. 1969. Ethnic Groups and Boundaries: The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Boston: Little, Brown Kasfir, Nelson "Explaining Ethnic Political Participation," World Politics, 3, no. 3 (April 1979)/
CAUSES OF ETHNIC CONFLICT 3. The "primordial" thesis (Sept. 27) "Primordialism" refers to a broad category of scholars who emphasize the immutability of ethnic identities. Explanations range from imputing conflict from the existence of diversity, to spelling out conditions under which these identities produce conflict, such as economic and social differentiation (as in the plural society thesis). **Clifford Geertz, "The integrative revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Civil Politics in the New States," in The Interpretation of Cultures, Basic Books, 1973, chap. 10, pp. 255-310. **Van den Berghe P. 1995. "Does race matter?" Nations and Naionaisml. 1(3):35968 **Furnivall, J. S. 1948. Colonial Policy and Practice: A Comparative Study of Burma and Netherlands India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 303-312. **Bowen JR. 1996. The myth of global ethnic conflict. Journal of Democracy. 7(4), pp. 3-14 M.G. Smith "Social and Cultural Pluralism," in Vera Rubin (ed.), Social and Cultural Pluralism in the Caribbean, Annals of the American Academy of Sciences, no. 83, January 1960, pp. 763-77. Gurr TR. 1993. Why minorities rebel: a global analysis of communal mobilization and conflict since 1945. Int. Polit. Sci. Rev. 14(2):161.201
Harold R. Isaacs, Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change, 1st ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1975).
4. Group Comparison, Group Entitlement and sources of conflict (Oct. 4) **Donald L Horowitz. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, chaps. 3-5, pp. 95-228
***October 11 THANKSGIVING***
5. Manipulating ethnic identities for political ends (Oct. 18) **Paul Brass, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison (Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1991), chap. 7 pp. 247-299 **Young, Crawford. 1976. The Politics of Cultural Pluralism. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, chaps. 3 and 4 (pp. 66-139) Tilley V. The terms of the debate: Untangling language about ethnicity and ethnic movements, Ethnic And Racial Studies, 20 (3): 497-522 JUL 1997 Steven Wilkinson, "Constructivist Assumptions and Ethnic Violence," in Symposium: Cumulative Findings in the Study of Politics, Ethnic APSA-CP, pp. 17-20. Vail L, ed. 1989. Creation of Tribalism in South Africa. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press
6. Strategic explanations of ethnic peace and conflict (Oct. 25) **Fearon, James D., and David D. Laitin. 1996. Explaining Interethnic Cooperation. American Political Science Review 90 (4):71535. **Posen, Barry R. 1993. The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict. Survival 35 (1):27 47. Related James Fearon, "Commitment Problems and the Spread of Ethnic Conflict." In David A. Lake and Donald Rothchild, eds. The International Spread of Ethnic Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Pp. 107-126
Hardin, Russell. 1995. One for All: The Logic of Group Con Princeton University Press.
ict. Princeton, N.J.:
Kalyvas, Stathis. 1999.Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria. Rationality and Society 11 (3):24385. Laitin, David. 1986. Hegemony and Culture: Politics and Religious Change Among the Yoruba. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
7. Ethnic riots (Nov. 1) **Horowitz D. 2001. Deadly Ethnic Riot. Berkeley:Univ. Calif. Press, Chap. 1 (pp. 142), chap. 8 (pp. 268-325), chap. 9 (pp. 326-373) **Brass, Paul R. 1997. Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,, pp. 3-31.
Brass PR, ed. 1996a. Riots and Pogroms. New York: New York Univ. Press Tambiah, Stanley 1996. Leveling Crowds: Ethnonationalist Conflicts and Collective Violence in South Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press.
THE ORIGINS OF NATIONALISM 8. Primordialists and Modernists (Nov. 8) **Gellner, Ernest. 1983. Nations and Nationalism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press Chaps. 1 (p. 1-7), chap. 4 (pp. 39-53), chap. 5 (53-62). **Smith, Anthony D. The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998 (1986, Introduction, chap. 1, chap. 2 (pp. 1-46), chap. 6, (pp. 129-152). Armstrong, John A. 1982. Nations Before Nationalism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Smith, Anthony D. 1998. Nationalism and Modernism : A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. London ; New York: Routledge Hechter, Michael. 1999. Internal Colonialism: The Celtic Fringe in British National Development. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers Dankwart A. Rustow, A World of Nations: Problems of Political Modernization
(Washington: Brookings Institution, 1967). Brubaker R. 1998. Myths and misconceptions in the study of nationalism. In The State of the Nation: Ernest Gellner and the Theory of Nationalism, ed. John Hall. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press Walker Connor, Ethnonationalism: the Quest for Understanding, Princeton University press, 1994. 9. Constructivists (Nov. 15) **Anderson, Benedict. 1983. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. London:Verso. Introduction (pp. 1-8), Chap. 3 (pp. 37-46), chap. 4 (pp. 47-66), chaps. 7-10 (pp. 113-185) **Partha Chatterjee, The Nation and Its Fragments, chap. 1, pp. 3-13. Hechter M. 1995. Explaining nationalist violence.Nations Natl. 1(1):53.68 Ignatieff M. 1994. Blood and Belonging: Journeys in the New Nationalism. New York: Farrar,Straus & Giroux Hobsbawm, Eric Nations and Nationalism Since 1788. Harold R. Isaacs, Idols of the Tribe: Group Identity and Political Change, 1st ed. (New York: Harper & Row, 1975). TYPES OF NATIONALISMS AND ISSUES 10. Civic vs ethnic nationalism (Nov. 22) **Greenfeld, Liah. Nationalism: Five Roads to Modernity, Cambridge (USA) and London (UK): Harvard University Press, 1992, Introduction, pp. 1-26 **Bernard Yack, "The Myth of the Civic Nation," in Ronald Beiner (ed.), Theorizing Nationalism (New York: State University of New York Press, 1999), 103-118 **Anthony Marx, Faith in Nation: Exclusionary Origins of Nationalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), chap. 1, pp. 3-32 and chap. 7 , pp. 191-206. 11. Secession (Nov. 29) **Donald L Horowitz. 1985. Ethnic Groups in Conflict, Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, chap. 6, pp. 229-288 **Heraclides A. 1990. Secessionist minorities and external involvement. Int. Organ.
44(3):341-78
David Laitin. 1995. National Revivals and Violence. European Journal of Sociology 36 (1):343. Mayall, James. 1999. Sovereignty, nationalism, and self-determination Political Studies; 47:474-502 special issue no 3 Meadwell H. 1989. Ethnic nationalism and collective choice theory. Comp. Polit. Stud. 22:139.54
INSTITUTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO ETHNIC CONFLICT 12. Institutions and ethnicity (Dec. 6) **Brubaker R. 1996. Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, chaps. 1 and 2, pp. 13-54. **Jacques Bertrand, Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), chap. 2, pp. 9-27 **Siobhan Harty, "Institutional Foundations of substate national movements," Comparative Politics, 33, 2, Jan. 2001.pp. 191-210. Horowitz DL. 1991a. A Democratic South Africa?:Constitutional Engineering in a Divided Society. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press 13. International intervention and Ending Ethnic wars (Jan. 3) **Kaufmann, Chaim. 1996. Possible and Impossible Solutions to Ethnic Civil Wars. International Security 20 (4):13675. **Michael Brown and Chantal de Jonge Ondraal, "Internal Conflict and International Action: An Overview," in Brown, Michael E. Nationalism and ethnic conflict, MIT Press, 1997, pp. 163-192. Montville J, ed. 1991. Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies. Lexington, MA: Lexington . Carment D, Rowlands D, James P. 1997. Ethnic conflict and third party intervention. In Enforcing Cooperation: Risky States and Intergovernmental Management of Conflict, ed. G Schneider, P Weitsman, pp. 104.32. New York: MacMillan
Michael Brown. Ethnic conflict and international security, Princeton University Press, 1993.
14. Consociationalism and its critics (Jan. 10) **Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, Chap. 2, pp. 25-52 **Brass, Paul "Ethnic Conflict in Multiethnic Societies: The Consociational Solution and its Critics," in Paul Brass, Ethnicity and Nationalism: Theory and Comparison (Newbury Park, CA:Sage Publications, 1991), chap. 9, pp. 333-348. **Ian S. Lustick, "Lijphart, Lakatos, and consociationalism," World Politics 50 (1997), 88-117 Brendan O'Leary, "Debating Consociational Politics: Normative and Explanatory Arguments," Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association Philadelphia, August 27-30, 2003. Ian Lustick, "Stability in Deeply Divided Societies: Consociationalism versus Control," World Politics 31 (April 1979) Barry, Brian, "Review Article: Political Accommodation and Consociational Democracy," British Journal of Political Science 5 (October 1975); DEMOCRACY AND ETHNIC CONFLICT 15. Civil society and ethnic conflict (Jan. 17) **Varshney A. 1997. Postmodernism, civic engagement and ethnic conflict: a passage to India. Comp. Polit. 30(1):1.20 **Varshney, Ashutosh, "Ethnic Conflict and Civil Society: India and Beyond," World Politics 53 no. 3 (April 2001), pp. 362-398
16. Democracy and ethnic diversity: difficulties (Jan. 24) **Snyder, Jack L. 2000. From Voting to Violence : Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. New York ; London: Norton, chap. 1 (pp. 15-42), chap. 2, (pp. 45-92). **Yashar, Deborah J., Democracy, indigenous movements, and the postliberal challenge in Latin America, World Politics; 52:76-104 no 1 Oct 1999 Recommended:
Rabushka, Alvin, and Kenneth A. Shepsle. 1972. Politics in Plural Societies: A Theory of Democratic Instability. Columbus, Ohio:Merrill Juan J. Linz and Alfred Stepan, "Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia," Daedalus, 121 (Spring 1992), pp. 123-139 Nelson Kasfir, "Explaining Ethnic Political Participation," World Politics, 31 (1979), pp. 365-424 Reilly, Benjamin, Democracy in Divided Societies: Electoral Engineering for Conflict Management, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 17. Multicultural Democracy (Jan. 31) **Will Kymlicka, Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights (Oxford University Press, 1995, chaps. 1-3, pp. 1-48, and chaps. 9-10, pp. 173-195. **Van Den Berghe, Pierre L. "Multicultural democracy: can it work?," Nations and Nationalism 8 (4), Oct. 2002: 433-449.
WEEKS 18-25: Case Presentations and analysis (Feb. 7, 14, 21, 28; March 7, 14, 21, 28) NOTE: Feb. 14 Reading Week
WEEK 24: Wrap up (April 4) What have we learned?