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05-Cardio
Course: BIO 375, Fall 2009School: Lewis-Clark
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of Types Pumps Pulsating vessel without directional flow Cardiovascular function Dr. Kellar Autumn Lewis & Clark College autumn@lclark.edu Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn Pulsating vessel with directional flow (Peristaltic waves) Pulsating vessel with directional flow (Valves) Herreid (1977) 1 Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn 12/10/99 12/10/99 2 Tubular Heart - Open System Simple...
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of Types Pumps
Pulsating vessel without directional flow
Cardiovascular function Dr. Kellar Autumn
Lewis & Clark College autumn@lclark.edu
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
Pulsating vessel with directional flow (Peristaltic waves)
Pulsating vessel with directional flow (Valves)
Herreid (1977) 1
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
12/10/99
2
Tubular Heart - Open System
Simple Tubular Hearts
Systole - heart contraction Diastole - heart relaxation
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
3
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
4
Chambered Heart - Fish
Four chambers in series Unidirectional flow maintained by valves
Frog Heart
Atria completely subdivided with a single ventricle
Heart pumps through two resistances
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
5
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
6
Lizard Heart
Partially divided ventricle
Crocodile Heart
Completely divided ventricle
During diving blood is shunted from right side to left
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
7
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
8
Mammalian Heart
Completely divided ventricle
Cephalopod Circuit
Double Pump System Heart Pumps to Body Hearts Pump to Gills
Foramen ovale in fetal heart
Double pump system - systemic (body) and pulmonary (lung)
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
9
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
10
Electrical Activity of Hearts
1. Neurogenic pacemaker
- heart beat initiated by neurons
Myogenic Heart
Pacemakers Cells Beat on Own!
2. Myogenic pacemaker
- heart beat initiated by modified muscle cell
Found in two nodes Sinoatrial Atrioventricular
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
11
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
12
Pacemaker Potentials
Pacemaker Potentials
Normal
Epinephrine Increases Slope Acetylcholine Decreases Slope
13
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
Na+ influx Slow decrease in K+ permeability
Increase Heart Rate Decrease Heart Rate
time Heart rate = # beats / time
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
12/10/99
14
Pacemaker and Cardiac Potentials
Pacemaker Potential
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
P - wave atrial depolarization QRS complex - Ventricular depolarization T wave - Ventricular repolarization
+
R P T
_ _
+ _
Cardiac Potential
Increased Ca++ Permeability
_
Q S
+ +
Prolonged Potential Synchronizes Contraction
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
15
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
16
Abnormal EKG
Ectopic focus
+ _ _ + _
Cardiac Cycle
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
_
+ +
Pacemaker located at bottom of ventricle
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
Ventricular volume (ml)
12/10/99
17
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
18
Cardiac Cycle
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
Cardiac Cycle
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
Ventricular volume (ml)
Ventricular volume (ml)
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
19
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
20
Cardiac Cycle
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
Cardiac Cycle
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
Ventricular volume (ml)
Ventricular volume (ml)
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
21
Comparative Physiology - Prof. Autumn
12/10/99
22
Blood Pressure
Systolic Pressure
Aortic Pressure (torr) Pressure (torr)
Variation in Blood Pressure
Diastolic Pressure
Closed Systems
Ventricular volume (ml)
Pluse Pressure = -Diast...
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