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6 Pages

css-xsl

Course: CSC 309, Fall 2009
School: University of Toronto
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Word Count: 1104

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Web CSC309: Programming Singin' the Tomcat Blues Greg messed up Web Programming: CSS and XSL Had an old version of hsqldb.jar in one of the (many) directories Tomcat reads from So something that didn't work appeared to If you: Greg Wilson gvwilson@cs.utoronto.ca Summer 2005 1 Feel that you lost so much time with hsqldb.jar issues that it affected your grade, and Had enough work checked in before mid-day...

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Web CSC309: Programming Singin' the Tomcat Blues Greg messed up Web Programming: CSS and XSL Had an old version of hsqldb.jar in one of the (many) directories Tomcat reads from So something that didn't work appeared to If you: Greg Wilson gvwilson@cs.utoronto.ca Summer 2005 1 Feel that you lost so much time with hsqldb.jar issues that it affected your grade, and Had enough work checked in before mid-day Friday to prove it, then Come and talk to me about your grade 2 Administrivia No lecture next Monday Assignment 4 due on Tuesday Remark requests: Print the form Write a (readable) explanation of why you think your grade was unfair MIA Are you: c2guralo c3foroog c3mashag c5ipstel c5pengqi g3gabbie Essays, please Final exam schedule has been posted August 8 lecture will peer into the future 3 If so, please come and see me about E2 4 Greg Wilson 1 CSC309: Web Programming Presentation Suppose you have 10,000 web pages, and you want them all to look the same Option 1: use default appearance Which looks like it was designed by engineers CSS Basics You can change default appearance of elements by putting style information in the document header <html> <head> <style type="text/css"> h1 { color: blue; } p { font-style: italic; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>This is a title</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> 5 6 Option 2: use tables and font tags to position things, change style, etc. A nightmare to maintain Option 3: use Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Separate content from presentation External Style Sheets Much better to store style in an external file Which can be shared between many pages <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="b.css"/> </head> <body> <h1>This is a title</h1> <p>This is a paragraph.</p> </body> </html> h1 { color: blue; } p { font-style: italic; } Customization Any HTML element may have a `class' attribute <h1 class="maintitle">...</h1. Can specify style for elements of that class: h1.maintitle { font-family: courier} Styles stack on top of one another Which is why they're called "cascading" 7 8 Greg Wilson 2 CSC309: Web Programming ...Customization <html> <head> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="c.css"/> </head> <body> <h1 class="maintitle">Main title</h1> <h1>Normal title</h1> </body> </html> h1 { color: blue; } h1.maintitle { font-family: courier; } p { font-style: italic; } CSS Zen Garden 9 10 ...CSS Zen Garden Production Suppose you have 10,000 items in stock, and you want to generate a web page for each of them Oh, but wait: this isn't 1995 Suppose you want to generate: English, French, Chinese, and Korean web pages All of the above for cell phone display Something for a fridge-front display panel And audio 11 12 Greg Wilson 3 CSC309: Web Programming XSL The Extensible Stylesheet Language Three parts: XPath: specify locations in XML document XSLT: transform XML into other things XSL-FO: Formatting Objects We'll ignore these Solar System Data <solarsystem> <star name="Sun"/> <body name="Mercury" orbits="Sun"> <period units="days" length="87.97"/> </body> <body name="Venus" orbits="Sun"> <period units="days" length="224.70"/> </body> <body name="Earth" orbits="Sun"> <period units="days" length="365.26"/> </body> <body name="Moon" orbits="Earth"> <period units="days" length="27.32"/> </body> <body name="Mars" orbits="Sun"> <period units="days" length="686.98"/> </body> <body name="Phobos" orbits="Mars"> <period units="days" length="0.32"/> </body> <body name="Deimos" orbits="Mars"> <period units="days" length="1.26"/> </body> </solarsystem> Basic idea: Applications produce XML with semantic content Stylesheet turns that into something viewable (And if it's HTML, then you apply CSS) 13 14 Getting Names $ cat a.xsl <?xml version="1.0" <xsl:stylesheet encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="body"> <xsl:value-of select="@name"/> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> $ xsltproc a.xsl solar.xml <?xml version="1.0"?> Mercury Venus Earth Moon Mars Phobos Deimos 15 What Just Happened The template matches each `body' element in turn Establishes a content for operations The value-of selects and prints the value of the matched node's `name' attribute Use `@name' to signal that it's an attribute `name' on its own would mean "an immediate child element with the tag `name'" Note: output doesn't have to be legal XML 16 Greg Wilson 4 CSC309: Web Programming So Let's Produce HTML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> <xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"> <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <xsl:apply-templates/> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="body"> <p><xsl:value-of select="@name"/></p> </xsl:template> </xsl:stylesheet> ...HTML First template matches the root element of the document <html><body> That's what the XPath expression `/' means <p>Mercury</p> <p>Venus</p> <p>Earth</p> <p>Moon</p> <p>Mars</p> <p>Phobos</p> <p>Deimos</p> </body></html> 17 Anything that isn't in the XSL namespace is copied to the output Like the <html>, <body>, and <p> tags And the whitespace <xsl:apply-templates/> means "go and apply other templates to my children" 18 Declarative [sic] Programming XSL is a declarative programming language Order of templates in .xsl file doesn't matter XSL processor decides what to execute when Richer Selections <xsl:template match="/"> <html> <body> <table> <xsl:apply-templates/> </table> </body> </html> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="body"> <tr> <td class="text"><xsl:value-of select="@name"/></td> <td class="number"><xsl:value-of select="period/@length"/></td> <td class="text"><xsl:value-of select="period/@units"/></td> </tr> </xsl:template> 19 20 In practice, it's like Make You have to have a mental model of execution order in order to debug <xsl:message>...</xsl:message> is your friend But note: there are several XSL-oriented IDEs on the market Greg Wilson 5 CSC309: Web Programming Richer Control <xsl:template match="body"> <xsl:if test="period/@units='days'"> <xsl:if test="period/@length &lt; 100"> <tr> <td><xsl:value-of select="@name"/></td> <td><xsl:value-of select="period/@length"/></td> </tr> </xsl:if> </xsl:if> </xsl:template> Capturing Attributes <xsl:template match="star"> <p id="{@name}">star</p> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="body"> <p id="{@name}">body</p> </xsl:template> <html><body><table> <p id="Sun">star</p> <p id="Mercury">body</p> <p id="Venus">body</p> <p id="Earth">body</p> <p id="Moon">body</p> <p id="Mars">body</p> <p id="Phobos">body</p> <p id="Deimos">body</p> </table></body></html> 22 21 Functions Lots of functions available But no way to define your own... Evaluation A simple way to do simple things But hard things are surprisingly hard Because we're not used to thinking this way? Because we shouldn't have to? Because XSL is lame? abs(), ceiling(), floor(), ... concat(), substring(), upper-case(), ... not() index-of(), remove(), one-or-more(), ... count(), avg(), min(), max(), ... position() A lot of sites: Build XML using a `real' programming language Then apply transforms (often designed by nonprogrammers) 23 24 Greg Wilson 6
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