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HW18-8a-f
Course: ECE 4130, Spring 2008School: Cornell
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of 10-6 Principles Nuclear Reactors Chap. 10 8. Consider a homogeneous, are, spherical, source-free,critical, uranium-fueled b reactor operating at a power Po- Explain how and why the power increases, decreases, r remains unchangedas a result of eachof the separatechangesto o the reactor(a) The reactor is deformed into the shape of a football (ellipsoid). (b) A person stands next to the core. (c) The...
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of 10-6
Principles Nuclear Reactors
Chap. 10
8. Consider a homogeneous, are, spherical, source-free,critical, uranium-fueled b reactor operating at a power Po- Explain how and why the power increases, decreases, r remains unchangedas a result of eachof the separatechangesto o the reactor(a) The reactor is deformed into the shape of a football (ellipsoid). (b) A person stands next to the core. (c) The temperature of the core is raised. (d) A neutron sourceis brought closeto the core. (e) An energetic electron beam impacts the core. (f) The reactor is run at high power for a long time. (g) The core is launched into outer space. (h) A sheet of cadmium is wrapped around the core. (i) The enrichment of the fuel is increased. Solution: (a) kooremains unchanged (property of core material alone). But increasing the surface-to-volume ratio causesthe neutron leakage to increase and hence ~{ and ~~ decreaseand the reactor becomessubcritical and the power decreases. (b) kooremains unchanged,but the personacts as a neutron reflector causing the non-leakage probabilities to increase. Hence, the reactor becomes supercritical and the power increases. (c) Reactors that are licensedto operate must have a "negative temperature coefficient" that so as the core temperature increases keff must decrease causing the reactor to becomesubcritical and hencethe powerto decrease. Increasing the temperature of our hypothetical spherical reactor causes the core to expand. koochangeslittle; but the expanded core has a larger surface area which allows more neutrons to leak from the core. Hence p~ and ~~ decreaseand keff becomes< 1 and the power decreases. (d) A neutron source has no effect on keff! However, in each neutron cycle it adds extra neutrons that are faithfully maintained by the critical chain reaction. Thus, the neutron population increasesin time and the power increaseseven though Keff= 1. (e) Electrons produce bremsstrahlungas they slow down in the core material. These bremsstrahlungphotons can have energiesup to that of the kinetic energy of the electrons. Henceenergetic photons will be produced. These photons can then cause (-r,n) reactions in the core. The photoneutrons then act as a neutron source. As in the previous change, kef!is unchanged but the power increases. (f) At high power levels, fuel is consumed (1] decreases) nd fission products a are produced (/ decreases) o that kef! decreases. Offsetting this effect s
July 24, 2002
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