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Lecture Notes - Intro to Course and the Law

Course: LGLS ?, Spring 2010
School: Bryant
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IntrototheLawand IntrototheLawand CaseStudyMethodology QuestionsoftheDay QuestionsoftheDay 1. TheLaw: Why?(whatpurposesandfunctionsareserved) What?(differenttypesoflawandregulation) Where?(howtofindit) 1. WhatisCaseStudymethodology? SomeTermsandConcepts SomeTermsandConcepts YouShouldKnow: Constitution BranchesofGovernment andRoleinCreating Laws TypesofCourts StatutesLegislative...

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IntrototheLawand IntrototheLawand CaseStudyMethodology QuestionsoftheDay QuestionsoftheDay 1. TheLaw: Why?(whatpurposesandfunctionsareserved) What?(differenttypesoflawandregulation) Where?(howtofindit) 1. WhatisCaseStudymethodology? SomeTermsandConcepts SomeTermsandConcepts YouShouldKnow: Constitution BranchesofGovernment andRoleinCreating Laws TypesofCourts StatutesLegislative RegulationsExecutive CaseLawJudicial CaseTravel Holding Dissent Precedent CivilvsCriminalvs Proceduraltypesoflaw JudicialReview StareDecisis TrialCourt AppellateCourt SupremeCourt StateCourts FederalCourts SettingtheTable SettingtheTable Thescopeandreachoflawandregulation overfinancialinstitutionsisextremely broadandpervasive Purposeofthisclassistoprovideanoverview Therearemanykindsoflawsandregulation Thatcovermanydifferentkindsoffinancial institutions Promulgatedbymanykindsofregulatoryandlaw makingbodiesandagencies,federalandstate TheLaw:Why? TheLaw:Why? Lawandregulationisgenerallycreatedforthree mainreasons: Predictability(Analogytogamerulesexamples: Chess.BankCharter(governsthewaybanksmay operate;rulesofoutcome) Protection(example:RegsBandZprotects consumers) PromotingPolicyi.e.Levelingtheplayingfield, encouraginghomeownership,taxincentives TheLaw:What? TheLaw:What? Variousformsoflaw (distinguishbetweenlawandalaw) (distinguishbetweenregulationandaregulation) Constitution(thepeople)Ultimatelawoftheland Roleofthe3BranchesofGovernment Distinctionbetweenstateandfederallaws StatutoryLaw(thelegislature) Rules,RegulationsandAdministrativepromulgations(the executivebranch) Caselaw(thecourts) ConstitutionalIssues ConstitutionalIssues RelativelyfewConstitutionalIssueswillbe discussedrelativetoFinancialInstitutions Mostsignificantwillbeintheareaofpre emptionwheretheabilityofastateto regulateispreemptedbythefederal governmentandprivacyissues LegislativeBranchStatutes LegislativeBranchStatutes WewilldiscussanumberofLegislativeenactments duringthissemesterexamplesare: BankHoldingCompanyAct FederalReserveAct TheMcFaddenAct RiegleNealInterstateBranchingAct FIRREA SarbanesOxley SecuritiesExchangeActof1933 GrammLeachBlileyAct OverviewofExecutiveBranchAgencies OverviewofExecutiveBranchAgencies whocreateRegulations FederalAgencies StateAgenciesR.I. Banking FDIC OCC OTS FederalReserve NCUAA Securities SEC FTC Insurance Noprimaryregulator Banking DepartmentofBusiness Regulation Securities DepartmentofBusiness Regulation Insurance DepartmentofBusiness Regulation JudicialBranchCourts JudicialBranchCourts StateandFederalCourts Jurisdictionoverapplicablestateandfederallaws higherversuslowercourts:district,circuitand supremefederalcourts;district,superiorand supremeRhodeIslandstatecourts relationshipbetweenfederalandstatecourts TrialandAppellateCourts reviewoflowercourtdecisionsandstaredecisis TheCourts TheCourts Findingsoffactanddecisionsoflaw Discussroleofthejuryandthejudgeinrendering decisions Understandimportanceofapplyingthefactsto thelaw StareDecisis StareDecisis ThedoctrineofStareDecisishastwocomponents: Rule:adecisionmadebyahighercourtisbinding precedent(alsoknownasmandatoryauthority) whichalowercourtcannotoverturn(exceptthat federalcourtsarenotboundbystatecourt decisions.) Principal:acourtshouldnotoverturnitsown precedentsunlessthereisastrongreasontodoso lowercourts.Advisoryinnature,courtscananddo andshouldbeguidedbyprinciplesfromlateraland occasionallyignorethisprincipal. JudicialReview JudicialReview TheCourtsabilitytoreviewastatute(or executivebranchregulation)andrulethatit violatestheConstitutionorsomehigherlaw EstablishedinprincipalbyMarburyv. Madison UsingtheCaseStudyMethod UsingtheCaseStudyMethod Howtoreadajudicialdecision: Travelandsetting(includingdecisionbelow) Facts(establishedbyevidencecriticaltodecision) Law(whatistheapplicablelaw?) QuestionsPresented Reasoning(whichargumentspresentedarepersuasive?) Holding(decisionthewholeenchilada) Dissent Dicta(otherstuffthecourtwantstosayaboutthelaw) CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison HistoryandFactsofCase JeffersonwinsoverPresidentAdamsandFederalists(1800) PassagebyAdamsandlameducklegislatureofJudiciaryAct of1801:creates58newjudgesandauthorizesS/Cttoissue writs JohnMarshallasSecofStateaffixesfederalsealonlast dayofAdamsadministration,butdoesntdelivernew commissions MarshallbecomesChiefJusticeofS/Ct(considereda demotion)andMadisontakesoverasSecofState JeffersonordersMadisonnottodelivercommissions Marbury(oneofthenewjudges)suesdirectlyintheS/Ct (Marshall)askingS/Cttoorderthedeliveryofthe commissions CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison DilemmaforMarshall: WhilehewantstoruleforMarbury(infavorof fellowFederalists),herecognizeshewillbe powerlesstoforcethenewJeffersonadministration todeliverthecommissions,andwillfurtherdamage thecredibilityandpowerofhisownfledglingS/Ctif heissuesawritofmandamusasauthorizedbythe JudiciaryActthatcannotbeenforced. CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison Whatistheapplicablelaw? Constitution JudiciaryActof1801 WhatarethequestionsofLaw? Whataretheholdings CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison CaseStudy:Marburyv.Madison Summary: MarshallrulesthatthepartoftheJudiciaryActthat authorizeswritsofmandamusviolatesthe Constitutionbecauseitexpandsthejurisdictionofthe CourtbeyondwhattheConstitutioncontemplates. But,bystrippinghisowncourtofthatpowerand dismissingthecasebeforetheS/Ct,Marshall establishesthepoweroftheCourttoruleactsof Congressunconstitutional. Significanceofcase:Establishmentoftheprincipal ofjudicialreview. WheretoFindLaws&Regulations Summary Summary Constitution(bythepeople) Statutes(legislative) U.S.(RhodeIsland)(OtherStates) Caselaw(judicial) USCode StateGeneralLaws(RI)(OtherStates) USCourts Regulations(agenciesoftheexecutive) U.S.CodeofFederalRegulations Summary Summary OtherwaystoSlicetheLaw State/Federal Civil/Criminalstatutes Procedural(includingdueprocess)laws(rules) Crimesaredefinedbystatuteonly(legislative) Requirementofmensreaintent Stateisthemovingparty(likeplaintiffincivil) Specificandclearcutelementsofthecrime Comparedtosubstantivelaw BillofRights,AdministrativeProceduresAct SlicingandDicingtheLaw FederalLaw StateLaw ThinkofEachCube(oflaw)ascomprisedof: AConstitution AcombinationofLegislative(statutory),Executive (regulatory)andJudicial(case)law CivilandCriminal AcombinationofSubstantiveandProcedurallaw Varioussubjectmatterareasoflaw TheLaw:Where? TheLaw:Where? DiscussionofResources(linksinBlackboard): Library(andResourcefolderofBlackboard) SearchtoolsforLaw:LexisNexis,LLI, FindLaw RegulatoryInformation:Websitesof regulators(OCC,OTS,FDIC,NCUA,SEC, etc)
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