Rules
Binary Nomenclature Molecular Compounds 2 nonmetals Naming: add prefixes to the beginning of the names indicating the # of atoms of each element (leave off mono- before first element) Name of the 1st element Name of the 2nd element ending in ide
Ex. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and dinitrogen monoxide (N2O) Binary Ionic Compounds a metal cation and a nonmetal anion Naming: no prefixes, determine number of atoms based on balancing the charges Name of cation Name of the anion ending in ide
Ex. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulfide (Na2S) Binary Compounds of Transition Metals a transition metal (varying charges) and a nonmetal Naming: no prefixes, # of atoms based on charges; indicate charge of metal in parentheses Name of transition metal (charge of t. metal in Roman Numerals) Name of nonmetal ending in ide
Ex. Copper (II) chloride (CuCl2) and copper (I) chloride (CuCl) Also in the book, another way to name -ous and ic (lower charge end in ous, higher in ic) Name of the trans. metal ending in ous or ic Name of nonmetal ending in ide
Ex. Cupric chloride (CuCl2) and cuprous chloride (CuCl) Ions Polyatomic Memorize Polyatomic Ions (Table 2.3) and additional Oxoanions (Table 2.4)!!! Naming: the number of the atoms and ions is based on charge; polyatomic ions containing O are oxoanions and end in ate or ite (-ate has more O than ite); group 17 elements form more than two oxoanions, each with a different # of O, and the additional ones are indicated by the prefixes hypo- (smallest # of Os) and per- (largest # of Os)
Name of other element
Name of polyatomic ion
Acids Look out for H, these acids release hydrogen ions when they dissolve in water; some are formed with the polyatomic ions that you memorized in Table 2.3 and some are binary Naming Binary acids: just hydrogen and one other element Prefix hydro- followed by the name of the other element ending in ic Ex. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrobromic acid (HBr) Naming the Acids of Oxoanions: use the names of the oxoanions that you memorized but change the ate to ic and the ite to ous Name of oxoanion but ending in ous or ic Acid Acid
Ex. Sulfuric acid is H2SO4 (oxoanion is SO42-) and HNO2 is nitrous acid (oxoanion is NOs-)