Accounting Financial & Reporting 1 Class Questions 1. CPA-00005 What is the underlying concept governing the generally accepted accounting principles pertaining to recording gain contingencies? a. b. c. d. Conservatism. Relevance. Consistency. Reliability. Explanation
CPA-00005
Choice "a" is correct. Gain contingencies should not be recognized prior to realization as a prudent reaction to the uncertainty surrounding the realization of the gain as reflected in the convention of conservatism. SFAS 5 para. 17, SFAC 2 Glossary and para. 95 Choice "b" is incorrect. Overall the qualities of information apply equally to all accounting information, not just gain contingencies. Relevance is a primary quality of information, which dictates that any information relative to the entity should be reported if it might be useful to the third party user (that is the information is timely with predictive and feedback value). SFAC 2 para. 32 Choice "c" is incorrect. Overall the qualities of information apply equally to all accounting information, not just gain contingencies. This includes consistency, an element of comparability, the secondary quality of information, which specifies that, when a choice of accounting principles has been made, the same principle be used in accounting for subsequent years' transactions. SFAC 2 para. 32 Choice "d" is incorrect. Overall the qualities of information apply equally to all accounting information, not just gain contingencies. This includes reliability, a primary quality, which requires that information, be verifiable, neutral, and representationally faithful. SFAC 2 para. 32 2. CPA-00010 According to Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts, neutrality is an ingredient of: a. b. c. d. Reliability Yes Yes No No Relevance Yes No Yes No Explanation
CPA-00010
Choice "b" is correct. The characteristics of reliability are verifiability, representational faithfulness, and neutrality. The characteristics of relevance are predictive value, feedback value, and timeliness. SFAC 2 para. 62
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 3. CPA-00020 On December 31, 1992, Brooks Co. decided to end operations and dispose of its assets within three months. At December 31, 1992, the net realizable value of the equipment was below historical cost. What is the appropriate measurement basis for equipment included in Brooks' December 31, 1992, balance sheet? a. b. c. d. Historical cost. Current reproduction cost. Net realizable value. Current replacement cost. Explanation
CPA-00020
Choice "c" is correct. Net realizable value is the appropriate measurement basis for equipment included in Brooks' Dec. 31, 1992 balance sheet, because of the decision to end operations and quickly (3 months) dispose of its assets. Choice "a" is incorrect. Historical cost is appropriate if operations were continuing. Choice "b" is incorrect. Current reproduction cost (producing new and substantially identical assets, at current prices, adjusted for depreciation to date) is appropriate in optional supplemental price level financial statements. Choice "d" is incorrect. Current replacement cost (acquiring new and substantially equivalent property at current prices, adjusted for estimated depreciation since acquisition) is appropriate in optional supplemental price level financial statements. 4. CPA-00031 Scott Corporation sold a fixed asset used for operations for greater than its carrying amount. Scott should report the transaction in the income statement using the: a. Gross concept, showing the proceeds as part of revenues and the carrying amount as part of expenses in the continuing operations section. b. Net concept, showing the total amount as an extraordinary item, net of income taxes. c. Net concept, showing the total gain as part of discontinued operations, net of income taxes. d. Net concept, showing the total gain as part of continuing operations, not net of income taxes. CPA-00031 Explanation
Choice "d" is correct. The transaction resulted in a gain, which should be reported using the net concept (i.e., proceeds less carrying amount). This gain resulted in the recognition of an asset not in the ordinary course of business, but it did not qualify as an extraordinary item or as part of discontinued operations. Choices "a", "b", and "c" are incorrect, per the above explanation.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 5. CPA-00052 Which of the following should be included in general and administrative expenses? a. b. c. d. Interest Yes Yes No No Advertising Yes No Yes No Explanation
CPA-00052
Choice "d" is correct. Interest expense is classified as a separate line item on the income statement. Advertising is classified as a selling expense. 6. CPA-00045 During January 20X3, Doe Corp. agreed to sell the assets and product line of its Hart division. The sale was completed on January 15, 20X4 and resulted in a gain on disposal of $900,000. Hart's operating losses were $600,000 for 20X3 and $50,000 for the period January 1 through January 15, 20X4. Disregarding income taxes, what amount of net gain (loss) should be reported in Doe's comparative 20X4 and 20X3 income statements? a. b. c. d. 20X3 $0 $250,000 $(600,000) $(650,000) 20X4 $250,000 $0 $850,000 $900,000 Explanation
CPA-00045
Choice "c" is correct. The 20X3 operating losses would be reported in the 20X3 income statement. The 20X4 operating losses and the gain on disposal would be netted and reported in the 20X4 income statement. Each amount would be reported in the period it occurred. Choice "a" is incorrect. It reports the total projected gains and losses in 20X4 and nothing in 20X3. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred. Choice "b" is incorrect. It reports the total projected gains and losses in 20X3 and nothing in 20X4. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred. Choice "d" is incorrect. It reports the total projected losses in 20X3 and the gain in 20X4. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 7. CPA-00055 On October 1, 20X4, Host Co. approved a plan to dispose of one of the company's operating segments. Host expected that the sale would occur on April 1, 20X5 at an estimated gain of $350,000. The segment had actual and estimated operating losses as follows: 1/1/X4 to 9/30/X4 10/1/X4 to 12/31/X4 1/1/X5 to 3/31/X5 $(300,000) (200,000) (400,000)
In its 20X4 income statement, what should Host report as a loss from discontinued operations before income taxes? a. b. c. d. $200,000 $550,000 $500,000 $900,000 Explanation
CPA-00055
Choice "c" is correct. In its 20X4 income statement, Host would include in its loss from discontinued operations the 20X4 losses but not the projected 20X5 operating losses and not the projected gain on disposal. The 20X4 losses are $500,000 in total. The projected 20X5 operating loss of $400,000 and the projected gain on disposal would be included in its 20X5 income statement. Choice "a" is incorrect. It includes only a portion of the 20X4 operating losses in the 20X4 loss from discontinued operations. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred, and the entire 20X4 operating loss, not just the portion that occurred after the decision date, would be included. Choice "b" is incorrect. It includes all of the projected operating losses and the projected gain in the 20X4 loss from discontinued operations. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred. Choice "d" is incorrect. It includes all of the projected operating losses in the 20X4 loss from discontinued operations. Each amount should be reported in the period it occurred.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 8. CPA-00065 On October 1, 20X3, Wand, Inc. committed itself to a formal plan to sell its Kam division's assets early in 20X4. On that date, Wand estimated that the fair value of the component's assets was $25,000 less than the carrying value. Wand also estimated that Kam would incur operating losses of $100,000 for the period of October 1, 20X3 through December 31, 20X3 and $50,000 for the period January 1, 20X4 through February 28, 20X4. All estimates proved to be materially correct. Disregarding income taxes, what should Wand report as loss from discontinued operations in its comparative 20X3 and 20X4 income statements? a. b. c. d. 20X3 $175,000 $125,000 $100,000 $0 20X4 $0 $50,000 $75,000 $175,000 Explanation
CPA-00065
Choice "b" is correct. The loss from discontinued operations for 20X3 includes the 20X3 operating losses of $100,000 and the impairment loss of $25,000. Since the fair value of the component's assets is less than the carrying value, there has been an impairment of the assets of the component, and the impairment loss is recognized in 20X3, the year in which the component is classified as held for sale. Thus, disregarding income taxes, the 20X3 loss from discontinued operations is $125,000. The loss from discontinued operations for 20X4 includes the 20X4 operating losses of $50,000. If there had been a loss on disposal larger than what had been estimated as the $25,000 difference between the fair value and carrying value of the component's assets, that "additional" loss would have been included in 20X4, the year in which it occurred. Choice "a" is incorrect. It includes all projected losses in the earlier of the two years. That used to be the rule under APB 30 but is no longer the rule under SFAS 144. The results of operations are now included in the period in which they occur; projected losses from operations are not anticipated. Choice "c" is incorrect. It excludes the impairment loss of $25,000 from 20X3. The results of operations of the component, including any loss recognized in recording impairment of the component, are reported in discontinued operations in the period in which the component is either disposed of or classified as held for sale. In this question, the plan to sell the assets was committed to in 20X3, and that would be the period in which the assets were held for sale. At that date, the impairment had already occurred, and the impairment loss is recognized in that period and not in the later period of disposal. Choice "d" is incorrect. It includes all projected in losses the later of the two years.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 9. CPA-00050 During 1994 both Raim Co. and Cane Co. suffered losses due to the flooding of the Mississippi River. Raim is located two miles from the river and sustains flood losses every two to three years. Cane, which has been located fifty miles from the river for the past twenty years, has never before had flood losses. How should the flood losses be reported in each company's 1994 income statement? Raim a. As a component of income from continuing operations b. As a component of income from continuing operations c. As an extraordinary item d. As an extraordinary item CPA-00050 Explanation Cane As an extraordinary item As a component of income from continuing operations As a component of income from continuing operations As an extraordinary item
Choice "a" is correct. Raim - component of income from continuing operations. Because Raim sustains flood losses every two to three years, the flood losses are not "infrequent." Thus, the flood loss is not an "extraordinary item." Cane - as an extraordinary item. Here, the flood losses are infrequent because Cane never before (in the last 20 years) had flood losses. Furthermore, the flood losses are unusual in nature in that they are unrelated to the ordinary and typical activities of the company. Choices "b", "c", and "d" are incorrect, per rules above.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 10. CPA-00098 Midway Co. had the following transactions during 1992: $1,200,000 pretax loss on foreign currency exchange due to a major unexpected devaluation by the foreign government. $500,000 pretax loss from discontinued operations of a division. $800,000 pretax loss on equipment damaged by a hurricane. This was the first hurricane ever to strike in Midway's area. Midway also received $1,000,000 from its insurance company to replace a building, with a carrying value of $300,000 that had been destroyed by the hurricane.
What amount should Midway report in its 1992 income statement as extraordinary loss before income taxes? a. b. c. d. $100,000 $1,300,000 $1,800,000 $2,500,000 Explanation
CPA-00098
Choice "a" is correct. Foreign currency devaluations and losses from discontinued operations are not extraordinary items. The hurricane is an extraordinary item and the loss, net of insurance, is $100,000. Choice "b" is incorrect. The loss from devaluation is not considered to be extraordinary. Choice "c" is incorrect. The hurricane loss is as follows: Equipment loss Building loss Insurance proceeds Hurricane loss APB 30 para. 23 Choice "d" is incorrect. Foreign currency devaluations and losses from discontinued operations are not extraordinary items. When the loss on the hurricane is reported, it should include the $800,000 equipment loss and the $300,000 building loss, net of the $1,000,000 insurance proceeds. $ 800,000 300,000 (1,000,000) $ 100,000
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 11. CPA-00071 Which of the following statements is correct regarding accounting changes that result in financial statements that are, in effect, the statements of a different reporting entity? a. Cumulative-effect adjustments should be reported as separate items on the income statement in the year of change. b. No restatements or adjustments are required if the changes involve consolidated methods of accounting for subsidiaries. c. No restatements or adjustments are required if the changes involve the cost or equity methods of accounting for investments. d. The financial statements of all prior periods presented should be restated. CPA-00071 Explanation
Choice "d" is correct. Financial statements of all prior periods presented should be restated when there is a "change in entity" such as resulting from: 1. Changing companies in consolidated financial statements. 2. Consolidated financial statements vs. Previous individual financial statements. Choice "a" is incorrect. Cumulative-effect adjustments are reported in the retained earnings statement in the year of change. Choice "b" is incorrect. Restatements are required for changes in entity (of subsidiaries). Choice "c" is incorrect. Restatements are required for changes of GAAP involving the cost or equity methods of accounting for investments. Changes from the equity method to the cost method are accounted for prospectively. 12. CPA-00081 For 1991, Pac Co. estimated its two-year equipment warranty costs based on $100 per unit sold in 1991. Experience during 1992 indicated that the estimate should have been based on $110 per unit. The effect of this $10 difference from the estimate is reported: a. b. c. d. In 1992 income from continuing operations. As an accounting change, net of tax, below 1992 income from continuing operations. As an accounting change requiring 1991 financial statements to be restated. As a correction of an error requiring 1991 financial statements to be restated. Explanation
CPA-00081
Choice "a" is correct. The effect of the new estimate of warranty costs (from $100 to $110) is a change in estimate and will be reported in 1992 "income from continuing operations." Rule: Changes in estimates affect only the current and subsequent periods (not "prior periods," not "retained earnings"). Choice "b" is incorrect. An accounting change of "principle" is shown net of tax on the retained earnings statement. Choice "c" is incorrect. Restating prior years financial statements is only required when comparative financial statements are shown for prior period adjustments of subsequently discovered "corrections of errors," changes in entity or changes in accounting principle. Choice "d" is incorrect. The facts stating a new estimate of warranty costs indicate a "change of estimate," not a "correction of an error."
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 13. CPA-00102 One of the elements of a financial statement is comprehensive income. Comprehensive income excludes changes in equity resulting from which of the following? a. b. c. d. Loss from discontinued operations. Prior period error correction. Dividends paid to stockholders. Unrealized loss on investments in noncurrent marketable equity securities. Explanation
CPA-00102
Choice "c" is correct. Comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period except those resulting from owner investments and distributions to owners. SFAC 6 para. 70 and SFAS 130 Choice "a" is incorrect. Loss from discontinued operations is included in net income, which is a component of comprehensive income. SFAC 6 para. 70 Choice "b" is incorrect. Prior period error correction is a change in stockholders' equity not resulting from owner investments and distributions to owners and so is included in comprehensive income. SFAC 6 para. 70 Choice "d" is incorrect. Unrealized loss on investments in noncurrent marketable equity securities is a change in stockholders' equity not resulting from owner investments and distributions to owners and so is included in comprehensive income. SFAC 6 para. 70 14. CPA-00103 Which of the following information should be disclosed in the summary of significant accounting policies? a. b. c. d. Refinancing of debt subsequent to the balance sheet date. Guarantees of indebtedness of others. Criteria for determining which investments are treated as cash equivalents. Adequacy of pension plan assets relative to vested benefits. Explanation
CPA-00103
Choice "c" is correct. The method of determining which assets are considered to be cash equivalents is a significant accounting policy. APB 22 para. 6 Choice "a" is incorrect. Debt refinancing would be disclosed in a separate indebtedness note. Choice "b" is incorrect. Guarantees of other entity's indebtedness would be disclosed in a separate commitments and contingencies note. Choice "d" is incorrect. Information about pension plan assets and pension plan liabilities is disclosed in a separate pensions note.
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Financial Accounting & Reporting 1 Class Questions 15. CPA-00107 For interim financial reporting, a company's income tax provision for the second quarter of 1992 should be determined using the: a. Effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year of 1992 as estimated at the end of the first quarter of 1992. b. Effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year of 1992 as estimated at the end of the second quarter of 1992. c. Effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the second quarter of 1992. d. Statutory tax rate for 1992. CPA-00107 Explanation
Choice "b" is correct. The best, most current estimate of the annual effective tax rate should be used to determine the income tax provision for the second quarter. This rate is the effective tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year of 1992 as estimated at the end of the second quarter of 1992. APB 28 para. 19 16. CPA-00127 The following information pertains to revenue earned by Timm Co.'s industry segments for the year ended December 31, 1990: Sales to unaffiliated customers $ 5,000 8,000 4,000 43,000 60,000 $60,000 Intersegment sales $3,000 4,000 16,000 23,000 (23,000) Total revenue $ 8,000 12,000 4,000 59,000 83,000 (23,000) $60,000
Segment Alo Bix Cee Dil Combined Elimination Consolidated a. b. c. d. Only Dil. Only Bix and Dil. Only Alo, Bix, and Dil. Alo, Bix, Cee, and Dil.
In conformity with the revenue test, Timm's reportable segments were:
CPA-00127
Explanation $60,000 23,000 $83,000 10% $ 8,300
Choice "b" is correct. Only Bix and Dil. Total sales to unaffiliated customers Intersegment sales Total combined sales Minimum reportable segment
Only Bix and Dil qualify as reportable segments. When using revenues as a criteria, a segment must include at least 10% of combined revenues, including intersegment sales. Bix and Dil division revenues exceed $8300 while Alo and Cee division revenues do not. Additionally, Bix and Dil together account for more than 75% of Timm's total sales so no additional reportable segments need to be identified.
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