1 Quiz 1.
Chapter 1
After the horror of 9 /11, many people said causation.
Quiz 2
correlation does not prove
t he CIA and FBI should obviously have foreseen t he l ikelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly i l lustrates: h indsight bias. the
8.
Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by caffeine
2.
When Leanne heard about experimental evidence that orange juice consumption t r iggers hyperactivity in children, she questioned whether the tested children h ad been randomly assigned to experimental condit ions. Leannes reaction best i l lustrates: critical thinking.
consumption?
The experiment
9.
In drug-treatment studies, double-blind p rocedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to: placebo effect
3.
Stacey suggests that because children are more impulsive than adults, they wil l have more difficulty controlling their a nger. Stacey's prediction regarding a nger management exemplifies: an hypothesis.
10. In an experimental study of the extent to
w hich mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the dependent variable.
11. In order to assess whether sense of humor
i s affected by sexual stimulation, researchers exposed marr ied couples to either sexually stimulating or to sexually nonstimulating movie scenes prior to w atching a comedy skit. In this research, t he independent variable consisted of:
4.
Which research technique is most directly useful for avoiding the thinking error k nown as the false consensus effect? Random sampling
5.
Professor Carter observes and records the behavior of grocery shoppers as they select items to purchase. Which type of research is Professor Carter employing? Naturalistic observation
level of sexual stimulation
12. One person in a ten-person group is ten
t imes older than any of the other members. With respect to age, it is most l ikely that the majority of group members
6.
A negative correlation between people's physical health and their marital h appiness would indicate that: higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.
a re younger than the group's:
mean. Median;
13. The _____is a measure of ____.
central tendency
14. Janet has five brothers who are 4, 6, 6, 9,
a nd 15 years of age. The mean age of J anet's brothers is: 8.
7.
Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that the weight of grade school students correlates positively with their reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that body weight enhances reading abil ity, M r. Brown first should be reminded that:
15. Random samples provide ____ estimates
of population averages if the samples have small ____. deviations Good; standard
Quiz 1 1.
Chapter 1
Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had a nswered most of the mult iple-choice questions correctly because "the questions required only common sense." However, t hey each scored less than 60 percent on t he exam. This best i l lustrates: overconfidence. respect to:
Quiz 2
order to achieve greater accuracy with explanation.
9.
Researchers control factors that might i nf luence a dependent variable by means of: random assignment.
10. In a study of factors that might affect
memory, research participants were assigned to drink either an alcoholic or a nonalcoholic beverage prior to completing a memory test. Those who drank the
2.
Psychological theories: organize scientific observations, explain observed facts, and generate hypotheses.
3.
Which research method runs the greatest r isk of collecting evidence that may be u nrepresentative of what is generally t rue? The case study
nonalcoholic beverage participated in the ____ condition. Control
11. In an experimental study of the effects of
d ieting on weight loss, dieting would be t he: independent variable.
4.
Every twenty-fifth person who ordered a subscription to a weekly news magazine w as contacted by market researchers to complete a survey of opinions regarding t he magazine's contents. The researchers were most clearly employing a technique k nown as: sampling. random
12. The ____ can be a particularly
m isleading indication of what is average for a ____ distribution of scores. Mean; skewed
13. The ____ is a measure of ____.
Standard deviation; variation
5.
Surveys are most l ikely to indicate that reckless behavior and self-control are: negatively correlated.
14. Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9,
a nd 10 years of age. The number 5 represents the ____ of the sisters age. Median
6.
A correlation of +.70 between children's physical height and their popularity a mong their peers indicates that: higher levels of popularity among ones peers is associated with greater physical height in children.
15. Differences between two samples are least
l ikely to be statistically significant if the samples are ____ and the standard deviations of the samples are ____. Small; large
7.
A tendency to notice and remember i nstances in which our premonitions of d isaster are subsequently followed by h armful events is most l ikely to contribute to: i l lusory correlations.
8.
Researchers are especially l ikely to use experiments rather than other methods in