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13. on Life's Information: DNA
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Your Results for "Animations Quiz: DNA"
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Summary of Results for Angela Boulinger
Site Title: Krogh, Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 4e Book Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World Book Author: Krogh Location on 13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA Site: Structure, and Replication > Student Home > Animations Quiz: DNA Submitted: September 14, 2010 at 3:18 PM (EDT) 33% Correct of 12 questions
4 corre ct: 8 incorre ct: 3 3% 6 7%
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1.
According to Chargaff's rule, which of the following base-pairings is correct? Your Answer: adenine --thymine C orrect. A and T normally pair.
2.
Which of the follow ing is not part of the nucleotide structure that makes up the DNA molecule? Your Answer: a nitrogenous base Correct Answer: a carboxyl group Incorrect. A nitrogenous base is part of a nucleotide.
3.
During DNA replication one template has the following base sequence AACTGGCTA, what would be the sequence on the complementary strand? Your Answer: GGACTTACG Correct Answer: TTGACCGAT Incorrect. The complementary strand needs to base pair with the template strand.
4.
If you took a normal cell and replaced its thymine (T) w ith radioactive T and you allowed this cell to divide once, which of these results w ould you expect? Your Answer: the DNA in each of the daughter cells w ould be radioactive C orrect. During semiconservative replication each original DNA strand w ill serve as a template to make a complementary new strand.
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What is the correct relationship among DNA, genes and chromosomes? Your Answer: A gene contains many chromosomes w hich are composed of proteins Correct Answer: A chromosome contains many genes w hich are composed of DNA Incorrect. Are chromosome made of proteins?
5.
6.
How do mutations affect an organism? Your Answer: they may cause the development of a disease-causing allele Correct Answer: all of the above Incorrect. Is this the only possible answ er?
7.
DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, we can expect to find a _____ number of mistakes. Your Answer: large Correct Answer: small Incorrect. DNA polymerase makes few mistakes
8.
A female that is planning to become pregnant is concerned about her exposure to environmental mutagens w hich may have caused DNA mutations. In order for these mutations to become heritable, they must affect the: Your Answer: her egg cells C orrect. The gametes are passed to the next generation.
9.
Which of the follow ing would indicate a base pairing mutation in DNA? Your Answer: an A paired with a T Correct Answer: a G paired with a T Incorrect. A and T normally pair.
10.
Genes provide the information needed to produce _____ in the cell. Your Answer: lipids Correct Answer: enzymes Incorrect. Do genes produce lipids?
11.
You have g row n Neuros p ora under a variety o f conditions listed below . You are
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13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA
trying to find a w ild-type variety. Neurospora grow ing on w hich of these media could possibly be of the w ild type? Your Answer: minimal media Correct Answer: the w ild-type Neurospora could grow in any of these conditions Incorrect. Is this the only possible answ er?
12.
How many enzymes are typically produced from a single gene? Your Answer: one C orrect. This is specified by the one gene-one enzyme theory.
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Your Results for "Chapter Post-Test"
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Summary of Results for Angela Boulinger
Site Title: Krogh, Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 4e Book Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World Book Author: Krogh Location on 13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA Site: Structure, and Replication > Student Home > Chapter Post-Test Submitted: September 14, 2010 at 3:17 PM (EDT) 15% Correct of 40 questions
6 corre ct: 34 incorre ct: 1 5% 8 5%
More information about scoring
1.
Which of the follow ing statements correctly indicates the relationship among 1 3.1 What Do Genes Do, and What Are chromosomes, genes, and proteins? ( They Made of? ) Y our Answer: A gene is composed of proteins that are found on the chromosomes Correct Answer: A chromosome contains many genes that encode for proteins. Incorrect. Recall that each chromosome is composed of many genes. See section 13.1 for more information.
2.
Consider the backbone of the DNA double helix. Which of the follow ing statements 13.2 Watson and Crick: The about the structure of the double helix is FALSE? ( Double Helix) Your Answer: It is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. Correct Answer: The DNA backbone forms the central core of the DNA molecule. Incorrect. Recall that the DNA backbone is made of repeating sugar and PO 4 subunits. See section 13.2 for more information.
3.
Genes provide the information needed to produce _____ in the cell. ( 13.1 What Do Genes Do, and What Are They Made of?) ( 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: ribosomes Correct Answer: enzymes Incorrect. Recall the flow of information in a cell. See sections 13.1 and 13.3 for more information.
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How do mutations affect an organism? ( 1 3.4 Mutations )
4.
Your Answer: They may cause the development of a disease-causing allele or a beneficial allele, or they may have no noticeable effect. C orrect. Different mutations have different effects.
5.
Which of the follow ing statements about the process of DNA replication is true? ( 13.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) ( 1 3.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: Adenine pairs with guanine, and cytosine pairs with thymine. Correct Answer: It utilizes DNA polymerase, w hich catalyzes the reaction that adds a new nucleotide to the growing strand. Incorrect. Read about the process of replication in section 13.3 and Figure 13.4.
6.
Which of the follow ing statements describes a DNA molecule? ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement)
13.3 The
Your Answer: If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, tw isted rope ladder, the phosphate groups represent rungs on the ladder. Correct Answer: If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, tw isted rope ladder, the interactions of the nitrogenous bases represent the rungs of the ladder. Incorrect. Read about the structure of DNA section 13.3.
7.
A single chromatid is composed of _________. ( and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: a portion of a DNA strand Correct Answer: a DNA double helix
1 3.3 The Components of DNA
Incorrect. Remember that a chromatid is a single copy of a chromosome. See section 13.3 for more information.
8.
The DNA base sequence TTGCGATCG on the parent strand w ould code for w hich of 1 3.3 The the follow ing sequences on the newly synthesized strand? ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: CCATAGCTA Correct Answer: AACGCTAGC Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing: A pairs w ith T while C pairs with G. See section 13.3 for more information.
9.
According to one of the fundamental rules of base pairings, which of the following 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) base pairings is correct? ( Your Answer: guanine-uracil Correct Answer: adenine-thymine
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13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA
Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. See section 13.3 and Figure 13.3 for more information.
10.
If you took a normal cell and replaced its thymine (T) w ith radioactive T and allowed that cell to divide once, which of the following results would you expect? ( 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: The DNA w ould not be radioactive in either daughter cell. Correct Answer: The DNA in each of the daughter cells would be radioactive. Incorrect. Remember that in replication, one strand serves as a template to produce a new strand. See section 13.3 and Figure 13.4 for more information.
11.
A DNA sample has 20% C, 23% G, 27% T, and 30% A. This sample must have come from ________. ( 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: a pair of homologous chromosomes Correct Answer: a single strand of DNA Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. See section 13.3 for more information.
12.
Why is cancer so much more common in older people than in younger people? ( 13.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: Younger people have much better correcting mechanisms in their replication machinery. Correct Answer: For most types of cancer, it usually takes multiple mutations to occur in a cell before it w ill become cancerous. Incorrect. How many mutations typically must occur for cancer to develop? See section 13.4 for more information.
13.
For a mutation to play any heritable role, it must _______. ( Your Answer: occur in a somatic cell Correct Answer: occur in a germ-line cell
13.4 Mutations )
Incorrect. What sorts of cells are passed from one generation to the next? See section 13.4 for more information.
14.
DNA replication occurs at an unbelievably fast rate. Once replication is complete, a 1 3.3 The Components of DNA _____ number of mistakes are likely to occur. ( and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: average Correct Answer: small Incorrect. Recall that the DNA polymerase has a proofreading mechanism. See section 13.3 for more information.
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13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA
Which of the follow ing would indicate a base-pairing mutation in DNA? ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: a G paired w ith a T C orrect. G and T should not pair. 1 3.3 The
15.
16.
How many enzymes are typically produced from a single gene? ( Your Answer: two Correct Answer: one
13.4 Mutations )
Incorrect. An enzyme is a protein. How many proteins are typically produced from a single gene? See section 13.4 for more information.
17.
A DNA template has the follow ing base sequence: GGTCAATCG. What w ould be the 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and sequence on the complementary strand? ( Their Arrangement) Your Answer: TTGACCGAT Correct Answer: CCAGTTAGC Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. See section 13.3 for more information.
18.
Which of the follow ing statements about gene mutations is FALSE? ( Mutations ) Your Answer: They may have no phenotypic effect on an organism.
1 3.4
Correct Answer: They are responsible for most of the phenotypic differences betw een siblings. Incorrect. Read about the potential outcomes of mutations in section 13.4.
19.
In their Nobel Prize-w inning experiments, Beadle and Tatum exposed fungal spores to X-rays to induce mutations. To test if the spores had actually been mutated, the scientists inoculated various media with the mutated spores. Which 1 3.4 of the following media was used as a control in the experiment? ( Mutations ) Your Answer: minimal medium + vitamins Correct Answer: complete medium Incorrect. Which of these choices does not contain a specific variable to be tested? See section 13.4 for more information.
20.
Which of the follow ing statements about DNA replication is FALSE? ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: It occurs in all living organisms.
13.3 The
Correct Answer: It alw ays produces an exact copy of the entire DNA in the cell.
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13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA
Incorrect. Recall that mutations occur during DNA replication. See section 13.3 for more information.
21.
Which of the follow ing sets is composed of DNA that is most similar? ( 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) ( 1 0.2 The Steps in Meiosis ) Your Answer: homologous chromosomes Correct Answer: sister chromatids before crossing over Incorrect. Read about chromosome structure and DNA replication in section 13.3.
22.
Which of the follow ing statements is consistent with the hypothesis that DNA is the 13.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) molecule of inheritance? ( Your Answer: Gametes get twice as much thymine as the original parent cell. Correct Answer: The amount of each of the four nitrogenous bases varies from species to species. Incorrect. Remember the basic rules of base pairing. See section 13.3 for more information.
23.
If a point mutation occurred during DNA replication, you w ould immediately expect 13.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) ( to see ________. ( 13.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: a change to the DNA template but not the newly synthesized strand of DNA Correct Answer: a change to the new ly synthesized DNA strand but not the template Incorrect. Remember that during DNA replication, a new strand of DNA is synthesized from a template strand. See sections 13.3 and 13.4 for more information.
24.
Mutations that increase trinucleotide repeats in a gene would most likely _________. ( 1 3.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: increase the size of the protein produced from the gene C orrect. The trinucleotide repeats increase the size of the gene, which can increase the size of the protein made from the gene.
25.
A single strand of DNA is a very stable molecule. However, the tw o strands of the double helix are not so stable and are easily separated from each other. The best explanation for this is that ___________. ( 1 3.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: the covalent bonds that hold the strands of the double helix together are w eak and easily broken Correct Answer: the hydrogen bonds that hold the strands of the double helix together are w eak and easily broken Incorrect. What sort of bond w ould allow for the strands of DNA to easily separate? See section 13.3 for more information.
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13. Passing on Life's Information: DNA
26.
A certain organism's DNA is composed of 21% guanine. What percentage of 13.3 The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) thymine does it have? ( Your Answer: Correct 25% Answer: 29% Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. See section 13.3 for more information.
27.
A DNA sequence reads ATCGCTATCGAC. If the fourth nucleotide is changed to a T, 1 3.3 the fourth nucleotide on the complementary strand w ould be _________. ( The Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: G Correct Answer: A Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. See section 13.3 for more information.
28.
The types of mutations that produce new alleles and drive evolution must occur in 1 3.4 Mutations ) __________. ( Your Answer: cells that have a fast rate of mitosis Correct Answer: germ cells Incorrect. Evolution requires that alleles be passed from one generation to the next. See section 13.4 for more information.
29.
If a certain type of Neurospora w as mutated such that it could not synthesize a particular amino acid, on w hich of the following types of media w ould it grow ? ( 13.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: minimal medium Correct Answer: complete medium Incorrect. Which type of medium w ould provide the missing amino acid? See section 13.4 for more information.
30.
The nucleotides in one strand of DNA are attached to the nucleotides of another 13.3 The Components of DNA and Their strand of DNA by _______. ( Arrangement) Your Answer: hydrogen bonds betw een phosphates Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds betw een complementary bases Incorrect. Remember that the two strands of DNA must be able to separate during DNA replication. This means that a relatively w eak bond must be used. See section 13.3 for more information.
31.
If the sequence CATGTA was used as a template in DNA replication, what would 1 3.3 The the sequence of bases be on the new ly synthesized strand? (
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C omponents of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: GTACAT C orrect. Base pairing always results between C and G and between A and T.
32.
A point mutation ___________. (
1 3.4 Mutations )
Your Answer: cannot be repaired Correct Answer: can sometimes be detrimental Incorrect. A point mutation changes a single nucleotide. Read about this type of mutation in section 13.4.
33.
An organism's DNA contains 22% cytosine. How much thymine does it have? ( 13.4 Mutations ) Your Answer: 78% Correct Answer: 23% Incorrect. Recall the rules of complementary base pairing. If an organism's DNA contains 22% cytosine, it should have 22% guanine. What does this leave to be split betw een A and T? See section 13.4 for more information.
34.
DNA replication errors can be corrected by _______. ( DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: DNA polymerase
13.3 The Components of
C orrect. DNA polymerase detects and repairs most errors made in DNA replication.
35.
Which of the follow ing is an appropriate base pairing? ( DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: thymine and guanine Correct Answer: adenine and thymine
1 3.3 The Components of
Incorrect. Which bases pair w ith each other? See section 13.3 for more information.
36.
Which of the follow ing best describes the products of DNA replication? ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement)
1 3.3 The
Your Answer: two strands of DNA, with each strand consisting of some of the old template strand and the newly synthesized DNA Correct Answer: one new strand of DNA and one old template strand of DNA Incorrect. Remember that in DNA replication, two strands of DNA are being used to produce tw o new strands of DNA. See section 13.3 for more information.
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The difference betw een tw o alleles is the result of _______. ( Your Answer: the sequence of nucleotides C orrect. The sequence of nucleotides makes two alleles different from one another. 1 3.4 Mutations )
37.
38.
A gene is ___________. ( of? )
1 3.1 What Do Genes Do, and What Are They Made
Your Answer: all the DNA on a given chromosome Correct Answer: a segment of DNA with information to code for a single protein Incorrect. Read the definition of a gene in section 13.1.
39.
The parts of a nucleotide that do not change are the ____________. ( Components of DNA and Their Arrangement) Your Answer: phosphate groups Correct Answer: sugars and phosphate groups
13.3 The
Incorrect. Remember that a nucleotide is made of a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Which of these parts is variable? See section 13.3 for more information.
40.
If ________ makes an error that is not repaired in its proofreading mechanism, a 1 3.4 Mutations ) mutation w ill result. ( Your Answer: DNA ligase Correct Answer: DNA polymerase Incorrect. Which enzyme is used for DNA replication and proofreading? See section 13.4 for more information.
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DNA Structure and Replication
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Your Results for "Understanding the Basics"
Site Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 3rd Edition Book's Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World Book's Author: Krogh Location on Home > DNA Structure and Replication Site: > End of Chapter Quiz > Understanding the Basics Date/Time September 14, 2010 at 2:11 AM (EDT) Submitted:
Summary of Results
20% Correct o f 10 que stions:
2 corre ct: 8 incorre ct: 2 0% 8 0%
More inform ation about scoring .
1.
James Watson and Francis Crick Y our Answer: proved that DNA contains information for the production of proteins Correct Answer: discovered the structure of DNA
2.
The type of biological study that w as exemplified through the discovery of DNA structure is called Y our Answer: component biology Correct Answer: molecular biology
3.
The components of the DNA handrails are _____ and _____. Your Answer: sugars, phosphates
4.
Which of the follow ing combinations is an example of a nucleotide? Y our Answer: sugar + phosphate + thymine Correct Answer: all of the above
5.
Which of the follow ing DNA sequences contains a mutation? Your Answer: GATA CTCT
6.
If cytosine makes up 26 percent of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an org anism, then adenine would make u p w hat p ercent of the bases?
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Y our Answer: 26 Correct Answer: 24
7.
If DNAs structure is compared to a spiral staircase, then its stair-steps w ould be Y our Answer: free-floating DNA bases bonded together randomly Correct Answer: paired DNA bases, always linking A and T, or G and C
8.
DNA polymerases work to Y our Answer: unw ind the double helix during replication Correct Answer: both c and d
9.
Watson and Crick made their momentous discovery about DNA in _____. Y our Answer: 1973 Correct Answer: 1953
10.
How are the base pairs of the DNA double helix linked together? Y our Answer: basic bonds Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds
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DNA Structure and Replication
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3. DNA polymerases work only in a forward direction. . Answer: True
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DNA Structure and Replication
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Your Results for "Chapter Review Quiz"
Site Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World, 3rd Edition Book's Title: Biology: A Guide to the Natural World Book's Author: Krogh Location on Home > DNA Structure and Replication Site: > Chapter Review Quiz Date/Time September 14, 2010 at 2:10 AM (EDT) Submitted:
Summary of Results
20% Correct o f 20 que stions:
4 corre ct: 16 incorre ct: 2 0% 8 0%
More inform ation about scoring .
1.
Which is NOT true of DNA replication? (level 1) Y our Answer: It occurs in all living organisms. Correct Answer: It always produces an exact copy of the entire DNA in the cell. Incorrect: DNA is a hallmark of all life, and its replication is necessary for reproduction.
2.
Which of the follow ing is true of the process of DNA replication? (level 1) Y our Answer: Adenine pairs w ith guanine, and cytosine pairs w ith thymine. Correct Answer: It utilizes DNA polymerase, w hich catalyzes the reaction that adds a new nucleotide to the growing strand. Incorrect: Adenine pairs w ith thymine, and cytosine w ith guanine.
3.
The DNA base sequence TTGCGATCG on the parent strand w ould code for w hich sequence on the newly synthesized strand? (level 1) Your Answer: AACGCTAGC C orrect: A pairs with T and G w ith C during replication.
4.
Which of the follow ing sets is composed of DNA that is most similar? (level 2) Y our Answer: sister chromatids after crossing over Correct Answer: sister chromatids prior to crossing over Incorrect: Due to shuffling of alleles betw een homologous pairs during crossing over, these may be less similar.
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Which of the follow ing is consistent w ith the hypothesis that DNA is the molecule of inheritance? (level 2) Y our Answer: Gametes get tw ice as much thymine as the original parent cell. Correct Answer: The amounts of each of the four nitrogenous bases vary from species to species. Incorrect: Meiosis halves the chromosome number, and therefore the amount of DNA.
5.
6.
Which is characteristic of mutations? (level 1) Y our Answer: They are random. Correct Answer: All of the above are characteristics of mutations. Incorrect: Is this all that is true of mutations?
7.
Which is characteristic of gene mutation? (level 1) Y our Answer: It may be caused by chemical agents. Correct Answer: All of the above are characteristics of gene mutation. Incorrect: Is this all that is true of mutations?
8.
Which of the follow ing is NOT true of gene mutations? (level 1) Y our Answer: They may result in a genetic disorder. Correct Answer: They are responsible for most of the phenotypic differences between siblings. Incorrect: Disorders such as sickle cell anemia and color blindness result from mutated alleles.
9.
Which of the follow ing statements describes a DNA molecule? (level 1) Y our Answer: If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, tw isted rope ladder, the sugar and phosphate groups w ould represent the rungs of the ladder. Correct Answer: If the DNA molecule is thought of as a rigid, tw isted rope ladder, the interactions of the nitrogenous bases would represent the rungs of the ladder.
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DNA Structure and Replication Incorrect: The sugarphosphate backbone holds the nucleotides within each strand together.
10.
Which of the follow ing is responsible for the accuracy of DNA replication? (level 1) Y our Answer: natural selection Correct Answer: DNA polymerases Incorrect: Natural selection simply chooses w hich alleles will be adaptive.
11.
DNA is which kind of major biological molecule? (level 1) Y our Answer: lipid Correct Answer: nucleic acid Incorrect: No portion of the DNA molecule has any lipid-like component.
12.
The information in DNA is used for the production of ... (level 1) Y our Answer: proteins. Correct Answer: All of the above are correct. Incorrect: Although this is true, is this the only correct answ er in the list?
13.
(level 1) Your Answer: 1. phosphate, 2. sugar, 3. nitrogenous base C orrect: The 4 relatively simple nucleotides are responsible for storing an unimaginably vast library of information in the entire DNA of living organisms.
14.
While looking at its genetic makeup, researchers discovered that there w ere approximately 500,000 cytosine molecules in the DNA of a bacterium. Which of the follow ing w ould w e also expect to be true? (level 1) Y our Answer: There are 500,000 phosphates in the bacterium's DNA.
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DNA Structure and Replication Correct Answer: There are 500,000 guanine molecules in the bacterium's DNA.
Incorrect: Know ing the quantity of cytosine does not provide any clues as to the number of phosphates.
15.
Which of the follow ing enzymes is NOT used to replicate DNA? (level 1) Y our Answer: DNA ligase Correct Answer: DNA synthase Incorrect: DNA ligases are involved in bonding sugar and phosphate groups in replicating DNA.
16.
Why is cancer so much more common in older people than in young? (level 1) Your Answer: For most types of cancer, it usually takes multiple mutations to occur in a cell before it will become cancerous. C orrect: Older people have been exposed to more mutation-causing agents, so they are more likely to have accumulated sufficient mutations to cause cancer.
17.
Which of the follow ing types of organisms DO NOT reproduce using information that is encoded within DNA? (level 2) Y our Answer: animals Correct Answer: All of the above DO use DNA to reproduce. Incorrect: Animals must transfer genetic information to the next generation, and they use DNA to do this.
18.
In their Nobel prize w inning experiments, Beadle and Tatum exposed fungal spores to X rays to induce mutations. To test to see if the spores had actually been mutated, they inoculated a variety of media with the mutated spores. Which of the follow ing media w as used as a control in the experiment? (level 1) Your Answer: nutrient complete medium C orrect: This is w hat is called a "positive" control.
19.
In order for a mutation to play any role in the evolution of a population ... (level 2) Y our Answer: it must occur in a somatic cell.
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Correct Answer: it must occur in a germ-line cell. Incorrect: Mutations that occur in somatic cells cannot be passed on to future generations.
20.
The scientists who are renowned for discovering the molecular structure of DNA are ...(level 1) Y our Answer: Franklin and Mendel Correct Answer: Watson and Crick Incorrect: Rosalind Franklin aided in the discovery of the DNA structure by using X-ray crystallography. Mendel is the grandfather of modern-day genetics.
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