Disorders
Valerie Psychological Miller ClicktoeditMastersubtitlestyle Axia College of University of Phoenix
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Psychological Disorders
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Behaviors or mental processes that are connected with various kinds of distress or impaired functioning. They are not expectable responses to specific events.
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DSM - IV
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
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Categorization of psych disorders in U.S. 5 Axis model adopted in 1980 Axis 1 - Clinical disorders (ex: mood and anxiety disorder) Axis 2
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- Personality disorders (ex: narcissism, antisocial and mental retardation)
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Axis 3 - General medical conditions (ex: physical medical conditions) 4
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Anxiety Disorders
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Includes phobias, panic disorder, generalized anxiety, obsessive- compulsive disorder, traumatic stress disorders.
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Phobias
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Types of phobias include specific phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia. Specific phobia is an excessive, irrational fear of a specific object or situation, such as snakes or heights. Social phobia, also called social anxiety disorder, is a persistent fear of social interactions in which one might be scrutinized or judged negatively by others. Agoraphobia is fear of open or crowded places.
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Panic Disorder
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People experience abrupt attacks of acute, intense anxiety or sheer terror. The attacks come out of the blue at first. Physical symptoms include shortness of breath, heavy sweating, tremors, and pounding of the heart. Not unusual for the person to think they are having a heart attack.
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Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder
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People have recurrent, troubling obsessions, compulsions, or both. The obsessions or compulsions cause personal distress or impaired functioning. Obsession- a recurring thought or image that seems beyond ones ability to control. Compulsion- and apparently irresistible urge to repeat an act or engage in ritualistic behavior such as hand washing
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorder
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Exposure to trauma in the form of physical attacks, combat, medical emergencies, witnessing a death or near death, accidents, and terrorist attacks can lead to post traumatic stress disorder or PTSD. May not begin until many months or years after exposure to trauma. May last for years or even decades afterward. Characterized by anxiety- related symptoms, such as rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety.
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Dissociative and Somatoform Disorders
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Dissociative disorders- separation of mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, identity, memory, or consciousness, processes that make the person feel whole. Dissociative disorders are relatively uncommon, or even rare. Somatoform disorder may present with a physical problem such as paralysis, numbness, or mysterious pain that defies any medical explanation. person may even have a persistent belief
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DissociativeDisorders
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Dissociative amnesia, suddenly unable to unable to recall important personal information about themselves, such as past experiences or even their name. Dissociative fugue, the person abruptly leaves his/ her home or place of work and travels to another place, having lost all memory of his/ her past life. Dissociative identity disorder, two or more identities or personalities, each with distinct traits and memories, occupy the same
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Somatoform Disorder
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Conversion disorder, rare disorder characterized by a major change in, or loss of, physical functioning, such as blindness or paralysis or loss of feeling in a limb. Hypochondriasis, insists that their physical complaints are due to serious underlying illness, even though there is no medical justification to support their concerns.
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MoodDisorders
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Characterized by severer or persistent disturbances of mood. The disturbed mood may take the form of depression or elation. Types of mood disorders include, major depression and bipolar disorder.
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Major Depression
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The cold common of psychological problems. May experience a downcast mood and lose interest or pleasure in activities they might otherwise enjoy. May have difficulty concentrating, changes in appetite and sleep, and may be tearful at times and even contemplate or attempt suicide.
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Bipolar Disorder
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Formerly known as manic depression. Characterized by having mood swings from ecstatic elation to deep depression. May show excessive excitement or silliness, such as carrying jokes too far. May be argumentative. May show poor judgment, destroying property, making huge contributions to charity they can ill- afford, or giving away expensive possessions.
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Schizophrenia
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Chronic, lifelong disorder that corresponds most closely to popular concepts of madness or insanity. Characterized by a break with reality which may take form of hallucination, delusions, and bizarre irrational behavior. They have problems with memory, attention, and communication. Types of schizophrenia include paranoid type, disorganized type, and catatonic type.
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Paranoid Type of Schizophrenia
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They exhibit systematized delusions and, frequently related hallucinations. May show agitation, confusion, fear, and vivid hallucinations that are consistent with their delusions.
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Disorganized Type of Schizophrenia
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Characterized by incoherent speech, loosening of associations, disorganized behavior, fragmentary delusions or hallucinations, and flattened or highly inappropriate emotional responses. Extreme social impairment is common. May exhibit silliness and giddiness of mood, giggling, and nonsensical speech. May neglect their appearance and personal hygiene and lose control of their bladder and bowels.
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Catatonic Type of Schizophrenia
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Exhibit disturbed motor (movement) activity. May slow down to a stuporous state and then suddenly change to an agitated phase. May maintain unusual, even difficult postures for hours, even as their limbs grow swollen or stiff. Feature of this condition is waxy flexibility, in which the person maintains positions into which he/ she has been manipulated by others. May show mutism, but afterward they usually
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Personality Disorders
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Characterized by enduring patterns of behavior. The patterns are inflexible and maladaptive, causing difficulties in social, personal, occupational functioning. The patterns may become a source of distress to the individual or to other people. Types of personality disorders include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, narcissistic
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Paranoid Personality Disorder
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General suspiciousness of the motives and intentions of others and a tendency to interpret other peoples behavior as threatening.
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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Characterized by social isolation and lack of interest in social relationships.
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Schizotypal Personality Disorder
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Characterized by difficulties forming close relationships with others; peculiarities of thought, perception, or behavior, such as excessive fantasy and suspiciousness; feelings of being unreal; or odd usage of words.
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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They tend to have a stormy and tumultuous moods and stormy relationship patterns and have failed to develop a stable self- image.
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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They have an inflated or grandiose self- image. They see themselves as having special talents or beauty and require constant admiration and praise lest their self- esteem plummet.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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They show a flagrant disregard for the interests, needs, and feelings of others as well as for usual social customs and rules.
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Avoidant Personality Disorder
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They have such strong fears of rejection that they are often unwilling to enter relationships outside their immediate families.
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