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The biology of sexual orientation
Course: GE CLUSTER 72a, Spring 2010School: UCLA
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Word Count: 759
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30/11/201015:58:00 Sexualdimorphicdiffbtwmalesandfemales Thebiologyofsexualorientation Complex Complexgenetictraitsthatareconsideredtobecommon,multigenetic disordersthatareofteninfluencedbytheenvironment Traitisageneticdefinition Relatestospecificcharacteristicsofanorganism Diseaseisasocialdefinition Isitatraitoradisease Depression Alcoholism Risktaking Homosexualityadiseaseuntil1973thenatrait...
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30/11/201015:58:00
Sexualdimorphicdiffbtwmalesandfemales Thebiologyofsexualorientation
Complex Complexgenetictraitsthatareconsideredtobecommon,multigenetic disordersthatareofteninfluencedbytheenvironment
Traitisageneticdefinition Relatestospecificcharacteristicsofanorganism Diseaseisasocialdefinition Isitatraitoradisease Depression Alcoholism Risktaking Homosexualityadiseaseuntil1973thenatrait Measuringsexualorientation TheKinseyscale o 06 o 0forheteroand6forhomoand3forbi o attraction o fantasy o behavior o selfidentification inwomentherewasadifferencesbetweenthebisexualwomenwhicharevery lowinmenandsowhatyouhaveis95perisat0inmaleandfemale dependingonthequestionscausesacontroversyaboutthenumbers howdoyoumakeahomo nonbiologicaltheories
o FRUEDdominantmother,absentfather,disruptionofOedipalphase exit,etc o MONEYsocialandfamilyinfluence o CHURCHHILLsexualexperience o FOUCAULTsocialconstructionism o Earlysexualexperienceinfluenceotherthingsbutnotsexual orientation Psychologicaltheories Homoisnotcauseby o Parentalrelationshiporinfluence o Unpleasantheterexperience o Pleasanthomoexperience o Childhoodsexualabuse o Hormonalinfluence Hormonalmaniplationarefarbeyongphysiologicaloccurringvariations Hormonalmanipulationhaveneverchangedsexualpartnerpreferencealone. Inwomenwhentheyhavebeenmanyandrogensthensexualorientation doeschange Cahyouhavealargeamountofandrgenandwhathappensthereisan increaseofsamesexattractioninadultwomenwhoarecahthereisevidence thathormonesdoinfluencesexualorientation.Althoughitisverynarrow. Appliestowomenonly Hormonalinfluence Onlygrosshormonalabnormalities/manipulationaffectsexualorientation
Associationstudieswhenyoureallydontunderstandaphenomenatheytryto findthingsthatcorrilatethetraitorstudyandifyoudofindtraitsthatarelinkedeven thoughyoudontunverstandwhatitmeansthenyoumghtunderstand Fingerlengthration o Usingsexualdimorphic Inwomen2d=4dwhilemen2disoftenshorterthan4d Thissexdiffisgreaterontherighthand
Therighthanded2d:4drationwassignificantlmoremasculine inlesbianwomen Somestudiesfindtheeffectandsomedont Fingerprintasymmetry Otheranthopometrictrait Ageofpuberty Otoacousticemissions Noconsistentresults Penissize Penisesofgaymenarelongerthanheteromen Limitation:measurementerror Handedness o Gaymenhave34%higheroddofbeingnonrighthanded,andlesbian women91%higherodd Birthordereffect Gaymennotwomentendtohavemoreolderborthersnotsisters Eacholderbrotherincresestheoddsofmalehomoby33% Onlybiologicalolderbrothersmatter Lookattheeffectwithbiologicalandnonbiologicalandonlyapplieswhen theyarebiologicalbrothers Onlytrueforrighthandedgaymen Mothersimmuneresponseagainstsuccessivemalepregnanciesblocksmale specificantigen. Everynewmalepregnanciesifitgetssohighatsomepointitwillblock masculineinmalefetuses.
Childhoodgendernonconformity Sexatypicalbehavior Boyswhoweregendernonconformingturnouttobegayandnottransgender Wantedtocrossdressinpublicsayingtheyaregirlsandhangingoutwith them
Brainanatomy Sizediffinthirdinterstitialoftheanteriorhypothalamus Gaymenhadaninahgthatwassmalllikeafemaleasopposedtoamale sizeinahg fMRIstudies hypothalamicactivationtoodors o gaymensimilartoheterowomenandlesbianwomensimilartohetero men o
studyinramsreplicateshypothalamicsixdiff geneticinfluence ifonetwinisgaythesecondisgoingtobe50gaychance pedigreeevidenceforxlinkage linkagestudies o searchforageneticregionthatispassedontoaffectedmemberina familymoreoftenthantothosenotaffected o testingforsosegregationoftraitswithgeneticmarker o requireafamilywithmorethanoneaffectedindividual associationstudies searchforageneticmarkerthatissharedamongstpeoplewithacommon trait requirealargergroupofpeoplewiththetraitandasimilarlylargegroupof closelymatchedcontrols isthereagaygene multipleindirectevidenceforgeneticinfluence difficulttohypothesizeaspecificgeneforhomo hypotheses:geneticsfactorsinfluencingsexualattractiontomen(expressed typicallybywomen)andtowomen(expressedtypicallybymen) hypothesis:gaymenwouldexpressgenestypicallyturnedoninwomen; lesbianwomenwouldexpressgenestypicallyturnedoninmen.
30/11/201015:58:00
30/11/201015:58:00
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