Rhetorical Rhetoric Michele fuco French discipline and punish o o We should admit rather than power produces knowledge Not power is knowledge
Definitions of Rhetoric o Plato skillfull leading of the soul (to heaven) Giving rhetoric a moral component and should be used for good and common wealth of all people
o
Aristole available means of persuasion Points to the here and now symbolizing when rhetoric should be used
Berlos model of communication o Source(encodes)messagechannel(decodes) receiver
Lloyd Bitzer Rhetorical Situation o o o Exigency when you feel a need to respond Audience group of people you think can help you do something Constraints obstacles that are in your way keeping you from being persuasive
Kenneth Burke o Pentad Act what happened? Scene where/when Agent who Agency how EFFICACY your ability to act
Purpose why
Rhetoric that has GOOD FORM will transcended space and time o 3 S to good form Simple direct, straightforward Symmetry balanced and proportioned Structured organized, composition
Cicerro o Rhetorical Canons Invention Arrangement Style Delivery Memory
How do you do rhetorical criticism? o o o o 1) pick a text 2) pick a method 3)apply method to text 4) to discuss
Methods o o Formal criticism form Neo classical criticism/neo artilisian deals with specific audience/ no universal form Semiotics signs and symbols, metaphors, rules, emblems, representationmemory Social criticism relationship, identity Value analysis positive, negative Implied vs. concrete
o o o
o
Narrative analysis story themes PERPETEIA moments in which there is a reversal of fortune/plot twist
o
Psychoanalytic attitudes, beliefs, values, needs Id, ego, super ego
o
Ideological criticism
Maria Miller Stewart essay bout franklin hall speech Religious and political Wasnt ok for women to give political speeches but they were allowed to give political speeches 3 forms of exigence o o o Husband died Swindled away estate by white lawyers Mentor david walker found dead
Religious illusion black jeremiad o o o o Suffering leads to salvation Judgment to the oppressors Becomes path and sacred story Propechy
Structured analogy o o Sire/Syrians Indians/pilgrims
Analogical framework moves African Americans from a position of victims cast apart to those who actively grasping their own salvation are able to take their rightful place: a unified black nation sharing equally with whites as beneficiaries of a common American heritage Feminine style o Personal
o o o o Dred Scott
Relate/identify to connect Detailed examples Providing hope Religious
EROTEMA power of the rhetorical question Rhetorical question answers the question for the audience and controls the gram but doesnt constrict them to that view Metaphor of restriction with heat and fire Parable of talents take power and use it Emphasizes self help encourages audience to help themselves/white arent going to help us they will outline to use for our work
Supreme court ruled that people of African descent imported to US slaves or not were not protected by the constitution and could never be citizens of the US Us congress had no authority to prohibit slavery Applies to blacks and immigrants States cant do it Dred scott influenced by plessy vs. ferguson
13th, 14th, 15th amendments 13th officially abolishes and prohibits slavery 14th (overtuned dred scott decision) o o o o o Made everyone citizens Bill of rights due process Government cant deny due process Born in US you are a citizen Government/state cant deny person life, liberty or property
15th prohibits government to deny a citizen the right to vote
o
Gives them right to vote
IDA B. Wells Lynch law in all its phases People bonded by race instead of social economic status Projected stance of objectivity Didndt have a person motive even though friends were lynched concerned about country Casted herself in role of informer ENARGEIA descriptions hat makes us seems not so much to narrate as to exhibit the actual scene Ocular demonstration practice wherein an event is so described in words that the business seems to be enacted and the to pass vividly before our eyes Good at Enargia for ocular demonstration can describe through words so you can see o Lions cage
Harper womans political future Harper bolsters her arguments on womans political future and womenas suffrage by basing them on the concept of common community of interests Common Community interests (arguments are about) o o o Suffrage rights should be linked to character and education Suffrage must also be understood in the context of womans influence Suffrage carries with it the obligation to resist oppressive acts that deny the civil rights of their Such victims as mob violence
Also confronted areas of conflict where class privilege seemed to take precedence over gender Knew the importance of ranking the conflicting values associated with womens rights, civil rights and there pressing needs of a disenfranchised race
o o
put the needs of black people over those off black and white women reflects the hierarchical principle of competing values
Diva citizenship stages a dramatic coup in a public sphere in which she does not have privilege o harper as a female speaker
belief that education is more important then categories
Mary Church Terrell- Lynching from a negros point of view first black women to receive bachelor degree and masters degree from overland college one of the NAACP founder education was important to her conformity/compliance 4 myths about lynching o Rape is not a cause of lynching o Uses statics to prove Like Wells..is specific
Relationship between social equality If you want social quality why would black men go around raping white women they wouldnt Socialization blacks had to imitate white Education becomes her to way to prevent lynching As a means to further your quality of life
o
Blacks have no moral/ ethical standardsthe capacity ot understand the idference between right and wrong especially in relation to rape Blacks imitating whites how could they not have moral standards
o
Media bias
Reality of lynching
o
Race hatred Taught to you by your parents Result of loss of slaver
o
Lawlessness Stems from same 2 things
Education form of liberation solution
Plessy vs Fersgon Plessy to make seating on trolly cars integrated Picture in trial can be linked to rosa parks separate but equal Went to supreme court to appeal louisianna judges decision
Dana Cloud The Null Persona: race and the rhetoric of silence in the uprising of 34 Null person refers to the self-negotitation of the speaker and the creation in the text of an oblique silhouette indicating what is not utterable people say a lot when they choose to say nothing Rhetoric silence stragetic silence : silence of choice is an active choice Signifiying discourse of straigies from slave talk o o o o Double voice Misdirection Parody (humor) Introduction of the unexpected
1st person rhetor 2nd person audience 3rd person (other) that isnt the audience/people not addressed Four themes o 1) exploitation in general
o
2) black workers in the mill family Domestic role
o o
3) ideology of a corporate family 4) fear of violence as back last to involvement
Death of Innocence 1st day o o o o Christmas of 54 brown vs board of ed just happened Gene comes in the pictureemmett didnt want to have to choose so he didnt between gene and mamie His mom teaches him how to act and behave in south Mamie goes straight to the media
2nd day o Carolyn testiomy o o o o Assault No touching No time
Claim of it not being emmetts body Willie reed Congressman digs Jury selection all happened in one way outcome wouldnt change Knowing ins and outs are important giving defense attorney an advantage
Christine Harold and Kevin Michael DeLuca behold the corpse Persuasion vs. pictures o Persuasion appeals to logic ethos pathos
Ella Jo Baker
Polysemy one text has multiple meanings Human emotion universal Have to put pictures in contact
YNCLWPA NAACP SCLC (martin luther king) SNCC SNCC students who did sit ins Most influential and important in SNCC So what bakers goal was not force change on others but to enable them to seek change for themselves One leader focused vs spade work Problems with hierarchies and structure Theme identification being able to identify with people straight talk FUNDI smart, respected, knowledgeable, role model who passes down their knowledge She hated the one leader foucused o o I.e. MLK brought media attention He would come in and stir emotion but leave and leave people in community in pandemonium
Community organizing vs community mobilizing o Community organizing getting things together prepared o Spade work (dig with a spade) Planning
Community mobilizing Doing
Self determination/individual responsibility teach people to do themselves Invitational rhetoric turns our attention to process rather than end product 2 types of invitational rhetoric (tactic to persuade people, distinct feminine style)
o o
Offfering perspective The creation of external conditions that allow others to present their perspectives Creating a safe environment
Emphasizes self determinationprocess.people have own dreams Rhetoric is inclusive Not prone towards religion Some use of feminine style but also violates it when shes confrontational Argues that women can use rhetoric for change