Points Major We learn by association Simply pairing 2 stimuli is enough to create learning -Learning is influenced by information processing and by our physiology Social Learning Theory We sometimes learn by watching others Examples: Parents Peers Media (commercials, movies) Social Learning Theory Media Example Albert Bandura and the Bobo Doll Study Consider this: After years of television violence research, studies show that there is a greater relationship between TV violence and actual violence than between cigarette smoking and cancer. What is needed for optimal social learning: Observation must be first coded, organized, represented (Behavior leading to good basketball playing) Outcome of behavior should be valued Observer should admire the individual - This leads to what Bandura calls Self-efficacy Memory Sensory(iconic) memory Brief memory store (< 1 sec) Brief Accurate Short-term memory Intermediate memory system that is kept in consciousness (several seconds) Long-term memory Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse the of memory system (varies) Implicit Explicit Key Concepts in Memory: Encoding Processing information into the memory system Storage Retention of information Retrieval Process of accessing memory Encoding Strategies: Rehearsal: The conscious repetition of information to use in short-term memory or encode into long-term memory Chunking: Organizing items into familiar, manageable units Ex: 7734541265 8475745689 3128684083 6305669845
Deep processing: The processing of the meaning of a stimuli versus its more shallow, perceptual qualities Example: Mnemonic devices- Memory aids that use vivid imagery and organizational devices My friend Will Bartlett Explicit MemoryAlso known as declarative or conscious memory Properties: memory consciously recalled or declared Can use to directly respond to a question Two subtypes of explicit memory Episodic Semantic Implicit MemoryAlso known as non-declarative memory Influences your thoughts or behavior, but does not enter consciousness Examples: Ability to drive a car Play guitar