ICYC 3rd 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd International Conference for Young Chemists (ICYC) 2010
INTRODUCTION International Conference for Young Chemists (ICYC) is a biannual conference organised specifically for young chemists by the postgraduate students of the School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang. Due to the overwhelming response from the ICYC 2006 and ICYC 2008 participants and speakers from all over the world, School of Chemical Sciences has decided to continue this biannual tradition for the year 2010. The main goal of ICYC 2010 is to provide an opportunity for young, talented and ambitious chemists to interact, exchange ideas and discuss the contemporary research topics. This conference will be attended by reputed scientists and apart from this scope; it will illuminate and venerate the ideas of young chemists by providing them an international platform and an opportunity for public discourse. It is hoped that the upcoming third ICYC 2010 will make a significant impact on both local and international chemists.
OBJECTIVES To foster a strong communication medium for local and international postgraduate chemistry researchers. To update researchers on the latest trends and developments in interdisciplinary research To facilitate the exchange of ideas and knowledge among researchers.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
SCHEDULE (ORAL AND POSTER PRESENTATION)
DATE TIME 0800-0830 0830-0900 VENUE 0900-0930 0930-1000 1000-1030 1030-1045 1045-1100 1100-1115 1115-1130 1130-1145 1145-1200 1200-1215 1215-1230 1230-1300 1300-1400 1400-1430 1430-1500 1505-1520 1520-1535 1535-1550 1550-1605 1605-1620 1620-1635 1635-1705 1705-1730 0830-0900 0900-0930 0930-1000 1000-1015 1015-1045 1045-1115 1120-1135 1135-1150 1150-1205 1205-1220 1220-1235 1235-1305 1305-1400 1400-1415 1415-1430 1430-1445 1445-1500 1500-1515 1515-1530 1530-1550 1550-1600 1600-1615 1615-1630 1630-1645 1645-1700 1700-1715 1715-1745 1745-1800 2000-2300 0830-0915 0915-0930 0930-0945 0945-1000 1000-1015 1015-1030 1030-1045 1045-1110 1110-1215 PROGRAMME REGISTRATION (PENANG) OPENING CEREMONY (PENANG) JOHOR SELANGOR MELAKA
PENANG KN-01 KN-02 KN-03 KN-04 ENV-O1 ENV-O2 ENV-O3 ENV-O4 ENV-O5
HORIZON
KUANTAN
LABUAN
REFRESHMENTS POSTER 1 (1100-1200) PENANG FOYER PHY-O1 PHY-O2 PHY-O3 PHY-O4 PHY-O5 POLY-O6 POLY-O7 POLY-O8 POLY-O9 POLY-O10 ORG-O19 ORG-O20 ORG-O21 ORG-O22 PHY-O6 PHY-O7 PHY-O8 PHY-O9 PHY-O10 ANA-O1 ANA-O2 ANA-O3 ANA-O4 ANA-O5 ANA-O6 KN-05 MAT-O1 MAT-O2 MAT-O3 MAT-O4 MAT-O5 KN-06 IND-O1 IND-O2 IND-O3 IND-O4 IND-O5 Q&A LUNCH ORG-O1 ORG-O2 ORG-O3 ORG-O4 ORG-O5 ORG-O6 INO-O1 INO-O2 INO-O3 INO-O4 INO-O5 INO-O6 INO-O17
DAY 1 23/6/10 (WEDNESDAY)
KN-09 ORG-O7 ORG-O8 ORG-O9
KN-24 INO-O7 INO-O8 INO-O9 INO-O18
KN-10 ANA-O7 ANA-O8 ANA-O9 ANA-O10 Q&A REFRESHMENTS
KN-11 KN-12 KN-13 REFRESHMENTS KN-14 KN-15 ENV-O11 ENV-O12 ENV-O13 ENV-O14 ENV-O15 POSTER 3 (1130-1230) PENANG FOYER
KN-16 MAT-O11 MAT-O12 MAT-O13
KN-17 ANA-O11 ANA-O12 ANA-O13
DAY 2 24/6/10 (THURSDAY)
ORG-O10 ORG-O11 ORG-O12 ORG-O13 ORG-O14 Q&A LUNCH KN-19 ORG-O15 ORG-O16 ORG-O17 ORG-O18 Q&A REFRESHMENTS KN-21
NAT-O1 NAT-O2 NAT-O3 NAT-O4 NAT-O5
POLY-O1 POLY-O2 POLY-O3 POLY-O4 POLY-O5
NAT-O6 NAT-O7 NAT-O8 NAT-O9 NAT-O10
KN-18 ANA-O14 ANA-O15 ANA-O16 ANA-O17
ENV-O16 ENV-O17 ENV-O18 ENV-019 ENV-O20
MAT-O14 MAT-O15 MAT-O16 MAT-O17 MAT-O18
ENV-O21 ENV-O22 ENV-O23 ENV-O24 ENV-O25
KN-20 INO-O11 INO-O12 INO-O13
IND-O8 IND-O9 IND-O10 Q&A PHOTOGRAPHY SESSION DINNER (PENANG BALLROOM) REFRESHMENTS
POLY-11 POLY-O12 POLY-O13 POLY-O14 POLY-O15
ANA-O18 ANA-O19 ANA-O20 ANA-O21
PLENARY KN-22 ANA-O22 ANA-O23 ANA-O24 KN-23 NAT-O11 ORG-O23 ORG-O24 MAT-O19 MAT-O20 MAT-O21 MAT-O22 MAT-O23 KN-25 ENV-O26 ENV-O27 ENV-O28 ENV-029 ENV-O30 POLY-O16 POLY-O17 POLY-O18 POLY-O19 POLY-O20
DAY 3 25/6/10 (FRIDAY)
INO-O14 INO-O15 INO-O16 Q&A POSTER AWARD AND CLOSING CEREMONY
ANA: ANALYTICAL ENV: ENVIRONMENTAL
IND: INDUSTRIAL INO: INORGANIC
MAT: MATERIAL NAT: NATURAL PRODUCT
ORG: ORGANIC OTH: OTHERS
POLY: POLYMER PHY: PHYSICAL
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POSTER 2 (1500-1600) PENANG FOYER
KN-07 KN-08 ENV-O6 ENV-O7 ENV-O8 ENV-O9 ENV-O10
IND-O6 IND-O7 OTH-O1 OTH-O2 OTH-O3 OTH-O4
MAT-O6 MAT-O7 MAT-O8 MAT-O9 MAT-O10
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
CONFERENCE SCHEDULE
DAY 1: 23rd June 2010/WEDNESDAY
TIME 0800-0830 0830-0900 0900-1030 1030-1045 1045-1300 1300-1400 1400-1500 1505-1705 1705-1730 PROGRAM Registration Opening Ceremony Keynote Session 1 Refreshments Oral Presentation Session 1/ Poster Session 1 Lunch Keynote Session 2 Oral Presentation Session 2/ Poster Session 2 Refreshments
DAY 2: 24th June 2010/THURSDAY
TIME 0830-1000 1000-1015 1015-1120 1120-1305 1305-1400 1400-1150 1550-1600 1600-1745 1745-1800 2000-2300 PROGRAM Keynote Session 3 Refreshments Keynote Session 4 Oral Presentation Session 3/ Poster Session 3 Lunch Oral Presentation Session 4 Refreshments Oral Presentation Session 5 Photography Session Dinner
DAY 3: 25th June 2010/FRIDAY
TIME 0830-0915 0915-0930 0930-1110 1110-1215 PROGRAM Plenary Session Refreshments Oral Presentation Session 6 Poster Award and Closing Ceremony
DAY 4: 26th June 2010/SATURDAY
TIME 0830-1800 PROGRAM Post-conference Tour - Please register during registration for those who are interested
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
SCHEDULE
DAY 1: 23rd June 2010/WEDNESDAY
KEYNOTE SESSION 1
Session Chairman: Prof Wan Ahmad Kamil Mahmood Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE THE SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND IMMUNE REGULATING 0900-0930 KN-01 PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL MANNOSIDES D.S. Larsen APPLICATION OF THE BIOREFINERY CONCEPT: CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS TO BIOFUELS AND 0930-1000 KN-02 BIOMATERIALS Nicolas Brosse NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM SOME INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL 1000-1030 KN-03 PLANTS Wong Keng Chong
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 1
Session Chairman: Assoc Prof Dr Mohd Jain Noordin Mohd Kassim Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE INSTITUT KIMIA MALAYSIA AND CHEMISTRY AS A PROFESSION 1045-1115 KN-04 IN MALAYSIA Soon Ting Kueh DETERMINATION OF HAZARDOUS TRACE METALS IN MIXED 1115-1130 ENV-O1 PLASTICS WASTE Mohammad N. Siddiqui REMOVAL OF TOXIC METALS USING SEMI-REFINE 1130-1145 ENV-O2 CARRAGEENAN AND MODIFIED SEMI-REFINE CARRAGEENAN Wong Hai Fatt BASIC AND REACTIVE DYES SORPTION ENHANCEMENT OF RICE 1145-1200 ENV-O3 HULL THROUGH CHEMICAL MODIFICATION Lee Weng Nam ENVIROMENTALLY BENIGN SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 1200-1215 ENV-O4 Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES Shah COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BAFFLED AND 1215-1230 ENV-O5 UNBAFFLED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN NITROGEN REMOVAL Tee Heng Chong
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 1
Session Chairman: Ms Ngoh Ying Shin Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE INTERVARIETIAL VARIATION IN NUTRITIONAL AND 1045-1100 ANA-O1 ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L.) Abdullah Ijaz Hussain INTERVARIETIAL VARIATIONS IN PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DRY PEAS 1100-1115 ANA-O2 (PISUM SATIVUM L.) Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha DEVELOPMENT OF MODIFIED ELECTRODES FOR THE MECHANISTIC STUDY OF LIPOXYGENASE AND FATTY ACIDS OF 1115-1130 ANA-O3 COOKING PALM OIL Zahraa. A. Jarjes METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN SEVERAL PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS USING 1130-1145 ANA-O4 RP-HPLC-UV/Vis Mohammed Akkbik ADVANCES IN COLUMN TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF 1145-1200 ANA-O5 AFLATOXINS AND FUMONISINS Wejdan Shakir Khayoon SEPARATION OF CHIRAL COMPOUNDS USING CAPILLARY 1200-1215 ANA-O6 ELECTROPHORESIS Khaldun Mohammad Mitlaq Al Azzam
Session Chairman: Dr Rosenani A. Haque Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN THE USE OF RICE HUSK SILICA AS A SUPPORT FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST-THE OXIDATION 1045-1115 KN-05 OF BENZENE AND PHENOL AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Farook Adam DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NIOBIUM SUBSTITUTED BISMUTH 1115-1130 MAT-O1 TANTALATE Azlini Manshor THE POTENTIAL OF UNCARIA GAMBIR AND CATECHIN HYDRATE AS GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR: A COMPARITIVE 1130-1145 MAT-O2 STUDY Mohd Hazwan Hussin INFLUENCE OF 1-AMINO-9-OCTADECENE SURFACTANT ON THE 1145-1200 MAT-O3 SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh INVESTIGATIONS OF BLOCK CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHAIN SHUTTLING POLYMERIZATION USING HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC 1200-1215 MAT-O4 GENETIC ALGORITHM Zahid Khokhar ESTERIFICATION VIA SACCHARINE MEDIATED SILICA SOLID 1215-1230 MAT-O5 CATALYST Kasim Mohammed Hello 5
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 1
Session Chairman: Dr Naseer El-Taher Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE A NEWLY WATER SOLUBLE LIGNIN GRAFT COPOLYMER FROM OIL PALM LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE FOR HYDROCARBON 1045-1115 KN-06 DRILLING OPERATION Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim BENCH TESTS EVALUATION ON THE IMPACT OF BIODIESEL 1115-1130 IND-O1 FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER TO LUBRICANT PERFORMANCE Norhidayah Ahmad Wazir NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PALM OIL ESTERS FOR TRANSDERMAL 1130-1145 IND-O2 DELIVERY OF KETOPROFEN M.H.Fatima Sakeena TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM OLEIN INTO BIODIESEL 1145-1200 IND-O3 USING WASTE BOILER ASH AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST Siew Seok Yee CHEMICALLY MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN BIOPOLYMER AND ITS INDUSTRIALLY APPLICATION AS A HYDROCARBON DRILLING 1200-1215 IND-O4 WELL ADDITIVE Mohamed-Rashid Ahmed Haras EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION SOLVENTS ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF MANGROVE TANNINS 1215-1230 IND-O5 (RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) Tan Kang Wei
Session Chairman: Ms Hanani Yazid TIME 1045-1100 CODE ORG-O1
Venue: MELAKA
1100-1115
ORG-O2
1115-1130
ORG-O3
1130-1145
ORG-O4
1145-1200
ORG-O5
1200-1215
ORG-O6
TITLE IMPROVED LOW TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF 2-ALKYL 9HYDROXY-10-ACYLOXYSTEARATE DERIVATIVES Nadia Salih DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL CONDENSED QUINOLINES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS G. K. Nagaraja METALLATION OF SOLOCHROME CYANINE R USING METALLATED AGENTS TO FORM COMPOUNDS HAVING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES Mai A. Osman PROLINE-BASED CHIRAL IONIC LIQUIDS AS AN EFFECTIVE ORGANOCATALYSTS FOR ASYMMETRIC MICHAEL REACTIONS Emmy Maryati Omar SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATIONS, LIQUID CRYSTAL PROPERTIES OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS Mohammad AbdulKarim Talaq MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION AS A TOOL FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY REACTION ON NATURAL COMPOUNDS Sadia Sultan
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 1
Session Chairman: Ms Gunasunderi Raju Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 1045-1100 INO-O1 OF SOME INDOLE SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES Mohamed Mustafa THERMAL STABILITY STUDY ON PHENOXO IRON (III) COMPLEXES 1100-1115 INO-O2 Ramadan Ali Bawa SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH VITAMIN K3-21115-1130 INO-O3 HYDRAZINOPYRIDINE: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF VITAMIN K3-2-HYDRAZINOPYRIDINE [VHZP] Dayang Norafizan binti Awang Chee SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF HYDROTHERMALLY 1130-1145 INO-O4 DERIVED COBALT ORTHOTITANATE GREEN PIGMENT Natthawat Semakul MICROWAVE-ASSISTED AMMONOTHERMAL PREPARATION OF 1145-1200 INO-O5 CHROMIUM-DOPED ZIRCON PIGMENTS Sireenart Surinwong SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL IONIC 1200-1215 INO-O6 LIQUIDS: [Cu2(RCOO)3(p-H3NC6H4COO)](RCOO) Ahmad Nazeer Che Mat SYNTHESIS AND FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF COPPER (II) 1215-1230 INO-O17 COMPLEXES OF ALKYL AND ARYL PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES Edura Badaruddin
KEYNOTE SESSION 2
Session Chairman: Prof Farook Adam Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE TEACHING GREEN CHEMISTRY: 1400-1430 KN-07 METRICS FOR EVALUATING SYNTHESIS SCHEMES Stephan Jaenicke CASCADE CATALYSIS: A GREEN APPROACH TO THE FORMATION 1430-1500 KN-08 OF MENTHOLS AND 4-ALKYLCYCLOHEXANOLS Gaik-Khuan Chuah
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 2
Session Chairman: Ms Noorul Ain Akib Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL ONTO CHEMICALLY- AND THERMALLY-MODIFIED RICE HUSKS: 1505-1520 ENV-O6 EQUILIBRIUM, THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC STUDIES Khor Siok Moi OPTIMIZATION OF AQUEOUS ENZYME-ASSISTED HEMPSEED OIL 1520-1535 ENV-O7 EXTRACTION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY Sajid Latif THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL ON 1535-1550 ENV-O8 NITROGEN REMOVAL IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM Lim Jun Wei ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTAL MERCURY 1550-1605 ENV-O9 ONTO PURE AND FUNCTIONALIZED-SILICA GELS Khairiraihanna Johari ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF MERCURY ADSORBENTS USING 1605-1620 ENV-O10 ORGANOSILANES AS PRECURSORS Norasikin Binti Saman
Session Chairman: Assoc Prof Dr Hasnah Osman Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE NITROALKANES AS STARTING CARBANIONS IN THE MICHAEL 1505-1535 KN-09 REACTION Roberto Ballini NEW MUTANTS OF THERMOANAEROBACTER ETHANOLICUS SECONDARY ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN ASYMMETRIC 1535-1550 ORG-O7 SYNTHESIS OF PHENYL-RING-CONTAINING ALCOHOLS Musa Mohammed Musa SELF-ASSEMBLY OF CONICAL DENDRONS INTO 1550-1605 ORG-O8 SUPRAMOLECULAR HOLLOW SPHERES Mohammad Raziq Al Imam ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SYNTHETIC JUGLONE 1605-1620 ORG-O9 DERIVATIVES Daniel Tan Teoh Chuan
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 2
Session Chairman: Ms Yeo Siew Yean Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE STUDY OF HYDROGEN UPTAKE ON Pt/MoO3 1505-1520 MAT-O6 Sharifah Najiha bt. Timmiati LIQUID-PHASE ALKYLATION OF PHENOL OVER SOLID SULFANILIC 1520-1535 MAT-O7 ACID CATALYST Tamar H. Ali LOW TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF ZnSnO3 1535-1550 MAT-O8 Muna Hamad Salim Al-Hinai MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 1550-1605 MAT-O9 CALCIUM DOPED CERIA SYSTEM Ong Poh Shing OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL CELLS INTERACTION OF 1605-1620 MAT-O10 ZINC SELENIDE NANOPARTICLES Sabar D. Hutagalung
Session Chairman: Ms Suriani Yaacob Venue: MELAKA TIME CODE TITLE STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE AND SODIUM LAURYL ETHOXYLATE SULPHATE IN A MIXED 1505-1520 IND-O6 SURFACTANT SYSTEM Ng Siew Ling PYROLYSIS OF RESIDUAL PALM OIL IN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY BY TUBULAR FURNACE AND ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTS BY GC1520-1535 IND-O7 MS Norzahir Bin Sapawe PARAMETRIC STUDY FOR THE GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM METHANE VIA FLOATING CATALYST 1535-1550 OTH-O1 CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE IN A HORIZONTAL REACTOR Mehrnoush Khavarian EFFECT OF VARING LEVELS OF N-6 : N-3 FATTY ACID RATIO ON PLASMA FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND PROSTANOID 1550-1605 OTH-O2 SYNTHESIS IN PREGNANT RATS Amira Abdulbari Ali SELF-ASSEMBLY FORMATION OF PALM-BASED ESTERS NANO1620-1635 OTH-O3 EMULSION:A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY Huan Qiu Yi EFFECTS OF XYLOPIA FERRUGINEA EXTRACT ON THE CORROSION 1635-1650 OTH-O4 INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN 1M HYDROCHLORIC ACID Wan Elyn Amira Wan Adnan
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 2
Session Chairman: Prof Norita Mohamed Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE HOLLOW FIBRE-LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION: GREEN SAMPLE PREPARATION STRATEGY FOR THE ANALYTICAL 1505-1535 KN-10 DETERMINATION OF SELECTED ANALYTES Bahruddin Saad BIODIESEL POTENTIAL OF MILO (THESPESIA POPULNEA) SEED 1535-1550 ANA-O7 OIL IN PAKISTAN Umer Rashid CAPACITIVELY COUPLED CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY AS HIGH 1550-1605 ANA-O8 PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTOR Ahmad Makahleh THE ELECTROCATALYSIS Of GLYCEROL OXIDATION IN ALKALINE MEDIUM ON HCP NICKEL NANOCRYSTAL MODIFIED COMPOSITE 1605-1620 ANA-O9 GRAPHITE ELECTRODE Ramin Mohammad Ali Tehrani QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF DEFERIPRONE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID 1620-1635 ANA-O10 CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY Mateen Abbas
Session Chairman: Dr Afidah Abd. Rahim Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE IONIC LIQUIDS-YOUR GREEN SOLUTION 1505-1535 KN-24 Cecilia Devi Wilfred SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING ACTIVITY OF ORGANOTIN(IV) CARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES 1535-1550 INO-O7 DERIVED FROM 3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BENZOIC ACID Yip Foo Win SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC BEHAVIOUR OF TUNGSTEN CONTAINING SILICA FROM RICE HUSK IN THE LIQUID 1550-1605 INO-O8 PHASE OXIDATION OF STYRENE Mohammad Anwar Mohamed Iqbal SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH 2-HYDROXY-1-NAPHTHALDEHYDE-41605-1620 INO-O9 HYDROXYBENZHYDRAZONE LIGAND. X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF [ Bu2Sn(HNHBH) ] Norrihan Binti Sam ENCAPSULATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN MESOPOROUS 1620-1635 INO-O18 METHYL-SILICA HYBRID BY SOL-GEL PROCESS Sriyanti
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
DAY 1: 23rd June 2010/WEDNESDAY
SCHEDULE: POSTER PRESENTATION SESSION 1 TIME: 1100-1300 VENUE: PENANG BALLROOM FOYER
CODE INO-P1 TITLE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES OF SOME BENZOYLHYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES Nura Suleiman Gwaram PREPARATION AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES OF N-PHENYL-M-METHOXYBENZOHYDROXAMIC ACID Abdualbasit Graisa CYTOTOXICITY OF INDOLE SCHIFF BASE AND THEIR COPPER(II) AND NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES Nazzatush Shimar Jamaludin COORDINATION BEHAVIOUR OF ACETYLACETONE-DERIVED SCHIFF BASES TOWARDS RHENIUM (I), (III) AND (V) Abubak'r Abrahams SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF CADMIUM(II) AND PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES OF 2-ACETYLBENZOTHIOPHENE 4-METHYL-3THIOSEMICARBAZONE Safaa Faris Kayed ANALYSIS OF HETEROCYCLIC TETRAORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY Yap Quai Ling SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NEW COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH 1,4,8,11-TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECANE AND ISOMERIC C15H31COO- LIGANDS Nur Syamimi Bt. Ahmad Tajidi SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC(II) AND COPPER(II) METAL COMPLEXES OF SOME BENZOYL HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES Siti Munirah Saharin SYNTHESIS, REACTIONS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF SOME TRIORGANOTIN CARBOXYLATE WITH BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Thong Pui Yee SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZYLTIN COMPLEXES Thy Chun Keng SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (E)-1-((2-AMINO-5NITROPHENYLIMINIO)METHYLNAPHTHALEN-2-OLATE Abeer Mohamed Farag SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF OXIDOVANADIUM(IV) AND OXIDOVANADIUM(V) COMPLEXES Wong Hon Wee SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIDENTATE AZOMETHINE SERIES AND THEIR CU(II) AND NI(II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM GUANIDINE Nurdini Noordin
INO-P2
INO-P3
INO-P4
INO-P5
INO-P6
INO-P7
INO-P8
INO-P9
INO-P10
INO-P11
INO-P12
INO-P13
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE INO-P14
INO-P15
INO-P16
INO-P17
INO-P18
INO-P19
INO-P20
MAT-P1
TITLE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LUMINESCENT LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES WITH BENZOIC ACID AND 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE Ooi Ping Howe SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND OXIDATIVE DNA CLEAVAGE STUDY OF MIXED LIGAND COPPER(II) COMPLEX WITH HETEROCYCLIC BASE Tan Yi Han COPPER COORDINATION EFFECT ON FLUORESCENCE OF 2-N-(MMETHYL)ANILINOPYRIDINE Mohd Fairuz Bin Zainal Abidin HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESES, THERMAL AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF THREE NOVEL ERBIUM DICARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zuber FRIEDEL CRAFTS ALKYLATION OF PHENOL WITH TERT-BUTANOL USING SUPPORTED HETEROPOLY ACID CATALYSTS Hsui-Ling Hsu HIGHLY ACTIVE AND REUSABLE CATALYST FOR FRIES REARRANGEMENT OF PHENYL ACETATE Chen Ching-Feng THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF TERMINALLY THIOL-FUNCTIONALIZED CHOLESTERYL ESTER Lee Huey Charn EFFECT OF RED PALM OIL ON LIPID PROFILES OF RATS Eqbal Mohahammed Abdu Dauqan PREPARATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL BEHAVIOR OF TITANIA (NI-CU ALLOY DOPED TIO2) POWDER Yetria Rilda SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERISATION AND CATALYTIC STUDIES ON RICE HUSK ASH SILICA, SUPPORTED ON GUANIDINE, UREA AND SACCHARINE-COBALT Muazu Samaila Batagarawa IRON, TIN AND COPPER INCORPORATED RICE HUSK SILICA: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS CATALYTIC ACTIVITY Ishraga Abdel Moniem Hassan SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF 6,6'-DITERT-BUTYL-2,2'-[1,2-PHENYLENEBIS(NITRILOMETHYLIDYNE)]DIPHENOL SCHIFF BASE: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY TO TOWARDS APPLICATION AS ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES Naser Eltaher Eltayeb SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS FROM RICE HUSK ASH: AN INITIAL STUDY ON RUTHENIUM INCORPORATION INTO MCM-41 Jimmy Nelson INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY PARAMETERS OF NLC PREPARED WITH HOT HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS BY USING TAGUCHIS METHOD Pao-Chi Chen INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK POWDER LOADING ON CURING CHARACTERISTICS AND FATIQUE LIFE OF RICE HUSK POWDER FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES Supalak Attharangsan 12
MAT-P2
MAT-P3
MAT-P4
MAT-P5
MAT-P6
MAT-P7
MAT-P8
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
CODE MAT-P9
TITLE VANADIUM INCORPORATED RICE HUSK SILICA CATALYST FOR THE LIQUIDPHASE OXIDATION OF ACETOPHENONE Chew Thiam Seng COBALT INCORPORATED SILICA CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATION OF PHENOL Jeyashelly A/P Andas THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CrAg BIMETALLIC HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATION OF n-HEPTANE Arvin Ramasanthiran THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OPAQUE DENTAL PORCELAIN POWDER AS FILLER IN DENTURE BASE POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) Asam M. A. Abudalaziz SIMPLE TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE THE DENSITY OF SHAPELESS MATERIALS BY VACUUM SYSTEM Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDE-ZIRCONIA CATALYST BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY Nurun Najwa Binti Ruslan THE PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF AZACALIX[4]ARENES INCORPORATED ONTO RICE HUSK ASH SILICA Sek Kei Lin IRON AMINO PYRIDINE COMPLEX HETEROGENIZED ON MESOPOROUS SILICA Kueh Chien Wen GENERATION OF HYDROGEN MOLYBDENUM BRONZE FROM HYDROGEN OVER Pt/MoO3 Sharifah Najiha bt. Timmiati THERMAL DEGRADATION OF NATIVE AND HYDROLYZED SODA LIGNINS EXTACTED FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH Ebrahim Akbarzadeh TERT-BUTYLATION OF PHENOL USING HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITIC MATERIAL WITH ZSM-5 STRUCTURE Rosilda Selvin FABRICATION OF HIERARCHICAL POROUS NANOCRYSTALLINE TS-1 FOR THE BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME De-Yu Chen CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAF OF ALPINIA MUTICA Nor Akmalazura Jani SECONDARY METABOLITIES AND BIOACTIVITY STUDIES OF (GARCINIA GRIFFITHII T.ANDERS) (KANDIS GAJAH) Tara K. Jalal EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPONENT ON PARTICLEBOARD PROPERTIES MANUFACTURE FROM OIL PALM TRUNK PARTICLES Nurrohana Binti Ahmad EUGENOL: A NATURAL PRODUCT IN CLOVE THAT INHIBITS MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI AND MYCOTOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN RICE GRAINS K.R.N. Reddy
MAT-P10
MAT-P11
MAT-P12
MAT-P13
MAT-P14
MAT-P15 MAT-P16 MAT-P17
MAT-P18
MAT-P19
MAT-P20
NAT-P1
NAT-P2
NAT-P3
NAT-P4
13
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE NAT-P5
NAT-P6
NAT-P7
NAT-P8
TITLE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PREDNISOLONE AS A TOOL FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY REACTION Mohd Zaimi Bin Mohd Noor ISOLATION OF MINOR BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM A MALAYSIAN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI Rasha Saad Abdelgadir Soliman POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CURRY LEAF (MURRAYA KOENIGII L.SPRENG) AGAINST ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT CLINICAL MICROBES Thilahgavani Nagappan ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIX SELECTED MALAYSIAN ULAM Nur Ainaa Atikah Binti Mohd Nazri NATURAL ANTICANCER AGENTS ISOLATED FROM MALAYSIAN ALPINIA CONCHIGERA GRIFF (ZINGIBERACEAE) Mohamad Nurul Azmi Bin Mohamad Taib ISOLATION OF ANTHRAQUINONES FROM PRISMATOMERIS GLABRA Ratni Suriyani Binti Jalal ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND TOXICITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS LINN. Lee Ye San HPLC-SCREENING METHOD FOR GENERAL SCREENING OF MICROBIAL METABOLITES FROM MALAYSIAN RAIN FOREST SOIL FUNGI Siti Hajar Binti Sadiran THE EFFECT OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE STABILITY OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. Siti Nuryanti POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS FROM MALAYSIAN SPONGES NEOPETROSIA EXIGUA Haitham Nayef Qaralleh KAEMPFEROL AND PINORESINOL FROM CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS YUNCKER Leong Sow Tein
NAT-P9
NAT-P10
NAT-P11
NAT-P12
NAT-P13
NAT-P14 NAT-P15
14
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
DAY 1: 23rd June 2010/WEDNESDAY
SCHEDULE: POSTER PRESENTATION SESSION 2 TIME: 1400-1600 VENUE: PENANG BALLROOM FOYER
CODE NAT-P16 NAT-P17 NAT-P18 TITLE INDOLE ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM NEONAUCLEA SP-1 (RUBIACEAE) Norfaizah Binti Osman ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF FOUR VARIETIES OF FICUS DELTOIDEA Syazwani Dzolin ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE AND FRACTIONATED EXTRACT OF ALPINIA PAHANGENSIS Phang Chung Weng THE CYTOXICITY AND ALKALOID STUDIES OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (APOCYNACEA) LEAVES WITH PROFILING BY LCMS Tiong Soon Huat ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF LITSEA GRANDIS AND LITSEA LANCIFOLIA (LAURACEAE) Syazreen Nadia Sulaiman CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF AGLAIA EXIMA Loong Xe- Min ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF LEAF EXTRACT OF RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA Md. Imdadul Haq CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GONIOTHALAMUS TAPISOIDES Rosalind Kim Pei Theng ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS LINN. THAT PROMOTING HAIR GROWTH Chiang Pui Nyuk BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS FROM MESUA ELEGANS Chan Gomathi THE FIRST TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF APLYSAMINE 6, AN INHIBITOR OF ISOPRENYLCYSTEINE CARBOXY METHYLTRANSFERASE Nisar Ullah SYNTHESIS OF 2,3-DIHYDRO-4-PHENYL-2- (4(PYRIDINE-2YL) PHENYL) BENZO [B] THIAZEPINE Naval Ramesh Mohan SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHIC BEHAVIOR OF NEW BENZOXAZOLE-BASED LIQUID CRYSTALS Lee Teck Leong SHORT AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF GONIOTHALAMIN FROM (3,4-DIHYDRO2H-PYRAN-2-YL)METHANOL Mazlin Binti Mohideen STUDY OF TAUTOMERISM IN AZIRINE AND RELATED SYSTEMS: DFT CALCULATIONS IN THE GAS PHASE AND SOLVENT Hossein Tavakol 15
NAT-P19
NAT-P20
NAT-P21
NAT-P22
NAT-P23
NAT-P24
NAT-P25
ORG-P1
ORG-P2
ORG-P3
ORG-P4
ORG-P5
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE ORG-P6
ORG-P7
ORG-P8
ORG-P9
TITLE STRUCTURAL MODEL DESIGN OF XANTHONE COMPOUNDS AND ITS APPLICATION AS ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY Amanatie SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF SOME MORE NEW1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4-B]THIADIAZOLES AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTSPART I Faisal Mohammed Saleh Aqlan SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF SOME NEW 1,2,4TRIAZOLO[3,4-B][1,2,4]TRIAZINE AND ,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4B][1,2,3,4]TETRAZINE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS- PART II Faisal Mohammed Saleh Aqlan SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 5-ACETYL-4- (4'-ALKYLOXYPHENYL)3-CYANO-6-METHYLPYRIDINE-2-(1H)-THIONES Abdulrahman AL-taifi CALIXARENES DIMERS AS HOST MOLECULES FOR RECOGNITION OF COENZYMES Banafsheh Gorji LIPOPHILIC 2-[(2-CHLOROPHENYL) AND (3-CHLOROPHENYL)]-4-THIAZOLYL 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES: SYNTHESIS, CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY, AND PROTECTION AGAINST PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE Alireza Samzadeh-kermani AN APPROACH FOR STILBENES VIA PALLADIUM-CATALYZED HECK COUPLING OF ARYL HALIDES WITH OLEFINS Munirah Binti Suhaimi A NOVEL WAY TO PREPARE WITTIG REAGENTS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION AND SYNTHESIS OF HALOGENATED STYRYLLACTONES Nik Salmah binti Nik Salleh SYNTHETIC OF SOME MORE SULFUR COMPOUNDS BEARING HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS AS BIOCIDAL AGENTS PART I : SYNTHETIC OF 2-THIOXO THIADIAZINONE DERIVATIVES Abeer Al-romaizan SYNTHETIC OF SOME MORE SULFUR COMPOUNDS BEARING HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS AS BIOCIDAL AGENTS PART II :SYNTHETIC OF 2-THIOXO THIAZOLE / THIA DIAZOLE AND 3-THIOXO-1,3,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES Abeer Al-romaizan SYNTHESIS OF PHENOXY BENZIMIDAZOLE: FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES Noor Doha Bt Hassan MCM-41-SO3H: A MILD AND EFFICIENT REUSABLE NANOREACTOR, NANOCATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMIDOALKYL NAPHTHOLS UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS Fatemeh Abdollahi EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLES UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS USING MCM-41-SO3H AS A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SULFONIC ACID NANOREACTOR Fatemeh Abdollahi 16
ORG-P10
ORG-P11
ORG-P12
ORG-P13
ORG-P14
ORG-P15
ORG-P16
ORG-P17
ORG-P18
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
CODE ORG-P19 ORG-P20
ORG-P21
ORG-P22
ORG-P23 ORG-P24 OTH-P1
OTH-P2
OTH-P3
OTH-P4
OTH-P5
IND-P1
IND-P2 IND-P3 IND-P4
POLY-P1
POLY-P2
TITLE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-MICROBIAL CONSEQUENCE OF DILLENIA INDICA LINN FRUIT Manjuma Asheka SYNTHESIS OF STYRYLLACTONE DERIVATIVES Suraya Zulkepli SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF 5(ALKOXY)-2-((4-(PHENYLDIAZENYL) PHENYLLIMINO) METHYL) PHENOL AND THEIR COPPER(II) COMPLEXES Heng Boon Teck THE EFFECT OF BALAU WOOD EXTRACT ON THE WHITE ROT FUNGI (PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM) Iskandar A FACILE, RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATIONS Natarajan Arumugam SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOFLAVONE DERIVATIVES Chan Tze Nee OPTIMIZATION OF LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL VALERATE, A GREEN APPLE FLAVOR USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY Salina Mat Radzi BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MALE STERILE AND FERTILE ANTHERS POLLEN IN SORGHUM. (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) Borse Ramdas Dagadu SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF AMINO-PHOSPHORYLATED MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (AM,P-MWCNTS) FOR THE REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Muzingu Luanda Michel SIZE AMD SURFACE CHARGE CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-COATED FATTY ACID LIPOSOME Tan Hsiao Wei SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE FECT AGAINST PCR IN DETECTING ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA INFECTIONS Rosemarie L. Balatbat SULFONATION OF PETROLEUM BASE OILS WITH DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMULSIFIERS Abdulbaset M. Elgellal WASTE MUD CRAB (SCYLLA SERRATA) SHELL AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST IN PALM OLEIN TRANSESTERIFICATION Gaanty Pragas A/L Maniam REUTILIZATION AND REGENERATION OF OIL LADEN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY Shangeetha A/P Ganesan TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM OLEIN USING RICE HUSKASH AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST Lingeswarran Muniandy IMPROVED PVC FILMS PHOTOSTABILITY IN PRESENCE OF SOME DIORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES Hadeel Adil PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES FROM HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND KENAF CORE FILLERS Ashraf Rohaniza Binti Asari 17
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE POLY-P3
POLY-P4
TITLE THE MELT FLOW BEHAVIOUR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)/ PALM KERNEL SHELLS (PKS) COMPOSITES Lim Bee Ying COCONUT SHELL POWDER FILLED POLYESTER COMPOSITES: A STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Marliza Binti Mostapha@Zakaria DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES (PSAS) FROM NATURAL RUBBER LATEX Siti Fatimah Bt Mohd Mustafa THE EFFECT OF BLEND RATIO ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE/CHLOROPRENE THERMOPLASTIC ELATOMERS Nurul Azra Bakaruddin EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE-GRAFT-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (PE-G-MAH) AS COMPATIBILIZER ON TENSILE PROPERTIES, SWELLING BEHAVIOUR AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/NATURAL RUBBER/WATER HYACINTH FIBER (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) COMPOSITES Tan Soo Jin GENERATION OF PROTONIC ACID SITES FROM HYDROGEN OVER TUNGSTENZIRCONIA CATALYST Ainul Hakimah Karim THE USE OF HYDROXYLIZED CASTOR OIL AND METHYLENE DIISOCYANATE IN POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE PREPARATION Marlina MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY/GLASS FIBER/PRECIPITATED NANO-CALCIUM CARBONATE HYBRID COMPOSITES Nor Hamidah Binti Mohd.Zulfli EFFECTS OF OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE AS A COMPATIBILIZER ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HDPE/SOYA PROTEIN/KENAF CORE COMPOSITES Abdul Hamid Bin Abdullah PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-SILICA NANOPARTICLES-A POTENTIALSUPPORT FOR HETEROGENOUS CATALYST Atoosa Haghighizadeh
POLY-P5
POLY-P6
POLY-P7
POLY-P8
POLY-P9
POLY-P10
POLY-P11
POLY-P12
18
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
DAY 2: 24th June 2010/THURSDAY
KEYNOTE SESSION 3
Session Chairman: Dr Lim Lee Wah Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE NOVEL BIOACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM BORNEON 0830-0900 KN-11 MARINE ORGANISMS Charles S. Vairappan POLYMERIC SEPARATION MEMBRANES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS 0900-0930 KN-12 RECOVERY AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING Kazukiyo Nagai DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONCEPT EVOLVED GAS ANALYSIS 0930-1000 KN-13 WITH SOFT IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY Takahisa Tsugoshi
KEYNOTE SESSION 4
Session Chairman: Prof Yeap Guan Yeow Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE CARBON NANOTUBES- THE ROAD TO COMMERCIALIZATION 1015-1045 KN-14 Abdul Rahman Mohamed THE PROTEIN SENSING BY SEQUESTRATION ELECTROCHEMISTRY 1045-1115 KN-15 AND ITS APPLICATIONS Hideki Kuramitz
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 3 Session Chairman: Mr Oh Wen Da Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE THE UBIQUITY OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN MARINE 1120-1135 ENV-O11 MAMMAL POPULATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Jonah L. Bondoc REMOVAL OF MERCURY (II) ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY 1135-1150 ENV-O12 USING RICE RESIDUES Song Shiow Tien PREPARATION OF POLY(HYDROXAMIC ACID)-POLY(AMIDOXIME) CHELATING RESIN FROM ACACIA CELLULOSE FOR HEAVY 1150-1205 ENV-O13 METALS REMOVAL Simon Siew Yong Wen APPLICATION OF UF MEMBRANE FOR TREATMENT OF PALM OIL 1205-1220 ENV-O14 MILL EFFLUENT: EFFECT OF TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE Munirat Idris Oseni CHARACTERIZATION OF UNCARIA GAMBIR EXTRACT AS AN 1220-1235 ENV-O15 ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE Azraa Binti Achmad
19
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 3
Session Chairman: Mrs Che Su Endud Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE GREEN INITIATIVES 1120-1150 KN-16 M. G. Sethuraman ISOMERIZATION OF n-BUTANE OVER TUNGSTEN-ZIRCONIA 1150-1205 MAT-O11 CATALYST Ainul Hakimah Karim QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC SITES OF SOLID ACID CATALYSTS BY PYRIDINE PRE-ADSORBED FTIR 1205-1220 MAT-O12 SPECTROSCOPY Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah A FACILE METHOD OF PREPARING TITANIA BASED BINARY METAL OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES: CNTs/TiO2-CoO; 1220-1235 MAT-O13 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION Langelihle Nsikayezwe Dlamini
Session Chairman: Dato Prof Muhammad Idiris Saleh Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE ENZYME AND DNA BASED BIOSENSORS FROM ACRYLIC 1120-1150 KN-17 MICRO/NANOSPHERES Lee Yook Heng MINERAL COMPOSITION OF STRAWBERRY, MULBERRY AND 1150-1205 ANA-O11 CHERRY FRUITS AT DIFFERENT RIPENING STAGES Tahir Mahmood CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF THREE OCIMUM SPECIES COLLECTED 1205-1220 ANA-O12 FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF PAKISTAN Abdullah Ijaz Hussain OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF PHENOLICS FROM THE LEAVES OF FICUS 1220-1235 ANA-O13 RETUSA Aftab Ashraf
20
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 3
Session Chairman: Mr Toh Run Hong Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE NEW STABILIZERS FOR POLYSTYRENE BASED ON 21120-1135 POLY-O1 THIOACETIC-5-PHENYL-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE Emad Yousif EVALUATION OF IMPACT STRENGTH AND MICROHARDNESS OF DENTURE BASE ACRYLIC RESIN (PMMA ) 1135-1150 POLY-O2 PART II Saied H. Mohamed THE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED STUDY ON THE CONFIGURATION AND UNSATURATION OF POLYBUTADIENE 1150-1205 POLY-O3 POLYMERIC CHAIN Ali Parsa INVESTIGATIONS OF BLOCK CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHAIN SHUTTLING POLYMERIZATION USING HYBRID FUZZY 1205-1220 POLY-O4 LOGIC GENETIC ALGORITHM APPROACH Al-Harthi Mamdouh TREATED CHITOSAN FILLED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES 1220-1235 POLY-O5 ON THERMAL PROPERTIES Faisal Amri
Session Chairman: Mr Daniel Tan Teoh Chuan Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF SCHIFF BASE ESTERS 4-N-ALKANOYLOXYBENZYLIDENE-41120-1135 ORG-O10 IODOANILINES Lee Teck Leong HYDROLYSIS PROCESS ON PALM OLEIN BASED POLYOL 1135-1150 ORG-O11 PRODUCTION Darfizzi Derawi FUNCTIONLIZATION OF GLYCOLIPIDS WITH MACROCYCLES 1150-1205 ORG-O12 Karem J. Sabah SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COUMARIN 1205-1220 ORG-O13 DERIVATIVES Afsheen Arshad SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SOL-GEL EXTRACTION OF METAL ION WITH 11220-1235 ORG-O14 [(BROMOMETHYL)(PHENYL)METHYL]-2-(2,4DINITROPHENYL)HYDRAZINE Norfarhah Abdul Razak
21
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 3
Session Chairman: Ms Nornaemah M. Bakhir Venue: MELAKA TIME CODE TITLE PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING AND GALACTAGOGUE EFFECTS OF BANANA FLOWER (MUSA X PARADISIACA ABBB) 1120-1135 NAT-O1 EXTRACT ON LACTATING RATS Azizah Binti Mahmood ANALYSIS NON POLAR FRACTION FROM MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL.) FRUIT WITH 1135-1150 NAT-O2 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY Susilawati ISOFLAVANOIDS FROM THE ROOT OF SESBANIA 1150-1205 NAT-O3 GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS. PLANT Noviany THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON NATURAL PRODUCTS IN WAX JAMBU (SYZYZIUM 1205-1220 NAT-O4 SAMARANGENCES) VAR. JAMBU MADU FRUITS Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CAESALPINIA DIGYNA AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED ACUTE LIVER 1220-1235 NAT-O5 DAMAGE IN RATS Srinivasan R.
Session Chairman: Mrs Marina Mokhtar Venue: LABUAN TIME CODE TITLE ISOTROPIC AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOR OF PSEUDO TERNARY PHASE OF PALM KERNEL OIL ESTER, WATER AND 1120-1135 PHY-O1 NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS SYSTEMS Elrashid Saleh Mahdi DFT CALCULATIONS OF THE 1H CHEMICAL SHIFTS AND 13C CHEMICAL SHIFT, SYNTHESIS ON STERICALLY CONGESTED SOME NEW SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS WITH 1135-1150 PHY-O2 THIOSOMICARBAZIDE AND THEIR OXO VANADIUM COMPLEXES Hooriye Yahyaei THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ELECTROLESS CU-P-SIC 1150-1205 PHY-O3 COMPOSITE COATINGS IN 1M HCl Soheila Faraji KINETICS OF FATTY ACID LIPOSOME FORMATION IN 1205-1220 PHY-O4 LIPOSOME-GLYCOLIPID STABILIZED EMULSION SYSTEM Radziah Muhamad RING-PUCKERING POTENTIAL ENERGY FUNCTIONS AND VIBRATIONAL REASSIGNMENTS FOR SOME 1220-1235 PHY-O5 SILACYCLOPENT-3-ENES Abdulaziz Al-Saadi
22
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 4
Session Chairman: Mr Ismail Muazu Bataragawa Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE para-CHLOROPHENOL REMOVAL IN SEQUENCING BATCH 1400-1415 ENV-O16 BIOFILM REACTOR Muna Mastura Mohamad CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF A MARINE ALGAE EUCHEUMA COTTONII AND ITS CARRAGEENAN AS 1415-1430 ENV-O17 CADMIUM METAL ION BIOSORPTION Refilda Suhaili IMMOBILIZED TiO2-CHITOSAN SYNERGISTIC PHOTOCATALYST-ADSORPTION BILAYER SYSTEM FOR THE 1430-1445 ENV-O18 REMOVAL OF REACTIVE RED 4 Sheilatina PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE RED 4 DYE 1445-1500 ENV-O19 BY IMMOBILIZED PANI/TiO2 SYSTEM Mohd Fairul Sharin B. Abdul Razak REMOVAL OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ADSORPTION USING OIL PALM SHELL 1500-1515 ENV-O20 ACTIVATED CARBON WITH KOH Bakhtiar K. Hamad
Session Chairman: Dr Basheer Chanbasha Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE CHIRALLY FUNCTIONALIZED STATIONARY PHASE FOR ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN 1400-1430 KN-18 CAPILLARY LC Lee Wah Lim BIOEQUIVALENCE OF TWO ORAL MONTELUKAST FORMULATIONS IN HEALTHY PAKISTANI SUBJECTS: A SINGLE 1430-1445 ANA-O14 DOSE, OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, TWO-PERIOD CROSSOVER STUDY Mateen Abbas PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF TEN SELECTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) VARIETIES OF 1445-1500 ANA-O15 PAKISTAN Muhammad Zubair FATTY ACID AND TOCOPHEROL COMPOSITION OF CHERRY 1500-1515 ANA-O16 AND LYCHEE SEED LIPIDS Tahir Mahmood APPRAISAL OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 1515-1530 ANA-O17 ESSENTIAL OILS FROM AERIAL PARTS OF SELECTED MENTHA SPECIES Farooq Anwar
23
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 4
Session Chairman: Mrs Norhidaya Zakaria Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE SYNTHESIS O-CARBOXYMETHYLCHITOSAN AS ECOFRIENDLY 1400-1415 MAT-O14 CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR MILD STEEL IN 1M HCl Nurul NuAim Razali SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHINE 1415-1430 MAT-O15 FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES Adolph Anga Muleja MANGROVE (RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) AND ITS MONOMER (CATECHIN) AS A POTENTIAL CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR 1430-1445 MAT-O16 COPPER IN 0.5 M HCl Affaizza Mohamad Shah PREPARATION OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES FROM ORGANICINORGANIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF EPOXIDISED 1445-1500 MAT-O17 NATURAL RUBBER (ENR-50) AND TITANIA ALKOXIDES Siti Mutrofin PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINA SUPPORTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APPLICATION 1500-1515 MAT-O18 IN THE REDUCTION OF p-NITROPHENOL Hanani Yazid
Session Chairman: Ms Tan Wei Ling Venue: LABUAN TIME CODE TITLE PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER FILM BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND 1400-1415 POLY-O6 RAMBUTAN WASTE FLOUR Ooi Zhong Xian MECHANICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SWELLING PROPERTIES OF HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES (HNTS) FILLED 1415-1430 POLY-O7 NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES Siti Zuliana Salleh CURE CHARACTERISTICS, TENSILE PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE 1430-1445 POLY-O8 TEREPHTHALATE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS Nabil Hayeemasae EFFECT OF SHORT GLASS FIBRE (SGF) CONTENT AND A SILANE COUPLING AGENT ON PROPERTIES OF 1445-1500 POLY-O9 POLYPROPYLENE/ WASTE TYRE DUST/ SHORT GLASS FIBRE (PP/WTD/SGF) COMPOSITES Zuriati Binti Zainal WASTE TIRE RUBBER PARTICLES USING TO IMPROVE THE 1500-1515 POLY-O10 PROPERTIES OF LOCAL ASPHALT CONCRETE Abdulali Bashir Ben Saleh
24
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 4
Session Chairman: Dr Melati Khairuddean Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE APPLICATIONS OF DOMINO REACTIONS IN ORGANIC 1400-1430 KN-19 SYNTHESIS Subbu Perumal THE STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED DIAZAPENTACYCLO[12.3.1.02,10.03,8.010,14]OCTADECA-3(8),4,61430-1445 ORG-O15 TRIENE-9,15-DIONES WITH THE CREATION OF TWO HETEROCYCLIC RINGS AND FIVE STEREOCENTRES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION R. Suresh Kumar CYTOTOXIC AND ANTI-TUUBERCULAR ACTIVITIES OF SOME 1445-1500 ORG-O16 NOVEL PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES D. Jagadeesh Prasad SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE INCORPORATED WITH SCHIFFS 1500-1515 ORG-O17 BASE DERIVATIVES Chiew Wang See SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF METHYL- AND ETHYL-2-(3-CINNAMOYLTHIOUREIDO) ACETATE FROM 2-(31515-1530 ORG-O18 CINNAMOTHIOUREIDO) ACETIC ACID Ibrahim N. Hassan
Session Chairman: Mrs Afsheen Arshad Venue: MELAKA TIME CODE TITLE ESSENTIAL OILS OF ZINGIBER SPECTABILE GRIFF. AND THEIR 1400-1415 NAT-O6 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES Yasodha Sivasothy SCREENING BIOACTIVE POTENCY AND COMPOUND ISOLATION OF DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACT OF PARMELIA 1415-1430 NAT-O7 TINCTORUM (DESPR EX. NYL. HALE) Irma Kartika Kusumaningrum CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE RHIZOMES OF 1430-1445 NAT-O8 HOMALOMENA SAGITTIFOLIA Abdul Hamid NON-VOLATILE ISOLATES OF TWO HETEROPYXIS SPECIES 1445-1500 NAT-O9 Abdelhafeez M. A. Mohammed ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SPINASTEROL 1500-1515 NAT-O10 FROM THE LEAVES OF MIMUSOPS ELENGI L. Faheem Amir
25
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 5
Session Chairman: Mr Lim Jun Wei Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METAL ION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER USING MODIFIED ADSORBENT OF 1600-1615 ENV-O21 RHIZOPHORA APICULATA Rozaini Che Amat IMMOBILLIZED TiO2/AC HYBRID BILAYER SYSTEM FOR THE REMOVAL OF PHENOL VIA SYNERGISTIC PHOTOCATALYTIC1615-1630 ENV-O22 ADSORPTIVE PROCESSES Noor Nazihah Bahrudin DEGRADATION OF DEET BY OZONATION IN AQUEOUS 1630-1645 ENV-O23 SOLUTION Tay Kheng Soo COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL AND 2,41645-1700 ENV-O24 DICHLOROPHENOL ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON Oh Wen Da REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN CRUDE OIL BY USING 1700-1715 ENV-O25 COMPLEXING AGENTS Alyaa Amalina Mohd Azli
Session Chairman: Mr Jimmy Nelson Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE EFFECT OF EXTRACTION REGIMES ON ANTIOXIDANT 1600-1615 ANA-O18 POTENTIAL OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) BRAN EXTRACTS Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND LIPASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY FROM VARIOUS LOCATION OF SAPPAN WOOD ON 1615-1630 ANA-O19 JAVA ISLAND Irmanida Batubara THE USE OF OXALIC ACID FROM SPINACH FOR IMPROVING 1630-1645 ANA-O20 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF Hg(II) PHOTOREDUCTION Suherman PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA MODIFIED WITH P-TERT-BUTYL-CALIX[4]ARENE, 1645-1700 ANA-O21 CALIX[4]ARENE AND CALIX[4]ARENE SULFONATE Alahmadi Sana Mohammad
26
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 5
Session Chairman: Dr Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed Ali Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER TO 1600-1630 KN-20 NANOPARTICLES, GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBES K. L. Sebastian THE IMPORTANCE OF TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN 1630-1645 INO-O11 COMPLEX SYNTHESIS AND ITS DANGEROUS IN IR SPECTRA Mohsen M. Mostafa SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES AND STRUCTURAL 1645-1700 INO-O12 CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME IMIDAZOLIUM SALTS Abbas Washeel Salman SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED 1700-1715 INO-O13 FROM SUBSTITUTED DITHIOCARBAZATES Shatila Hazwani Rahim
Session Chairman: Ms Rosniza Hamzah Venue: MELAKA TIME CODE TITLE EFFECT OF PARAMETERS ON DEVELOPMENT OF WATER 1600-1615 POLY-O11 SOLUBLE POLYURETHANE BINDER Nuraini Raman Yusuf FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF THERMAL CURED EPOXIDIZED 1615-1630 POLY-O12 SOYBEAN OIL Tan Seah Guan THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANO-MONTMORILLONITE FILLED VIRGIN AND RECYCLED-POLY(ETHYLENE 1630-1645 POLY-O13 TEREPHATHALATE) Lim Su Rong ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADABLE LLDPE/SOYA POWDER 1645-1700 POLY-O14 BLENDS Sam Sung Ting THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER SURFACE TREATMENT ON WATER ABSORPTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KENAF1700-1715 POLY-O15 POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES Nurul Mujahidah Binti Ahmad Khairuddin
27
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 5
Session Chairman: Mr Kasim Mohammed Hello Venue: LABUAN TIME CODE TITLE ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF PALM-BASED ESTERS IN IONIC 1600-1615 ORG-O19 LIQUIDS Mohd Rizal Chumati SYNTHESIS AND FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF SELECTED 2-(2-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRIMIDINE, 2-(2-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRAZINE, 1615-1630 ORG-O20 2-(4-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRIMIDINE AND 2-(4-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRAZINE Shah Bakhtiar Nasir PREPARATION OF QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL 1630-1645 ORG-O21 FLUORESCENTS Zainal Abidin Hasan SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CHROMOGENIC RECEPTOR DERIVED FROM ACETONAPHTHOQUINONE AND 1645-1700 ORG-O22 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE Aisha Khzam Mohamed
Session Chairman: Assoc Prof Dr Rohana Adnan Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE OPPORTUNITIES IN MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGING, 1600-1630 KN-21 CHALLENGES & THE NEED FOR INNOVATION Chee Choong Kooi THE EFFECTS OF DIMETHYLACETOACETAMIDE, MONOMETHYLACETOACETAMIDE AND ACETOACETAMIDE ON THE DURABLE PRESS PERFORMANCE OF COTTON 1630-1645 IND-O8 FABRICS TREATED WITH DMDHEU AND GLYCOLATED DMDHEU Priscilla Lim Ming Huei INVESTIGATION OF PYROLYSIS PRDUCTS OF RESIDUAL PALM 1645-1700 IND-O9 OIL IN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY USING TGA-FTIR Fashehah Aishah SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION ON UV-INDUCED FILM MATRIX COMPACTION OF VINYL-FUNCTIONAL 1700-1715 IND-O10 SILSESQUIOXANE Mohd Tarmizi Zainuddin
28
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
DAY 2: 24th June 2010/THURSDAY
SCHEDULE: POSTER PRESENTATION SESSION 3 TIME: 1100-1300 VENUE: PENANG BALLROOM FOYER
CODE ANA-P1 TITLE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF KETOPROFEN IN HUMAN PLASMA Jiyauddin Khan DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY, METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ARTEMISININ IN RAT PLASMA Gamal Osman Elhassan UREA FRACTIONATION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID FROM JATROPHA CURCAS SEED OIL Bashar Mudhaffar DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLY-HYPHENATED ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR PROTEOMIC AND EPIGENETIC RESEARCH Tomonari Umemura EFFECT OF pH ON THE ELECTROGENERATIVE RECOVERY AND ELECTRODEPOSITION OF GOLD FROM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS BY USING RVC AND POROUS GRAPHITE AS A CATHODE Fatemeh Salehi Karoonian ADSORPTION OF HUMIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ONTO CHITOSAN COMPOSITE Norhashida Tajudin FIRST ORDER ULTRAVIOLET DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR DETERMINATION OF RESERPINE IN ANTIHYPERTENSION TABLET Wulan Tri Wahyuni PREPARATION OF METHACRYLATE-ESTER-BASED ULTRA LOW FLOW RESISTANCE MONOLITHIC COLUMN Shinya Kitagawa SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES WITH ENRICHED (200) FACET BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY Mohammad Etesami ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF 3,4 DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUMDIETHYL DITHIOCARBAMATE Hanieh Ghadimi HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SPHINGOSINE AND SPHINGANINE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS USING MONOLITHIC COLUMN Lee Tien Ping EVALUATION OF METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN RED TILAPIA USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS Low Kah Hin 29
ANA-P2
ANA-P3
ANA-P4
ANA-P5
ANA-P6
ANA-P7
ANA-P8
ANA-P9
ANA-P10
ANA-P11
ANA-P12
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE ANA-P13
ANA-P14
ANA-P15
ANA-P16
ANA-P17
ANA-P18
ANA-P19
ANA-P20 ANA-P21 ANA-P22
ANA-P23
ENV-P1
ENV-P2
ENV-P3
ENV-P4
ENV-P5
TITLE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS(3-METHOXY PHENOL HYDRAZONE) AND ITS APPLICATION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CU2+ ION Marwan Shalash SEPARATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN HONEY BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS Nur Bahiyah Abu Bakar SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MERCURY ION AFTER LIQUIDLIQUID EXTRACTION WITH O-TOLUIDINE BLUE Farzin Nekouei LIQUID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION (LPME) COUPLED WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PALM OIL AND OTHER VEGETABLE OILS Gan Hui Siang PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SEPARATION OF MONILIFORMIN BY HPLC USING HILIC COLUMN Gazala Mohamed-H-Ben hander POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR UREA CONSTRUCTED FROM CARBON NANOTUBE AND FULLERENE NANOPARTICLES Kasra Saeedfar PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES ON THE BINARY AND TERNARY LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES Mazratul Adzfifi Binti Abdul Rashid NEW CLASS OF LIGAND BASED ON CROWN ETHER-FLUORENE FOR PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES Mohamed Ahmed Moallim ANALYSIS OF CATECHIN IN COMMERCIAL GREEN TEA SAMPLES Nofrizal DEVELOPMENT OF A MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY (MEKC) METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FURFURALS Noorfatimah Yahaya DETERMINATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN FRUIT BEVERAGES USING SOLVENT BAR MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUE Ayman AL-Majid UTILIZATION OF FRUITS SKIN AS A BIOSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM WATER Lee Weng Nam THE ENHANCEMENT OF COPPER AND NICKEL REMOVAL IN BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER BY COMBINED USE OF SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR) AND CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHODS Mohammad Reza Allahgholi Ghasri STUDY OF BANANA PEEL (MUSA SEPIENTUM) AS A CATIONIC BIOSORBENT Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL & WATER OF EX-MINING AREA BESTARI JAYA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM DATURA METEL Marie Christine Merca Obusan 30
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
CODE ENV-P6
ENV-P7
ENV-P8
ENV-P9
ENV-P1O
ENV-P11
ENV-P12
ENV-P13
ENV-P14
ENV-P15
ENV-P16
ENV-P17
ENV-P18
ENV-P19
ENV-P20
ENV-P21
TITLE IMPACT OF EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION ON WATER POLLUTION OF LOWER PRAVARA BASIN OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT Thorat Dattatray Gangadhar LEACHING OF ANTIMONY FROM PET BOTTLES PLASTIC OF INDONESIA, JAPAN, FRANCE AND USA COMPANY Aster Rahayu EFFECT OF AERATION AND NON AERATION TREATMENT IN MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL) SYSTEM TO DECREASE WATER POLLUTANT OF MUARA RIVER PADANG-WEST SUMATRA Aulia Indah Pratiwi REMOVAL OF TOXIC METAL, Pb, Cu, AND Hg IN WASTE FRIED CHICKEN COOKING OIL BY WASTE FRIED CHICKEN COOKING Indrawati REMEDIATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTED WITH NITRATE USING IONEXCHANGE RESIN AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST Lina Mahardiani PROMOTION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS THROUGH THE ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY: THE CASE OF TARLAC CITY, PHILIPPINES Xyris Gerard A. Fernandez BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Cu AND Zn) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MARINE ALGAE BIOMASS Ching Mei Lan ELECTROGENERATIVE PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF LEAD USING A BATCH CELL Norita Mohamed ELECTROGENERATIVE REMOVAL OF COBALT FROM SULPHATE SOLUTIONS USING A FLOW-BY REACTOR Tan Wan Xin CYCLODEXTRIN POLYURETHANE AND CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES EMBEDDED IN ALGINATE BEADS FOR THE REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS IN WATER Hilary Ezuruike DEGRADATION OF PHENOL BY SONICATION IN ADDITION OF SALT Hamidah Abdullah ELECTROGENERATIVE REDUCTION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM TO TRIVALENT CHROMIUM USING A GALVANIC FLOW-BY BATCH-RECYCLE REACTOR Phneh Kok Wei RECOVERY OF COPPER USING AN ELECTRO MPCELL OPERATED IN AN ELECTROGENERATIVE MODE Suganty d/o Kanapathy PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE RED 4 BY IMMOBILIZED TIO2 DEGUSSA P-25 USING ENR/PVC BLEND AS ADHESIVES Salmiah Md Zain MLR- AND ANN-QSAR MODELS FOR PREDICTING TOXICITY OF NITROBENZENE DERIVATIVES USING TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS Alex A. Tardaguila ZINC AVAILABILITY IN SOIL AND ZINC CONCENTRATION IN THE RICE GRAIN Dennis S. J. Tuyogon
31
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
CODE ENV-P22
ENV-P23 ENV-P24
ENV-P25
PHY-P1
PHY-P2
PHY-P3
PHY-P4 PHY-P5
TITLE PREDICTING HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS FOR SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY MLR- AND ANN-BASED QSPR MODELS USING CONNECTIVITY INDICES Eric R. Punzalan QSPR PREDICTION OF SOLUBILITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER USING CONSTITUTIONAL AND TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS Jennifer C. Sy DISSOLUTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BY IONIC LIQUID Zati Ismah Ishak SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER-CONTAINING CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTs) AND THEIR USE IN THE REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES IN WATER Zanele Precious Nhlabatsi SELECTIVE AND EFFICIENT LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF CU(II) BY OXINE AS A SPECIFIC CARRIER Olly Norita Tetra APPLICATION OF CASHEW SHELL AS ACTIVATED CARBON USED AS COATING MATERIAL FOR UREA AND ITS TESTING TOWARD NITROGEN REDUCTION IN UREA Betty Marita Soebrata DETERMINATION OF RADON EXHALATION RATES IN SOME COMMERCIAL PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS Dheyab Ali Mohammed Al-Eryani SYNTHESIS, FT-IR SPECTRA AND DFT CALCULATIONS ON STERICALLY CONGESTED 2,2-DISUBSTITUTED INDANE-1,3-DIONE DERIVATIVES Seyed Mohammad Shoaei RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL EMULSION Saw Mei Mei
32
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
DAY 3: 25th June 2010/FRIDAY
PLENARY SESSION
Session Chairman: Prof Boey Peng Lim Venue: PENANG TIME TITLE CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS OF ORGANOBORON COMPOUNDS, SUZUKI 0830-0915 COUPLING Akira Suzuki
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 6
Session Chairman: Prof Kazukiyo Nagai Venue: PENANG TIME CODE TITLE SINGLE-STEP EXTRACTION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IONIZIED AND NEUTRAL ANALYTES FROM COMPLEX SAMPLE 0930-1000 KN-22 MATRICES Basheer Chanbasha DESIGN OF A BIOSENSOR BASED ON THE FUNGUS LENTINUS SAJOR-CAJU FOR INSECTICIDE PERMETHRIN DETECTION IN 1000-1015 ANA-O22 TREATED WOOD Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip A STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR OF Cu(II), Pb(II) AND Co(II) ONTO ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE-CLINOPTILOLITE 1015-1030 ANA-O23 NANOCOMPOSITES Sydney Thabo Mthombo FLUORESCENCE UREA BIOSENSOR BASED ON WATER 1030-1045 ANA-O24 SOLUBLE ZnS QUANTUM DOTS Eka Safitri
33
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 6
Session Chairman: Prof Lim Poh Eng Venue: HORIZON TIME CODE TITLE STRATEGIES IN NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH 0930-1000 KN-23 Khalijah Awang ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF MALAYSIAN SEA CUCUMBER, STICHOPUS HERMANII, 1000-1015 NAT-O11 EXTRACTS Osama Y. Althunibat SYNTHESIS OF SUGAR-CHALCONES DERIVATIVES VIA 1015-1030 ORG-O23 FERRIER REARRANGEMENT Dyg Halimatulzahrah Bt Abang Kamaluddin ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM FUNGAL 1030-1045 ORG-O24 TRANSFORMATION Syed Adnan Ali Shah
Session Chairman: Mrs Siti Mutrofin Venue: JOHOR TIME CODE TITLE CHARACTERIZATIONS AND EVALUATION OF LIGNINPHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN FOR BONDING 0930-0945 MAT-O19 RUBBERWOOD PLYWOOD Norhidaya Zakaria CORRELATION BETWEEN PHENOLIC CONTENT AND CORROSION INHIBITORS OF UNCARIA GAMBIR EXTRACT 0945-1000 MAT-O20 FOR MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC SOLUTION Nur Hazwani Dahon SYNTHESIS AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOCTYLTETRADECYLPHOSPHONIUM-BASED ROOM 1000-1015 MAT-O21 TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS Abobakr Khidir Ziyada Taha FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF NEAT AND SODIUM DOPED 1015-1030 MAT-O22 BARIUM TITANATE Chew Ker Yin CORROSION INHIBITION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6061 IN NATURAL MANGROVE (RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) TANNINS 1030-1045 MAT-O23 IN HCl, H2SO4 AND NaCl Solhan Yahya
34
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 6
Session Chairman: Prof Baharuddin Saad Venue: SELANGOR TIME CODE TITLE PD-CATALYZED CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF POLYOLEFINS 0930-1000 KN-25 WITH NOVEL STRUCTURES AND THEIR PROPERTIES Daisuke Takeuchi IRON(II) SPIN-CROSSOVER IN BENZOTRIAZOL DERIVED 1015-1030 INO-O14 LIGAND Wafa Mubarak AL-Shamsi ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM 2,6-DIAMINOPYRIDINE AND THEIR NOVEL METAL 1030-1045 INO-O15 COMPLEXES Fatimatuzzahraa Bt Mohd Fadzel SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY STUDY OF NEW MANNICH AND SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS DERIVED FROM 1045-1100 INO-O16 ISATIN AND 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES Ahlam J. Abdulghani
Session Chairman: Ms Rozaini Che Amat Venue: MELAKA TIME CODE TITLE DEGRADATION PROFILE OF PHENOL IN SEQUENTIAL BATCH 0930-0945 ENV-O26 REACTOR Farah Khan STUDIES ON BIODEGRADATION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL IN 0945-1000 ENV-O27 A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR Mohammad Zain Khan REMOVAL OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDE VIA IMMOBILIZED TIO2 PHOTOCATALYTIC 1000-1015 ENV-O28 SYSTEM Lelifajri LEACHIBILITY STUDIES OF HEAVY METALS FROM ALUM 1015-1030 ENV-O29 SLUDGE USING DIFFERENT LEACHING ELUENTS Thanalechumi Paramalinggam OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED ENZYMATIC DIGESTION CONDITIONS BY USING TWO-LEVEL FACTORIAL 1030-1045 ENV-O30 DESIGN Yuhanees Mohamed Yusof
35
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION SESSION 6
Session Chairman: Ms Nor Hashila Mohd Hirmizi Venue: KUANTAN TIME CODE TITLE THE USE OF CHROMIUM-IRON MIXED-METAL COMPLEXES 0930-0945 POLY-O16 FOR POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE Che Ibrahim Abdullah PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE 0945-1000 POLY-O17 FOAM FILLED WITH WASTE FOAMS Husna Abd. Halim CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL WITH THE EXPLOITATION OF POLYANILINE STABILIZED BY N-CETYL1000-1015 POLY-O18 N,N,N TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE Mohammad Rashid THE POTENTIAL OF ACRYLATED UV CURABLE EPOXIDIZED 1015-1030 POLY-O19 NATURAL OIL AS NEW SUSTAINABLE EPOXY Munirah Onn OPTIMIZING CELL STRUCTURE OF EPOXIDIZED RUBBER 1030-1045 POLY-O20 FOAMS BY VARYING BINARY ACCELERATOR SYSTEM Nor Nadirah Najib
Session Chairman: Ms Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zubir Venue: LABUAN TIME CODE TITLE PREPARATION AND SPECTRA ANALYSIS OF 0930-0945 PHY-O6 THEOPHYLLINE/BETA CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEX Marina Mokhtar PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOSOMES FROM COCONUT PHOSPHOLIPIDS: PROSPECT OF 0945-1000 PHY-O7 UTILIZATION OF COCONUT PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS LIPOSOMES MATERIALS Dwi Hudiyanti SIMULATION OF LYOTROPIC GLYCOLIPID BILAYERS IN 1000-1015 PHY-O8 VARYING WATER CONCENTRATION Vijay Manickam Achari ACETYLATION OF GLYCEROL TO SYNTHESISE BIOADDITIVES: CATALYSIS OVER BIMETALLIC AgCu/RICE HUSK SILICA1015-1030 PHY-O9 ALUMINA Radhika Thankappan INTERACTION OF HYDROGEN WITH SURFACE ACID SITES OF 1030-1045 PHY-O10 MOLYBDENUM OXIDE-ZIRCONIA CATALYST Nurun Najwa Binti Ruslan
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
LIST OF INVITED SPEAKERS
BIL NAME Abdul Rahman Mohamed, Prof. Dr. Akira Suzuki, Professor Emeritus. AFFILIATION School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail:[e-mail] TITLE Carbon Nanotubes Research in USM-Road to Commercialization. Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organoboron Compounds, Suzuki Coupling Hollow Fibre-Liquid Phase Microextraction: Green Sample Preparation Strategy for the Analytical Determination of Selected Analytes Single-Step Extraction for The Determination of Ionizied And Neutral Analytes from Complex Sample Matrices
1
2
3
Bahruddin Saad, Prof.
School of Chemical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, 11800 Penang. E-mail: [e-mail]
4
Basheer Chanbasha, Dr.
Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah E-mail: [e-mail]
5
Charles S. Vairappan, Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Novel Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Borneon Marine Organisms
6
Chee Choong Kooi, Dr
Intel (Penang) Malaysia, BOX 121, Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone, 11900 Penang E-mail: [e-mail] Chemical Resources Laboraoty, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, JAPAN E-mail: [e-mail]
Opportunities in Microelectronic Packaging, Challenges & the Need for Innovation PD-CATALYZED CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF POLYOLEFINS WITH NOVEL STRUCTURES AND THEIR PROPERTIES The Synthesis, Structure and Immune Regulating Properties of Phosphatidylinosito L Mannosides Some Recent Advances in the Use of Rice Husk Silica As a Support for Heterogeneous Catalyst- The Oxidation of Benzene and Phenol at Ambient Temperature
7
Daisuke Takeuchi, Prof
8
D.S. Larsen, Prof.
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand E-mail: [e-mail]
9
Farook Adam, Prof.
School of Chemical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail]
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia Cascade Catalysis: A Green Approach to the Formation of Menthols and 4-Alkylcyclohexanols
10
Gaik-Khuan Chuah, Assoc. Prof.
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore, 117543 E-mail: [e-mail]
11
Hideki Kuramitz, Dr
Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry,Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. E-mail:[e-mail] Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science,Bangalore 560012,India E-mail: [e-mail] Department of Applied Chemistry Meiji University,1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tamaku,Kawasaki 214-8571,Japan. E-mail: [e-mail] Chemistry Department, University Of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail] School of Chemical Sciences & Food TechnologyFaculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan. E-mail: [e-mail]
The Protein Sensing by Sequestration Electrochemistry and its Applications
12
K.L. Sebastian, Prof.
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Nanoparticles, Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes Polymeric Separation Membranes for Greenhouse Gas Recovery Against Global Warming
13
Kazukiyo Nagai, Prof.
14
Khalijah Awang, Prof.
Strategies in Natural Products Research
15
Lee Yook Heng
Enzyme and DNA Based Biosensors from Acrylic Micro/Nanospheres
16
Lim Lee Wah, Dr.
Chirally Functionalized Stationary Phase for Enantiomeric Separation of Amino Acids in Capillary Lc
17
M. G. Sethuraman, Prof. Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim, Assoc. Prof.
Gandhigram Rural University Gandhigram 624 302 Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail: [e-mail]
Green Initiatives
18
School of Chemical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail]
A Newly Water Soluble Lignin Graft Copolymer from Oilpalm Lignocellulosic Waste for Hydrocarbon Drilling Operation
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
19
Nicolas Brosse, Prof.
Laboratoire dEtude et de Recherche sur le Matriau Bois, Facult des Sciences et Techniques, UHP Nancy 1, France. E-mail: Nicolas.Brosse@lermab. uhp-nancy.fr
Lignin: A Chemical Perspective
20
Roberto Ballini, Prof.
School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy. E-mail: [e-mail]
Nitroalkanes as Starting Carbanions in the Michael Reaction
21
Soon Ting Kueh, Dato' Dr.
Malaysian Institute of Chemistry, 127B Jalan Aminuddin Baki, Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, 60000 KL E-mail: [e-mail] Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 E-mail: [e-mail] Senior Professor and Head, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj, University Madurai, 625021 E-mail:[e-mail]
IKM and Chemistry as a Profession in Malaysia
22
Stephan Jaenicke, Assoc. Prof.
Teaching Green Chemistry: Metrics for Evaluating Synthesis Schemes
23
Subbu Perumal, Prof.
Applications of Domino Reactions in Organic Synthesis
24
Takahisa Tsugoshi, Dr
Measurement Standards System Division National Metrology Institute of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sci. & Tech. (AIST) E-mail:[e-mail]
Development of New Concept Evolved Gas Analysis With Soft Ionization Mass Spectroscopy
25
Wong Keng Chong, Assoc. Prof.
School of Chemical Sciences, University Science Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail]
Natural Products from Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants
26
Cecilia Devi Wilfred, Assoc. Prof.
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail]
Ionic Liquids-Your Green Solution
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ABSTRACTS
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
PLENARY SPEAKER
CROSS-COUPLING REACTIONS OF ORGANOBORON COMPOUNDS, SUZUKI COUPLING Akira Suzuki Professor Emeritus, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 002-8072, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between different types of organoboron compounds and various organic electrophiles including halides or triflates in the presence of base provides a powerful and general methodology for the formation of carbon -carbon bonds. The (sp2)C-B compounds (such as aryl- and 1-alkenylboron derivatives) and (sp3)C-B compounds (alkylboron compounds) readily cross-couple with organic electrophiles to give coupled products selectively in high yields. Recently, the (sp)C-B compounds (1-alkynylboron derivatives) have been also observed to react with organic electrophiles to produce expected cross-coupled products.
Such coupling reactions offer several advantages: (1) ready availability of reactants (2) mild reaction conditions (3) water stability (4) easy use of the reaction both in aqueous and heterogeneous conditions (5) toleration of a broad range of functional groups (6) high regio- and stereoselectivity of the reaction (7) insignificant effect of steric hindrance (8) use of a small amount of catalysts (9) application in one-pot synthesis (10) nontoxic reaction (11) easy separation of inorganic boron compound As one of defects of the reaction, one would point out the use of bases. However, it could be overcome the difficulty by using suitable solvent systems and adequate bases. Consequently, these coupling reactions have been actively utilized not only in academic laboratories bu t also in industrial processes. In this lecture, the overview of the coupling reaction will be dis cussed to understand the outlines. Additionally, current topics of the reaction will be presented briefly.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN -01
THE SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE AND IMMUNE REGULATING PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL MANNOSIDES
1
DS Larsen, BS Dyer, G. Singh-Gill, GD Ainge, GF Painter, M Denis and JL Harper University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Industrial Research Limited, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 3 The Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand 4 AgResearch Limited, New Zealand E-mail:[e-mail]
2 1
1
1
2
2
3
4
Phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), present in the cell walls of mycobacteria, are attracting a great deal of attention as they elicit a range of immune responses and constitute the biosynthetic precursors of lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan. PIMs act as agonists of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) which is involved with innate immunity.Structure-activity relationships of PIMs are complicated by the fact that these molecules exist in nature in multi-acylated forms and obtaining single entities from cell wall material is challenging. Although structures of the pseudo -oligosaccharide moieties of PIMs have been well established, those of the diacyl-glyceryl component are still unclear. Gilleron et al. concluded from their mass spectral data that PIM2 existed as a 62:38 mixture of two compounds with differing fatty acid acylation patterns, the major component contained a palmitate and ( R)-tuberculostearate (TBSA) residue bonded to the glycerol moeity. We have synthesised of a series of PIMs with differential acylation, and analogues with immune modulating properties that has determined the exact acylation pattern. The structure of 16:0; 19:0 PIM2 is 1. This paper will discuss the syntheses, structural analyses and biological activities of these molecules.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-02
23rd-25th June 2010
APPLICATION OF THE BIOREFINERY CONCEPT: CONVERSION OF LIGNOCELLULOSICS TO BIOFUELS AND BIOMATERIALS Nicolas Brosse and Roland El Hage Laboratoire dEtude et de Recherche sur le Matriau Bois, Facult des Scien ces et Techniques, Bld des Aiguillettes, 54500 Vandoeuvre-ls-Nancy, France E-mail: [e-mail] Lignocellulosic materials derived from agro-industrial activities offer a great opportunity for the development of environmentally benign technologies for the production of biofuels, green chemicals and biodegradable materials. However, the plant cell wall bears a very close association among its 3 main components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose) and this association limits the extent by which lignocellulosics can be utilized in industrial processes. Thus, the effective utilization of lignocellulosic biomass necessitates the development of pretreatment technologies which are ne cessary to separate them. One of the major goals of optimizing a pretreatment process is the full recovery of the feedstock through optimum utilization of all lignocellulosic components as marketable products. In this lecture, we will expose the composition, the chemical structure and the organization of the biopolymers in lignocellulosic materials. Then, we will describe the optimization of the ethanol organosolv pretreatment of Miscanthus x giganteus; this perennial grass requires little nitrogen fertilizer or herbicide and can grow to over 3 meters tall per year to produce from 20 to 25 tons of dry matter per hectare. The optimized conditions permitted a good separation of hemicelluloses in a water soluble fraction and cellulose in the solid residue. This procedure also produces a large amount of a high -quality lignin which is relatively pure, primarily unaltered and less condensed than other pretreatment lignin. We will describe the impact of the treatments performed at different severities on the chemica l structure of the isolated lignin fragments by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. The results will be compared to those from milled wood lignin from the same feedstock. The results showed that an increase in the severity of the treatment enhanced the dehydration reactions on the side chain and the condensation of lignin, increased the concentration of phenol groups and decreased the molecular mass of lignin fragments. The resulting cellulose-rich material was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis an d fermentation for the production of ethanol and the organosolv lignin was used as lignin-based wood adhesives satisfying the requirements of relevant international standards for the manufacture of wood particleboard.
KN-03 NATURAL PRODUCTS FROM SOME INDIGENOUS MEDICINAL PLANTS Wong Keng Chong School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Many plants growing in Malaysia are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of ailments but for most of them little is known abo ut their chemical constituents. This paper describes the isolation and structural elucidation of some novel as well as rare naturally -occurring compounds from a number of these plants. These natural products in clude terpenoids, flavonoids and limonoids.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-04
INSTITUT KIMIA MALAYSIA AND CHEMISTRY AS A PROFESSION IN MALAYSIA Soon Ting Kueh Institut Kimia Malaysia, 127B Jalan Aminuddin Baki, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, 60 000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Institut Kimia Malaysia (IKM) is a professional scientific organization in Malaysia. IKM was inaugurated on April 8, 1967 and incorporated under the Chemists Act 1975 on November 1, 1977. Under the A ct, IKM regulates the practice of chemistry in Malaysia. It also represents the chemistry profession and promotes the advancement of chemistry in Malaysia. This Lecture gives a brief description of the Chemists Act 1975 and its By-Laws. It will also discuss chemistry as a profession in Malaysia. An account on IKM, including its Council, membership, publications, scientific meetings, continuing education and professional development, national and international affiliations and collaborations, and other activ ities will also be presented. The Lecture also discusses the roles of chemistry in the socio -economic development of nations. Chemistry is also expected to provide solution to current world problems such as food safety and security, fresh water resources, renewable and sustainable energy, and climate change.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-05
23rd-25th June 2010
SOME RECENT ADVANCES IN THE USE OF RICE HUSK SILICA AS A SUPPORT FOR HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST-THE OXIDATION OF BENZENE AND PHENOL AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Two methods were employed to obtain sodium silicate from rice husk (RH) as shown: Method 1:
600 oC RH 5h
Method 2:
NaOH White ash RT, 1 h Sodium silicate
RHA-CuCe catalyst
NaOH RH RT, 24 h Sodium silicate RH-Fe catalyst
Using method 1, bimetallic copper-ceria incorporated heterogeneous catalysts were prepared. The oxidation of benzene to phenol with 30 % H2O2 in liquid-phase was carried out over the catalysts using acetonitrile as solvent at 343 K under atmosphere pressure. The high activity and phenol selectivity observed under mild reaction conditions (343 K, atmospheric pressure) could be correlated to the 2 -1 enhanced textural properties such as BET surface area (403 -279 m g ) and large pore volume (0.903 -1 0.54 m g ). Conversion during catalytic performance followed the order RHA 10Cu50Ce >RHA 10Cu20Ce > RHA10Cu5Ce while phenol selectivity followed the order RHA 10Cu20Ce >RHA10Cu50Ce 3+ > RHA10Cu5Ce. Using method 2, a series of iron incorporated rice husk silica catalysts (5 - 20 wt % Fe ) were prepared. These catalysts were probed for the oxidation of phenol using H 2O2 as the oxidant. 3+ Catalytic performance increased up to 10 wt % Fe loading. Further increase in the Fe content reduced 3+ the phenol conversion. Higher Fe loading (>10 % Fe ) resulted in smaller pore size which lead to catalytic deficiency in phenol oxidation. Phenol oxidation by RH -10Fe gave 95.2 % conversion at 343 K with selective formation of 61.3 % catechol (CAT) and 38.7 % hydroquinone (HQ). The CAT/HQ ratio was found to be constant during the reaction suggesting a non free radical mechanism was operative.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-06
A NEWLY WATER SOLUBLE LIGNIN GRAFT COPOLYMER FROM OIL PALM LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTE FOR HYDROCARBON DRILLING OPERATION
1
M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim, M. R. Ahmed-Haras and C. S. Sipaut
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Sabah , Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
In this study, water soluble lignin graft copolymer (LGC) was synthesis using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPFEFB) fibre as a renewable biomass source. Initially, Kraft lignin (KL) was extract ed by exploiting the OPEFB fibre Kraft pulping residue. KL was grafted with acrylic acid (AA) by using p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTS) as a catalyst in the condensation process via the bulk technique. The resulting copolymer was characterized by a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) and carbon-hydrogen-nitrogen analyzer (CHN). The FTIR spectrum of the product showed absorption due to the presence of ester bonds as a proof of grafting. The DSC and TG-FTIR results showed significant improvements in the KL thermal properties at least 27.61 % as well as a thermal degradation resistance. The elements percentages of KL compositions were changed as shown by the CHN data. SEM micrographs illustrated the grafting reaction homogenizing the KL morphological structure. In optimization process of LGC formulation at different aging temperature, LGC at low dosage of 0.5 % (w/w) showed good gelling and viscosity building abilities. At 200 C for 16 hours, LGC able to maintain the pH of drilling mud at desired pH range of 8 - 10 and gelling strength compare to other commercial additives such as CMC, guar gum and xanthane which showed severe decrease at high temperature. The tafel plot result revealed that LGC able to act as a corrosion retardant agent in the drilling mud itself.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-07
23rd-25th June 2010
TEACHING GREEN CHEMISTRY: METRICS FOR EVALUATING SYNTHESIS SCHEMES Stephan Jaenicke Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543 E-mail: [e-mail] Green and Sustainable Chemistry has become a buzz word. Many schemes are proposed for a greening of chemical reactions, such as implementation of catalytic steps, conducting reactions in water or ionic liquids, solvent-less reactions, the use of microwave heating and other means of process intensification. However, many of these schemes are unpractical, unsuitable for scale -up, or neglect follow-up operations which are more damaging than what has been avoided. A realistic assessment of the environmental benefit of a process is therefore required. The pharmaceutical industry has grown relative to other branches of the chemical industry and now provides the majo rity of jobs for fresh graduates. However, this industry is characterized by multi -step syntheses, during which large amounts of waste are produced. The peculiarities of the pharmaceutical approval process require that the process is fixed very early in development. Consequently, the potential synthesis schemes have to be evaluated at a very early stage for their environmental impact in order to come up with a green by design process. This necessitates the availability of proper tools to evaluate competin g reaction sequences with regards of their potential environmental impact . Various indicators have been proposed, such as Trosts atom economy and Sheldons E -factor. The presentation will address the problems in generating metrics which make it possible to quantitatively assess green-ness. Such metrics should not only be based on weights and volumes, but should also consider toxicology and environmental impact as well as economic factors and the elegance of a synthesis. The talk will discuss the problems connected with integrating the concepts of green chemistry in undergraduate and graduate curriculum, and introduce different metrics that have been proposed, mostly by researchers in industry.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-08
CASCADE CATALYSIS: A GREEN APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF MENTHOLS AND 4ALKYLCYCLOHEXANOLS Gaik-Khuan Chuah National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 117543 E-mail: [e-mail] Catalytic cascade conversions are increasingly considered for organic syntheses d ue to savings in time, energy and materials. Such conversions eliminate the recovery of intermediates, while the presence of a catalyst minimizes the need for stoichiometric amounts of reagents, thereby reducing the wastes generated. The one-pot transformation of citral to menthols involves a triple cascade of hydrogenation, isomerization and hydrogenation steps. Due to the side products that can be formed, the first step in this route requires a highly selective route where the conjugated C=C bond in citra l is first hydrogenated to form ()-citronellal.
C=O
H2 C=O
acid sites OH isopulegol
H2 OH
E/Z-citral
()-citronellal
menthol
In another cascade reaction, the hydrogenation of 4-tert-butylphenol and p-cresol to the corresponding alkylcyclohexanol was investigated.
OH 2H2 Rh R R = tert-butyl or methyl R enol
ads
OH
O iPrOH Zr R ketone
OH +
OH
R cis-alcohol
R trans-alcohol
The talk will discuss the investigation into suitable catalytic systems for the formation of the desired products with good yields.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-09
23rd-25th June 2010
NITROALKANES AS STARTING CARBANIONS IN THE MICHAEL REACTION R Ballini, S Gabrielli and A Palmieri School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy E-mail: [e-mail] Conjugate addition of carbon nucleophiles to electron -poor alkenes is of paramount importance among the large body of synthetic processes. Nitroalkanes are a valuable source of stabilized carbanions since the high electron-withdrawing power of the nitro group provides an outstanding enhancement of the hydrogen acidity at the -position (cf. pKa MeNO2 = 10). Nitronate anions 2 that can be generated from nitroalkanes 1 using a wide range of bases act as carbon nucleophiles with common Michael acceptors 3, leading to carbon-carbon bond (Figure 1). These reactions constitute the key starting steps for a variety of synthetic process for the preparation of a huge series of fine chemicals (Figure 2). The main results will be reported.
NO2 NO2 EWG R R1 O2N EWG
base
R R1 R
3 2
R1
1 Fig. 1
Furans
4
Lactones
Spiroketals
NO2
Pyrroles
R R1
+
EWG
Cyclopentenes
F i g. 2
Benzenes
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-10
HOLLOW FIBRE-LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION: GREEN SAMPLE PREPARATION STRATEGY FOR THE ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION OF SELECTED ANALYTES Bahruddin Saad School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The hollow fibre-liquid phase microextraction (LPME), introduced by Pedersen -Bjergaard and Rasmussen of the University of Oslo in 1999, has received much attention lately. In this technique, the extracting solvent is trapped inside the pores of a porous polypropylene hollow fiber (typical properties: porosity, 70 %; pore size, 0.2 m; wall thickness, 200 m; internal diameter, 600 m). Analytes are extracted from an aqueous sample (donor phase), into the organic solvent immobilized in the pores of the fibre wall, and into the acceptor solution placed inside the lumen of the hollow fiber (acceptor phase). Subsequently, the acceptor solution is removed by a micro -syringe and transferred for the final analysis (e.g., gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis). The technique is considered green as only a few L of organic solvent is used as extracting solvent, and often high enrichments are obtained largely from the large donor to acceptor phase ratios. The application of the LPME technique as a sample preparation procedure for the analysis of biogenic amines in food as well as the major and minor fatty acids in palm oil samples will be presented.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-11
23rd-25th June 2010
NOVEL BIOACTIVE SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM BORNEON MARINE ORGANISMS Charles S. Vairappan Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah E-mail: [e-mail] Natural products particularly marine derived metabolites are being explored with the hope of finding novel functional molecules. Marine derived organic compounds have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases and serve as compounds of inter est both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. The search for these metabolites is still in its infancy in Malaysia, although we have one of the most diverse marine environments such as lagoons, bays, estuaries, mangroves swamps and fringing coral reefs. These environments are ideal for the growth and existence of a wide variety of seaweed and soft corals, some of which are specific and are not to be found in other parts of the world. The exploration of secondary metabolites fro m marine organisms is mainly focused on seaweed, soft corals and sponges. Seaweed chemistry has always been focused on red algae genus Laurencia. Members of this genus are known to be prolific producers of halogenated bioactive metabolites. Over the last 5 years, we have isolated more than 40 bioactive secondary metabolites from North Borneon Laurencia, and 50 % were of novel structure. These compounds could be structurally grouped into C15-acetogenin (9), chamigrene (6), C15-bromoallene (4), cuparane (1), and diterpenes (1). Chemical investigation of soft coral was focused on four main genus, Sinularia, Nepthea, Lobophyton, and Sarcophyton. To date, a total of 25 secondary metabolites were isolated and identified and 12 were identified as novel. These novel compounds could be classified into sterol (2) and diterpenes (10). Novel metabolites from Laurencia and soft coral showed potent biological activities against clinical bacteria and tumor cells, in various intensities. On the other hand, these metabolites could also be utilized as chemo-taxonomical markers in taxonomical systematic.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-12
POLYMERIC SEPARATION MEMBRANES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS RECOVERY AGAINST GLOBAL WARMING Kazukiyo Nagai Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] Membrane is an interphase between two adjacent phases acting as a selective barrier, regulating the transport of substances between the two compartments. It is employed for specific functions including separation of gases and liquids, ions, or biological matters. Membrane separation technology enjoys various advantages over conventional methodologies such as isothermal operation at low temperatures, no requirement for additives, low energy consumption and ease of integration into other se paration or reaction processes. To date, this technique has gained multidimensional significance as in air separation, nitrogen purification, natural gas separation, flue gas purification, dehydration, volatile organic compounds (VOC) recovery etc. In particular, many countries focus on both the production of hydrogen as a clean energy source and removal of carbon dioxide (CO2) to prevent global warming. High-pressure CO2 can plasticize glassy polymer membranes. Membrane plasticization has a negative impact on gas separation involving natural gas purification (CO2/CH4 separation), the removal of CO2 from power plant emissions (CO2/air separation), and hydrogen purification (CO2/H2 separation) for use in fuel cells and oil refining. As a matter of fact, properties of a membrane strongly depend upon the chemical structure and microstructure of the polymer. Therefore, the synthesis of novel polymers with well -defined structure as designed membrane materials, will not only contribute to the development of new membrane materials but will lead to a significant advancement in the science and technology of membranes as well. This keynote lecture presents polymeric separation membranes for greenhouse gas, especially CO2, recovery against global warming.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-13
23rd-25th June 2010
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CONCEPT EVOLVED GAS ANALYSIS WITH SOFT IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY Takahisa Tsugoshi National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), AIST Central 3, 1 -1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] On EGA technique as thermal analysis, interface device between a furnace and a mass spectrometer (MS) that is superior for EGA to other techniques in terms of high sensitivity, identification of unknown species and real-time monitoring of pyrolysis behavior, is very important device because the interface device might cause to trap and/or to denature analytes as pyrolyzed unstable species. The capillary interface that is the most popular device between TG and MS as an application of EGA -MS were generally kept at 200 C, hence it has a problem mentioned above. As a solution of this prob lem, a skimmer interface has been developed and applied to new EGA instrument. On the other hand, a mass spectrometer with electron ionization that is one of the most popular ionization techniques offered complex spectrum included obstacle peaks due to the fragmentation during ionization. The ion attachment (IA) technique does not produce the obstacle peaks due to the fragmentation because the IA is completely soft-ionization technique. To realize the solutions above-mentioned, we developed a new EGA apparatus with skimmer interface and IA-QMS. The apparatus consisted of IA-QMS model L241G-IA (Canon ANELVA Technix Co.) and IR image furnace with skimmer interface based on TPD type R (Rigaku Co.) The skimmer interface consisted of two conical quartz tubes wit h orifices respectively. The schematic of this instrument and its application of polymer pyrolysis and VOC evolution monitoring will be presented. Acknowledgment- This work was partially supported by KAKENHI (20550141), and Regional Innovation Creation R&D Programs, METI, Japan.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-14 CARBON NANOTUBES- THE ROAD TO COMMERCIALIZATION Abdul Rahman Mohamed
School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the advanced materials, have emerged as one of the most important st components of the nanotechnology. CNTs have been said the most innovative materials of the 21 century due to their extraordinary properties and their enormous potential applications. The unique structure and properties of CNTs have seen a wide range of the potential applications in advanced technologies. New applications for these amazing nanotubes are being reported daily in electronics, chemistry, optics and biology. One of our core CNTs synthesis technologies is the decomposition of methane via catalytic vapour deposition (CVD). This technology adopts an easy and simple single-step process to decompose methane gas into carbon and hydrogen with the presence of a catalyst. Our findings represent a major breakthrough in the CNTs field, simultaneously addressing many critical problems, such as scalability, purity, and cost that had plagued the use of CNTs for real applications and opens up new opportunities ranging from biology to nanodevices and optical applications. It is noteworthy that the demand of CNTs is growing exponentially in recent years and it is expected that CNTs will eventually be a high-volume, low-margin commodity business. In this regard, we received funding from several venture capitals such as Malaysian Technology Development Corporation (MTDC), Malaysia Venture Capital Management Bhd (Cradle Investment Program) and Biotech Corp to foster commercialization of CNTs synthesis technology. In 2008, a pilot plant was built for the large scale production of CNTs. The batch type pilot plant consists of 3 horizontal reactors and a vertical reactor. The pilot plant works perfectly according to the design and it can produce 10 kg of CNTs per year. To further increase the productivity, our group has developed a rotary horizontal reactor for the continuous production of CNTs recently, and this is the first continuous CNTs production reactor in Malaysia. The rotary reactor is expected t o produce 1000 kg of CNTs per year. After decade of research in the CNTs synthesis, we have filed a patent for multiple countries on the process and catalyst to produce CNTs. Now, it is the time to move ahead to market the CNTs products and to commercialize the innovative production technology.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-15
23rd-25th June 2010
THE PROTEIN SENSING BY SEQUESTRATION ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
1
Hideki Kuramitz and Kazuharu Sugawara
2
1
Department of Environmental Biology and Chemistry, Graduate School of Sc ience and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan 2 Faculty of Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, 371 -0816 Japan E-mail: [e-mail]
The binding assay is one of the most important methods to detect protein and its ligand in the field of clinical, food and environmental analysis. Generally, the assays are based on a reaction in which an analyte displaces a labeled ligand. Binding assays using a nonisotopic label like an enzyme have increased dramatically in recent years. Electrochemical binding assays are a group of non -isotopic techniques that have been subject of continued research and development. However, most of the assays require a separation procedure to remove free labeled molecules from those bound to the protein before any measurements can be made. The separation process not only complicates the operation and is time-consuming but may also prevent simpler and easier to automate. We reported earlier on some simple electrochemical binding assays using ligand labeled with an electroactive compound to detect interaction between protein and its ligand. Most importantly, these methods do not need the separation step, since the protein ligand interaction can be evaluated solely on the basis of changes in the electrochemical response of free ligand labeled with an electroactive compound. In these cases, the signal from the labeled ligand disappears or reduces on binding with protein. This principle for the detection is called sequestration electrochemist ry. We present some applications of sequestration electrochemistry. i) Application to the receptor endocrine disrupter chemicals and cholera toxinsugar chain system. ii) A spectroelectrochemical method incorporated the detection principle of sequestration electrochemistry that has three modes of selectivity, i.e., electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and chemical partitioning, which can operate simultaneously in a single device. iii) The deployment of the sequestration electrochemistry onto the electrode or magnetic microbead surface.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-16 GREEN INITIATIVES M. G. SETHURAMAN
Gandhigram Rural University, Gandhigram 624 302, Tamil Nadu, India E-mail: [e-mail] Development of technologies that sustain protection activities of materials and energy in harmony with the environment is an important issue. Man being aware of the destructions he causes to the environment takes remedial measures/turns to alternative methods. The lecture highlights the work carried out by us in the development of varnishes from green materials. Fibrous plant materials containing furfural are condensed with tannins in the presence of for maldehyde to give phenolformaldehyde type resins. Such fibrous materials like palm fruit fibre, aricanut fibre and coconut fibre are used in our laboratories. Similarly, phenolic constituents like tannins, cashew net shell liquid are obtained from such sources like Anacardium occidentale. The condensation of hydrolysates of these fibrous materials with polyphenolic rich extracts yielded Bakelite type resins which when suspended in oils such as dehydrated castor oils, tung oil yielded varnishes after the ad dition of dryers and anti skinning agents. These varnishes had optimum drying time, good gloss, excellent scratch resistance and greater stability in acid and water medium. Similarly from plant sources green corrosion inhibitors are developed. These inhibitors are not only eco-friendly but also non-toxic. From our laboratories, the anticorrosion effects of Rauvolfia sarpentina, Solanum nigrum, Solanum tuberosum, Datura metel, Datura starmonium, Calotropis procera and Strychnos nux-vomica have been reported. Further, the chemical principles responsible for the anticorrosion effect are also isolated and studied. This has brought to light the corrosion inhibition potential of such heterocyclic compounds like atropine, brucine and solasodine. Thus, these initiatives replace toxic components which otherwise may be used in the manufacture of the industrially useful materials for preparation of surface coatings formulations/corrosion inhibitors.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-17
23rd-25th June 2010
ENZYME AND DNA BASED BIOSENSORS FROM ACRYLIC MICRO/NANOSPHERES Lee Yook Heng, Alizar Ulianas, Yew Pei Ling and Musa Ahmad School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor E-mail: [e-mail] This paper is aimed to demonstrate how nano-materials can be applied to bioanalysis via the fabrication of biosensing devices. The advantages of using nano -materials in biosensor applications, especially as a membrane material for the immobilization of biomolecules i s a recent but major development in the field of biosensor technology and innovation. Nano -materials can provide a larger surface area for biomolecule attachment apart from improving conductivity in the case of metallic nanoparticles when applied to electrochemical biosensors. These properties of nano-materials resulted in good analyte diffusion and easy signal transduction to the electrode and hence improve the overall analytical performance of the biosensor such as response time, linear response range a nd detection limit. In this paper we discuss the use of a new nano-material such as acrylic polymer nanospheres for biosensor fabrication. These hydrophobic acrylic materials can be prepared using rapid and direct photopolymerisation of acrylate monomers in aqueous phase. These acrylic spheres of size from 200 500 nm with surface modification allowed the attachment of biomolecules such as enzymes and DNA probes. Because of the good adhesion nature of these micro/nanospheres, they can be coated directly onto the electrode surface, without the loss of the bio-recognition elements of the biosensor. The improved performance of the biosensors for urea, formaldehyde and DNA based on micro/nanospheres and gold nano-particles using potentiometric, amperometric and optical transductions will be discussed.
KN-18 CHIRALLY FUNCTIONALIZED STATIONARY PHASE FOR ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN CAPILLARY LC Lee Wah Lim and Toyohide Takeuchi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1 -1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] The separation of chiral compounds has been of great interest because the majority of biomolecules such as amino acids, sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, etc, are chiral. In nature, some of these biomolecules (except macromolecules) exist either in the L-form or the D-form, which are normally called enantiomers or optical isomers, and the separation of these enantiomers is very important because some enantiomers show totally different biological activities than their optical isomers. In liquid chromatography (LC), enantiomeric separation can be performed in three modes, i.e. by forming diastereomer / derivatization of samples, or by adding chiral selectors to the mobile phase, or the most popular type, by using chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Up till now, a great number of CSPs have been developed and are commercially available; there are CSPs which are modified with cyclodextrins (CDs), CD derivatives, proteins, crown-ethers, polysaccharides, macrocyclic antibiotics, the Pirkle-type phases (chiral recognition occurs at binding sites), and etc. However, none of these CSPs can be considered universal, i.e. has the ability to separate all classes of chiral compounds , and the preparation procedures are rather time-consuming and complicated. In this paper, we focused on the use of commercially available CD derivatives (especially -CD or -CD), which can be easily bonded onto silica gel stationary phases, for the separation of dansyl amino acids in capillary LC using both packed and monolithic capillary columns.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-19
APPLICATIONS OF DOMINO REACTIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS S.Perumal School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, India E-mail: [e-mail] Domino reactions are one pot processes involving two or more reactions occurring in sequence. These reactions are also known as cascade or tandem processes. Nature employs domino reactions in building several complex molecules. Since all the reactions occur in one pot, all of them need to have comparable activation energies. The products of intermediate steps are usually not isolated and purified in this synthetic protocol. Hence waste disposal is kept minimal in these processes thereby saving a lot of solvent, adsorbent, etc. and the yield of the final product is maximized. Thus this synthetic protocol is eco-friendly and green. As several reactions occur in one pot, this protocol usually provides a rapid access to complex molecules, thus rendering the synthetic protocols, efficient, elegant, expedient, economic and convergent. Consequently, synthesis involving domino reactions is increasingly preferred to construct complex molecules. Domino reactions are usually serendipitous, alth ough now more and more target-oriented syntheses involving tandem reactions are reported in literature. In this lecture, a few examples from literature and from the authors research group on the use of domino reactions in building up of some interesting structures will be discussed.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-20
23rd-25th June 2010
FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE ENERGY TRANSFER TO NANOPARTICLES, GRAPHENE AND CARBON NANOTUBES R.S. Swathi and K. L. Sebastian Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institut e of Science, Bangalore 560012, India E-mail: [e-mail] We study the process of resonance energy transfer from fluorescent dye molecules that serve as energy donors to three types of energy acceptors namely, a metal nanoparticle, a graphene sh eet and carbon nanotubes. In all the cases, we evaluate the rate of energy transfer and study its dependence on the distance between the donor and the acceptor. For the case of energy transfer from the dye fluorescein -6 to a 1.4 nm diameter gold nanoparticle, we find that the rate follows the usual Forster type R distance -n dependence at large distances. But, at short distances, the rate follows a R dependence with n>6. This is attributed to the effect of quadrupolar and octupolar modes of excitation of t he nanoparticle. For the -4 case of energy transfer from the dye pyrene to graphene, we obtain a z dependence of the rate on the distance. Our analysis implies that for the case of pyrene kept at a distance z above the plane of graphene, fluorescence quenching can be experimentally observed up to a distance of 300 , which is quite large in comparison with the traditional FRET limit (100 ). Recent experiments have in fact observed fluorescence quenching of dyes near graphene. Further, the process has been f ound to be very useful in fabricating devices based on graphene, in eliminating fluorescence signals in resonance Raman spectroscopy and in visualising graphene sheets based on fluorescence quenching microscopy. In the -5 case of transfer to the single-walled carbon nanotubes, we find both exponential and d behaviour. For the case of metallic nanotubes, when the emission energy of the fluorophore is less than a threshold, -5 the dependence is exponential. Otherwise, it is d . For the case of semiconducting nanotubes, we find that the rate follows an exponential dependence if the amount of energy that is transferred can excite only the excitonic transition of the tube. However, if any other band gap transition is allowed, the rates -5 follow d dependence. For the case of transfer from pyrene to a (6, 4) nanotube, we find that the rate -5 has a d dependence and energy transfer is appreciable up to a distance of 175 .
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-21
OPPORTUNITIES IN MICROELECTRONIC PACKAGING, CHALLENGES AND THE NEED FOR INNOVATION Chee Choong Kooi Assembly Technology Development Malaysia (ATD -M), Intel Malaysia, Bayan Lepas Free Trade Zone, 11900 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] While you were surfing the Internet, playing your games or wo rking on your project, did you ever wonder what kind of microprocessors are being used? How are the microchips in your computers developed and manufactured? What are the materials used to obtain a robust package? How can the materials affect the performance of devices? Wonder no more! This paper answers these questions and explains the assembly packaging of advanced microchip. The challenges and trends of high density interconnection (HDI) assembly packaging of the semiconductor industry evolved based on Mo ores Law. It also considers the challenging trends of increasing transistor numbers, I/O counts, electrical power and thermal generations. In general, the impacts of Moores Law are the reduction in package dimensions, enhancement in microchip features an d increment of package complexity. In an attempt to provide an insight on how assembly packaging affects the performance electronic packages, this paper discusses on topics such as fine line spacing for high density, robust interconnection solder and effi cient thermal interface materials for heat management. It also entails the emerging need of the system -inpackage technology used for the hand-held and mobile internet devices. This exciting technology trend that drives the need for lower cost, higher performance and smaller form factor will require significant research and development effort leveraging the fundamentals of chemistry, thermal mechanic and materials science. University should continue to strengthen the basics of education and fundamentals of science to ensure students are able to adapt to this fast changing environment and generate innovative solutions on challenges of this exciting industry.
KN-22 SINGLE-STEP EXTRACTION FOR THE DETERMINATION OF IONIZIED AND NEUTRAL ANALYTES FROM COMPLEX SAMPLE MATRICES Basheer Chanbasha Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Electro-membrane isolation (EMI) is a novel miniaturized extraction procedure in which the target analytes are facilitated to diffuse through a porous membrane under an electrical potential. This method has the merits of high selectivity, low cost, negligible consumption of organic solvent, and is readily coupled with most of the separation techniques. We have recently demonstrated* the feasibility of simultaneously extracting acidic and basic drugs under ambient sample pH using EMI involving the use of a three-compartment membrane envelope, filled with buffer and organic solvent, immersed in the sample solution. In this presentation, a single-step extraction procedure for the wide range of polar compounds from complex evironmetnal, food and biomedical samples will be reported. *Highlighted in TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 9, October 2007, Pages 843-846
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-23 STRATEGIES IN NATURAL PRODUCT RESEARCH Khalijah Awang
23rd-25th June 2010
Chemistry Department, University Of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Malaysia is blessed with one of the most diversed a nd oldest flora in the world. In addition, our multicultural society is rich in traditional medicine heritage from three different races; Malay, Chinese and Indian. Thus the rich flora coupled with traditional medicine heritage, research in Natural Product s is of great importance to our country. Research in this area could help us understand the medicinal treasure of our nation scientifically and can also help us to discover new bio -active compounds that can be used as leads in drug development. This presen tation shall briefly discuss on the strategies that can be taken in Natural Product Research to get new lead compounds such as meiogynin, walsogyne A, delaumonones A, maingayone B and also maingayone C to discover the active ingredient/s of plants used in our traditional medicine.
COOH
OH HO O
H3C COOH H H3C H CH 3 H CH 3 CH 3
O
OH O O
CHO H O O O
Meiogynin
Walsogyne A
O R1 OH
OH HO OH O H H H O O
O
HO HO R2
H
OR O
H
OH
HO
HO
O
O
6 : Maingayone B : R1 = OH, R2 = H 7 : Maingayone C : R1 = H, R2 = OH
Delaumonones A (Antiplasmodial)
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-24 IONIC LIQUIDS-YOUR GREEN SOLUTION Cecilia Devi Wilfred
Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 31750 Tronoh, Perak E-mail: [e-mail] Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts composed of organic cations and inorga nic or organic anions, which are poorly coordinated, resulting these solvents being liquid below 100 C. The unique combination of the cations and anions give low melting points, high thermal stability, liquidity over a wide temperature range, negligible vapor pressures, low inflammability, highly solvating capacity for both polar and non polar compounds and high electrical conductivity. ILs are receiving much attention in many important areas of research and commercial applications such as absorption media for gas separations, solvents for reactions, heat transfer fluids, separating agent in extractive distillation, for processing biomass, as the working fluid in a variety of electrochemical applications (batteries, capacitors, solar cells, etc.), as lubricants and in biocatalysts. Can ILs be fit to be called a green solvent? ILs as alternative solvents for organic transformations has been extensively investigated. ILs are safer solvents compared to standard organic solvents because they are non-flammable, have no vapour pressure and can be reused. To answer whether ILs meets green qualities, we will look into aspects whether they adhere to the twelve principles of green chemistry.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia KN-25
23rd-25th June 2010
PD-CATALYZED CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF POLYOLEFINS WITH NOVEL STRUCTURES AND THEIR PROPERTIES Daisuke Takeuchi Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] Conventional transition-metal-catalyzed copolymerization of ethylene with an olefin monomer produces polyethylene having the substituents due to the olefin monomer, distributed randomly along the polymer main chain. It has been difficult to control the sequence of these monomers in the copolymer. Herein we report Pd-catalyzed polymerization of 1,6-heptadienes and cyclopentenes having various alkyl groups, which produces the polymer with cyclic repeating units located in controlled intervals along the main chain.
N Me
N Pd Cl 1
N Me
N Pd Cl 2
Pd diimine complex (1) and NaBARF (BARF = B{C6H3(CF3)2-3,5}4) initiates the cyclopolymerization of allyl(2-butenyl)malonate (I-1) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature to produce the polymer having trans-1,2disubstituted cyclopentane rings. The polymerization of 1,6-dienes with longer polymethylene chain and various substituents also proceeds to afford the polymers with trans-fused cyclopentane rings and the linear polymethylene chain.
H (CH2)n Pd Complex O O O O O O O O n = 0 - 10 (CH2)n m
I-n (n = 0 - 10)
(CH2)n II-n (n = 1 - 10)
Pd Complex H
(CH2)n m n = 1 - 10
Pd diimine complex (1) also promotes the polymerization of 4-methylcyclopentene (II-1) in the presence of NaBARF to give the polymer having trans-1,3-disubstituted cyclopentane rings. C2-symmetric Pd diimine complex (2) yields the polymer having similar structure with high isotacticity (r > 93%). The polymerization of 4-alkylcyclopentenes with a longer alkyl group also proceeds to give polymers with trans-fused 1,3-cyclopentane rings located at regulated intervals along the linear polymer chain. Polymers obtained by 1 show good solubility in CHCl3 at room temperature, whereas those obtained by 2 show low solubility in organic solvent, which indicates high isospecificity of the polymerization catalyzed by 2. Isotactic poly(II-n)s obtained by 2/NaBARF show liquid crystalline properties, although they do not have polar functionalized groups or aromatic structure.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION (ANALYTICAL)
ANA-O1 INTERVARIETIAL VARIATION IN NUTRITIONAL AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIALS OF MUNGBEAN ( VIGNA RADIATA L.) AI Hussain, SAS Chatha, MS Iqbal and A Jabbar Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] This research work was carried out to investigate the intervaratial variations in nutritional and antioxidant potential of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). The mungbean samples after grinding were extracted using soaking and shaking methods with 100 and 80 % methanol. The proximate compositions in terms of moisture, ash, fibre and protein contents varied non -significantly with respect to various cultivars. The antioxidant potential of extracts was assessed using some antioxidant assays like estimation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC), percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid system, reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. TPC, TFC, reducing power, % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system and DPPH radical scavenging activity of different mungbean extracts were found in range of 0.681 - 1.04 g/100 g of GAE, 1.47 2.22 g/100 g of CE, 0.872 - 0.981, 56.20 - 78.73 %, 16.66 31.47 mg/mL respectively. The amount of TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activity of different mungbean extracts varied significantly but no significant variations were found in the amount of TFC, percentage inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system and reducing power among various cultivars and extraction methods. From the results of present investigations it is reasonable to say that methanolic extracts of mungbeans have exhibited varying degree of antioxidant activity.
ANA-O2 INTERVARIETIAL VARIATIONS IN PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF DRY PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM L) SAS Chatha, M Majeed, AI Hussain and MKK Khosa Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] This research work was carried out to investigate the intervarietial variations in proximate composition and antioxidant potential of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.). The dry peas samples after grinding were extracted using stirring method with 100 and 80 % methanol. The proximate composition in terms of moisture (7.00 - 8.50 %), ash (3.85 - 4.97 %), fiber (3.8 - 12.3 %) and protein (17.3 - 18.8 %) contents varied significantly with respect to various cultivars. The antioxidant potential of extracts was as sessed using some antioxidant assays like estimation of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoids contents (TFC), percentage inhibition of peroxidation of linoleic acid system, reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. TPC, TFC, reducing power, % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of different dry peas extracts were fo und in range of 0.651 - 0.684 g/100 g of GAE, 0.021 - 0.041 g/100 g of CE, 0.713 - 0.895, 40.051 - 84.608 %, 18.097 - 24.591 mg/mL, respectively. The amount of TFC and % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic system of different dry peas extracts varied significantly but non significant variations were found in the amount of TPC, DPPH radical scavenging capacity and reducing power among various cultivars and solvents. From the results of present investigations it is reasonable to say that methanolic extracts of dry peas have exhibited varying degree of antioxidant activity.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O3
23rd-25th June 2010
DEVELOPMENT OF MODIFIED ELECTRODES FOR THE MECHANISTIC STUDY OF LIPOXYGENASE AND FATTY ACIDS OF COOKING PALM OIL
1
Zahra A Jarjes, Mohamad Razip Samian and Sulaiman Ab Ghani
2 1
1 2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The hydrolysis of cooking palm oil by a commercial lipase from yeast of Candida rugosa has been studied. The optimum enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.5, temperature 37 C, incubation time 60 min, enzyme 0.1 g and substrate weight 2 g. The optimum condition was also studied for the hydrolysis of cooking palm oil on carbon electrodes. The cyclic voltammetry of redox reactions between liberated fatty acids substrate with the lipoxygenase enzyme immobilized on ammonium salts modified nafion membrane on the carbon electrodes were investigated. At medium pH 7 and in potassium phosphate -2 solution as buffer and also as supporting electrolyte a current density of 1.4 mA cm was obtained. This cathodic current was ascribed to the direct reduction of peroxyl radical of fatty acids on the electrodes.
ANA-O4 METHOD DEVELOPMENT FOR DETERMINATION PHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANTS IN SEVERAL PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS USING RP-HPLC-UV/Vis Mohammed Akkbik, Zaini Assim and Fasihuddin Ahmad Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak E-mail: [e-mail] Simultaneous determinations of phenolic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and octyl methylcinnamat (OMC) in several personal care products such as sunscreen cream, milk lotion, hair oil and hair gel has been optimized and validated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) equipped with UV/Vis detector. The analysis can be completed less than 6 minutes. An optimum result was achieved using mobile phase consists of Phase A (acetonitrile) and Phase B (mixture of water: acetic acid, 99:1, v/v). The dynamic range was between 1 to 250 mg/L with relative standard deviation below 0.8 %. Limit of detection for BHA, BHT and OMC were 0.78, 0.44 and 1.57 mg/L, respectively. While limit of quantification for BHA, BHT and OMC were 2.37, 1.33 and 4.77 mg/L, respectively. Recovery study was performed by spiking standard antioxidants at four different concentration levels using external standard addition method. The recovery for BHA, BHT and OMC were ranged from 92.5 - 104.8 %, 83.2 - 107.9 % and 87.3 - 103.7 %, respectively. The concentration of BHA in commercial personal care products, namely sunscreen cream, milk lotion, hair oil and hair gel were 4.87, 4.51, 1.27 and 3.91 mg/g, respectively. The amount of BHT in these personal care products were 1.33, 2.67, 0.215 and 0.869 mg/g, respectively. While, the amount of OMC in the same product was 65.9, 14.48, 0.124 and 0.817 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of phenolic antioxidants in these four personal care products were below than maximum allowable range in cosmetic formulation i.e 0.0002 - 0.5 % (w/w) for BHA and BHT and up to 7.5 % (w/w) for OMC.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O5
ADVANCES IN COLUMN TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ANALYSIS OF AFLATOXINS AND FUMONISINS
1
Wejdan Shakir Khayoon, Bahruddin Saad and Baharuddin Salleh
1
2
1 2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Aflatoxins (AFs) and fumonisins (Fms) are toxic metabolites produced by the fungi (i.e. Aspergillius and Fusarium) that readily colonise crops in the field or after harvest. Many foods and feeds can become contaminated with these mycotoxins since they can form in commodities before harvest, during the time between harvesting and drying, and during storage. Commodities and products frequently contaminated with AFs and Fms include corn, wheat, barley, rice, oats, nuts, milk, cheese, peanuts and cottonseed. Conventional analytical methods for the analysis of these mycotoxins include thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis and enzyme linked immune-assay. Most of liquid chromatographic methods employ particulate columns, mainly C18 columns, and have been widely used for the separation of mycotoxins in complex mixtures. However, routine analysis requires high-resolution and faster separations. The more recent monolithic columns that are made via solgel technology which enables the formation of highly porous material, (containing macropores and mesopores in its structure) represent an interesting advance in column technology. The unique combination of the very large internal surface area together with significantly higher total porosity result s in a reduction of the diffusion path and provides high permeability. The monoliths thus exhibit significantly lower back -pressures than the conventional columns and allow much higher flow rates to be employed. The main benefit of these high flow rates is the significant reduction in the overall run times, whilst maintaining separation efficiencies that are comparable to those obtainable with 5 m particulate columns. This presentation will focus on the HPLC method development on the separation of AFs an d Fms using the monolithic column, and their applications for the analysis of these mycotoxins in real samples.
ANA-O6 SEPARATION OF CHIRAL COMPOUNDS USING CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS Khaldun M. Al Azzam, *Bahruddin Saad and Rohana Adnan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has shown great promise in complementing the conventional separation methods, especially electrophoresis and liquid chromatography. CE is a high resolution separation technique which is amenable to a wide variety of solutes, including compounds which are thermally degradable, non-volatile and highly polar, and is therefore well suited for drug analysis. The main attraction of CE is that it is fast, use small amounts of sample and reagents, and extremely versatile, being able to separate large and small analytes, both neutral and charged. Because of this versatility, numerous methods have been developed in our laboratories and elsewhere . Examples include the assay and stability-indicating for the enantioseparation of the analeptic drug (modafinil) and the simultaneous enantioseparation of ofloxacin and ornidazole in pharmaceutical preparations. Computer modeling was used to elucidate the migration behaviour of the enantiomers.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O7
23rd-25th June 2010
BIODIESEL POTENTIAL OF MILO (THESPESIA POPULNEA) SEED OIL IN PAKISTAN
1
Farooq Anwar, Umer Rashid and Nasir Rasool
2
3
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture , Pakistan Department of Industrial Chemistry, Government College University, Pakistan 3 Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad -38000, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail]
2
1
The production of biodiesel from conventional vegetable oils is lead ing to food versus fuel dilemma. This has encouraged the researchers to explore some non -conventional and lesser known seed oils as feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present study, Milo ( Thespesia populnea) seed oil was evaluated for the first time as a potential feedstock for preparation of biodiesel. The hexane -extracted crude oil from T. populnea seeds was transmethylated under basic catalytic conditions using a lab scale biodiesel reactor. The optimum conditions elucidated for the transesterification of the investigated oil: o 6.5:1.0 molar ratio of methanol/oil, 65 C temperature and 0.90 % (oil weight basis) NaOCH3 catalyst offered 98.1 % yield of T. populnea methyl esters (TPMEs)/biodiesel. GC-MS analysis of the biodiesel produced revealed the presence of mainly four fatty acid methyl esters: linoleic acid (40.5 %), oleic acid (27.8 %), palmitic acid (25.7 %) and stearic acid (4.95 %). A small amount of 2-hexyl cyclopropaneoctanoic acid and arachadic acid with contribution 0.54 and 0.50 % respectively was also 1 examined. The H-NMR spectrum of TPMEs was also recorded for authentification purposes. The fuel quality characteristics of TPMEs which included density, kinematic viscosity, cetane number, flash -, cloud-, pour-, and cold filter plugging- points, sulfur and water contents and acid value compared well with ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 specifications, where applicable. These properties of the tested biodiesel were also found to be rather comparable with those of biodiesel derived from conventional oilseed crops suggesting its utilization as an acceptable substitute for petro -diesel.
ANA-O8 CAPACITIVELY COUPLED CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY AS HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTOR Ahmad Makahleh, *Bahruddin Saad and Hasnah Osman School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C D) in the axial electrode configuration was introduced in 1998 as a quantification method for capillary electrophoresis. Its universality allows the detection of small inorganic ions as well as organic and biochemical species. Due to its robustness, minimal maintenance demands and low cost, the popularity of this detector has been steadily growing. Applications have recently been extended to other analytical methods such as ion chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and flow-injection analysis. The main objective of this presentation is to provide an up-date on this fascinating technology. It will also focus on the working principles and selected applications in HPLC. Research activities within our group for the determination of fatty acids, betulinic acid, and sodium glutamate will be demonstrated.
4
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O9
THE ELECTROCATALYSIS OF GLYCEROL OXIDATION IN ALKALINE MEDIUM ON HCP NICKEL NANOCRYSTAL MODIFIED COMPOSITE GRAPHITE ELECTRODE
1
Ramin M.A.Tehrani, Ali Parsa, Sulaiman Ab Ghani and Fariba Bakhtiarzadeh
1
2
1
2
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Rey Branch, T ehran, Iran School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
A voltammetric technique by nanocrystalline hexagonal close-packed (hcp) Ni modified composite graphite (hcp-nano Ni/CG) was employed for the electrocatalysis of glycerol oxidation in alkaline medium. It was found that the electrocatalysis had occurred with the formation of NiOOH. In relation to bare CG the hcp-nano Ni/CG had a much better response and specificity on the electrocat alytic oxidation of glycerol in 1 M KOH. The Ni particle size, scan rate and concentration of glycerol have also affected the oxidation. A linear calibration plot was obtained over concentration range of 20 300 M glycerol with limit of detection (S/N = 3) 9.2 M glycerol. The hcp-nano Ni/CG was then suggested for use in direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFC).
ANA-O10 QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF DEFERIPRONE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY AND ITS APPLICATION TO PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY
1
Mateen Abbas, Rakhshanda Nawaz, Muhammad Rafique Asi, Muhammad Alim and Tahir Mahmood
1
1
2
1
1
Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2 Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalab ad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail]
The relative bioavailability of deferiprone has not been reported in Pakistani population. However, before generic formulation is placed on the market, pharmacokinetic studies of generic formulations are needed in indigenous condition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of deferiprone in healthy Pakistani adult male volunteers. A validated HPLC method was developed for the quantification of deferiprone in human plasma using ultraviolet detection. Chromatographic separation of deferiprone in plasma was performed on a C 18 column, with a mobile phase of methanol-buffer (18:82, v/v), adjusted to pH 3.5, and caffeine was used as an internal 2 standard. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.25 - 10 g/mL in human plasma (r = 0.9994). After oral administration of deferiprone (500 mg) to human, the plasma concentration -time curve of deferiprone was best conformed to two-compartment open model. The deferiprone plasma concentration showed a rapid absorption and the AUC o f deferiprone was 17.0 1.23 h g/mL. Total body clearance, volume of distribution and elimination rate constant of deferiprone after administration of deferiprone were 32.7 2.78 L/h, 129 32.0 L and 1.21 0.47 L/h, respectively. Average absorption and elimination half-life values of deferiprone of 24 volunteers were 0.62 0.12 hours and 2.65 0.43 hours. This study confirms the rapid absorption of deferiprone in humans. AUC was similar t o that previously reported but Cmax was slightly lower than that stated in the literature. The data from the study will be used to satisfy the regulatory requirement for marketing of a generic drug in Pakistan. Further studies on large segments in thalasse mia patients of the local population for kinetic analysis are recommended.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O11
23rd-25th June 2010
MINERAL COMPOSITION OF STRAWBERRY, MULBERRY AND CHERRY FRUITS AT DIFFERENT RIPENING STAGES Tahir Mahmood, Farooq Anwar and Tahira Iqbal Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] Mineral contents of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch), mulberry (Morus alba, M. nigra, M. macrus and M. leavigata) and cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits at different stages of maturity were analyzed using ICP-OES. The concentrations of macro -minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) for strawberry fruits (DW) at un ripened, semi-ripened and fully-ripened stages varied from 2300 to 3750, 2080 to 3405, 1600 to 3300 mg/kg, respectively. These macro-minerals in mulberry and cherry fruits (DW) at the analyzed stages ranged from 2349 to 5150, 1460 to 5100, 1265 to 4375 and 1457 to 3160, 1247 to 2950, 1025 to 2900 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, the concentrations of these minerals were found to be decreased as the fruit maturity progressed. However, K content in some cases increased as fruit ripened. The investigated fruits also contained considerable amounts of micro-minerals such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Al, and Cu. The distribution of micro-minerals also virtually followed the similar trends as exhibited by the macro minerals.
ANA-O12 CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF THREE OCIMUM SPECIES COLLECTED FROM DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS OF PAKISTAN
1,2
AI Hussain, SAS Chatha, J Worthington and A Jabbar
1
2
1
2
Department of Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Colerain, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Different species of Ocimum are frequently used as a food in different Asian dishes. The aim of the present study was to examine the variation in the yield, chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of three Ocimum species, grown at hilly and plane regions of Pakistan. The essential oils contents of Ocimum sanctum, O. gratissimum and O. basilicum, collected from hilly regions were 0.90, 1.32 and 1.00 % were slightly higher than from plane regions 0.52, 0.90 and 0.70 %, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed fluctuation in the contents of most of the chemical components of the essential oils investigated, with respect to species and regions. The major chemical constituent of O. sanctum, O. gratissimum and O. basilicum essential oil from hilly and plane regions were eugenol (18.9 and 27.3 g/100 g), -caryophyllene (18.7 and 20.5 g/100 g), -elemene (15.6 and 12.0 g/100 g); eugenol (46.1 and 55.1 g/100 g), germacrene D (9.70 and 5.61 g/100 g); linalool (47.8 and 29.4 g/100 g), eugenol (8.33 and 15.5 g/100 g), 1,8-cineol (6.00 and 10.1 g/100 g), respectively. The tested Ocimum essential oils and main components exhibited excellent antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH free radical -scavenging ability, bleaching of -carotene in linoleic acid system and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. The antiproliferative activity has been tested on breast cancer MCF-7 and prostate cancer LNCaP cell lines by the MTT assay. Essential oils of O. basilicum showed best antioxidant while O. sanctum exhibited best anti-proliferative activities. A significant variation in the biological activities was observed with respect to regions and species.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O13
OPTIMIZATION OF DIFFERENT CONDITIONS FOR THE EXTRACTION OF PHENOLICS FROM THE LEAVES OF FICUS RETUSA Aftab Ashraf, Farooq Anwar and Muhammad Zubair Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad E-mail: [e-mail] Different techniques and parameters were optimized for the extraction of phenolics from t he leaves of Ficus retusa. Techniques used were orbital shaker, magnetic stirrer and ultrasonic bath. Different 0 solvent systems used were 50 - 100 % methanol with water. Temperature range was from 30 to 50 C 0 with difference of 5 C. The extracts obtained by using above mentioned techniques and parameters were investigated for there antioxidant activity by using different in -vitro antioxidant tests. On the basis 0 of this investigation, it is found that orbital shaker at 50 C by using 80 % methanol showed the best results.
ANA-O14 BIOEQUIVALENCE OF TWO ORAL MONTELUKAST FORMULATIONS IN HEALTHY PAKISTANI SUBJECTS: A SINGLE DOSE, OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, TWO-PERIOD CROSSOVER STUDY
1
Mateen Abbas, Muhammad Nawaz, Awais Shaukat, Rakhshanda Nawaz and Sualeha Riffat
1
2
2
1
1
Quality Operation Laboratory (QOL), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail]
Montelukast (MKST) is a potent, selective and orally active antagonist of the cysteinyl, CysTL1, leukotriene receptor used for the treatment of asthma in children and adults. The relative bioavailability of montelukast sodium as compared with an established branded formulation has not b een reported in Pakistani population. However, before generic formulation is placed on the market, pharmacokinetic studies investigating the bioequivalence of generic and branded formulations are needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the pharmacokinetic properties, bioavailability, and bioequivalence of a 10 mg formulation of montelukast sodium with those of an established branded formulation in healthy Pakistani adult male volunteers. Twenty healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 10 mg montelukast either as test or as reference tablet in a randomized, open labeled, two -way cross over study. Montelukast in human plasma was determined by HPLC method. The plasma concentrationtime curves were used to obtain pharmacokinetic pa rameters. The criteria for bioequivalence were 90 % CIs of 80 to 125 % for AUC and Cmax, according to the International guidelines. -1 Mean maximum concentration (Cmax) of montelukast was 89 g L at 3.17 hours for test tablets and 104 -1 g L at 3.33 hours for reference tablets. Mean area under the plasma concentration -time curve from -1 -1 zero to last measured point (AUC0-t) was 753 g h L for test compared with 865 g h L for reference. On analysis of variance, no period, formulation or sequence effects were observed for any pharmacokinetic property. All 90 % confidence intervals (CIs) of the test/reference geometric mean ratio were within the bioequivalence limits. In the present bioequivalence study in healthy Pakistani adult male volunteers, a single 10 mg dose of the test formulation of montelukast sodium met the regulatory criteria for bioequivalence to the established reference formulation based on the rate and extent of absorption. Both formulations were well tolerated.
70
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O15
23rd-25th June 2010
PROXIMATE COMPOSITION AND MINERAL CONTENTS OF TEN SELECTED RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) VARIETIES OF PAKISTAN Muhammad Zubair and Farooq Anwar Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple food cereal that encounters half of the world food requirements. Pakistani Rice varieties: Super Basmati, Basmati 515, Basmati 198, Basmati 385, Basmati 2000, Basmati 370, Basmati Pak, KSK 133, KS 282 and Irri 6 are popular due to their unique ta ste and aroma. The present work was conducted with the prime objective to evaluate selected Pakistani rice varieties for their proximate composition and minerals content. Samples of selected varieties were collected from Rice Research Center, Kalashahkaku. The tested rice showed minimum husk contents 17.02 % in Basmati 00515 and maximum 25.72 % in KSK-133. Moisture and ash content of different rices ranged from 6.84 to 9.08 % and 1.92 to 1.98 %, respectively. The contents of crude proteins, lipids and carb ohydrates ranged from 7.50 to 9.16 g/100g, 1.92 to 2.72 g/100 g and 1.70 to 1.86 g/kg, respectively. Rice polysaccharides (starch), a major compositional component was established 76.98 to 79.86 %. Minerals profile evaluated using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), showed Calcium (Ca) 825 to 1330 mg/kg, Magnesium (Mg) 960 to 1225 mg/kg and Zinc (Zn) 190 to 319 mg/kg Ferric (Fe) 186 to 317 mg/kg Copper (Cu) 13.24 to 16.65 mg/kg Aluminum (Al) 59 to 105, mg/kg Manganese (Mn) 19.25 to 26.10 mg/kg and Chromium (Cr) 10.90 to 22.80 mg/kg, respectively. The content of Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K) as determined using flame photometer ranged from 92 to 109 mg/kg and 2378 to 2794 mg/kg respectively. The results of the present analysi s depicted the tested varieties of Pakistani rice to be a potential source of valuable minerals and carbohydrates.
ANA-O16 FATTY ACID AND TOCOPHEROL COMPOSITION OF CHERRY AND LYCHEE SEED LIPIDS
1
Tahir Mahmood, *Farooq Anwar Tufial Hussain Sherazi and Mateen Abbas
1
2
3
1 Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture , Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 2 National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh 3 Quality control lab, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] The fruit seed oils of cherry (Prunus avium L.) and lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were analyzed for their fatty acid and tocopherol composition. The lipid content of the cherry and lychee se ed was found to be 10.4 and 3.9 %, respectively. Cherry fruit seed oil was characterized by the presence of high oleic acid (47.28 %), followed by linoleic acid (30.57 %) and - eleostearic acid (9.20 %).Lychee seed oil mainly contained dihydrosterculic acid (46.88 %) and oleic acid (29.32 %). A considerable am ount of linolenic acid (3.59 %) was also established in the oil. The ratio of fatty acids, polyunsaturates to monounsaturates to saturate varied depending on lipid fraction. The seed oil of cherry and lychee exhibited appreciable amounts (mg/100 g) of , and tocopherol 71, 272, 17.4, and 65, 57, 12.8, respectively.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O17
APPRAISAL OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM AERIAL PARTS OF SELECTED MENTHA SPECIES
1
Farooq Anwar and
1,2
Abdullah Ijaz Hussain
1
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan 2 Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakista n E-mail: [e-mail]
The present work was undertaken with the main objective to appraise the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils derived from aerial parts (collected at full flowering phase) of selected Mentha species: M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata in Pakistan. The contents of hydro-distilled essential oil from M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia and M. spicata were found to be 2.0, 1.4, 1.2 and 1.5 %, respectively. The GC and GC -MS analyses revealed the occurrence of menthol, menthone, piperitenone oxide and carvone as the principal chemical constituent in M. arvensis, M. piperita, M. longifolia, M. spicata essential oils with contribution 80.9, 30.1, 55.5 and 61.8 %, respectively. The tested essential oils and their major components exhibited considerable antioxidant activity as measurements of DPPH radical scaven ging capacity and percent inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. Nevertheless, the oils and their major components showed very good antimicrobial activity (disc diffusion -, micro-dilution broth susceptibility-assay and MIC calculation) against selected strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungi. Significant (p <0.05) differences in the contents of most of the chemical components and biological activities among Mentha essential oils were recorded. Within the species analyzed, the essential oil from M.arvensis exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity while the oil from M. longifolia offered the most effective antimicrobial attributes.
ANA-O18 EFFECT OF EXTRACTION REGIMES ON ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF RICE ( ORYZA SATIVA) BRAN EXTRACTS SAS Chatha, W Arshad and AI Hussain Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Govt. College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail] This work was carried out to assess the effect of different extraction methods on the antioxidant potential of rice (Oryza sativa) bran. The bran samples after stabilization were extracted using soaking, stirring and shaking methods with 80 % and pure methanol. The amounts of total phenolic (TP) and total flavonoid (TF) and reducing power, % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system and DPPH radical scavenging activity of different rice bran extracts varied significantly with respect to extraction methods and solvents. TP, TF, reducing power, % inhibition of peroxidation in linoleic acid system and DPPH radical scavenging activity of different rice bran extracts were found in range of 2.01 - 3.47 mg/g of GAE, 1.34 - 2.06 mg/g of CE, 1.19 - 1.73 mg/mL, 84.1 - 91.6 % and IC50 70.7 - 76.1 mg/mL, respectively. It was observed that 80 % methanol exhibited better extraction yield and antioxidant activity. Among the three extraction procedures, stirring showed the superior efficiency in terms of yield of extracts, antioxidant potential than shaking and soaking. On the basis of present investigation, rice bran ext racts were found to serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants due to their marked antioxidant activity.
72
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O19
23rd-25th June 2010
EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND LIPASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY FROM VARIOUS LOCATION OF SAPPAN WOOD ON JAVA ISLAND
1,2
Irmanida Batubara,
1,2
Mohamad Rafi, M. Agung Zaim, Siti Sadiah, Susi Indariani and Tohru Mitsunaga
2
2
2
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga, Bogor 16880, Indonesia 2 Biopharmaca Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Taman Kencana, Bogor 16144, Indonesia 3 Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1 -1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] The aim of this research is to measure the antioxidative and lipase inhibition effect s in the Caesalpinia sappan wood from various locations in Java Island, Indonesia. All samples were extracted with ethanol 50 % in aqueous. The results showed that most active sample as antioxid ant was Sappan wood from Karang Anyar (Central Java) with IC50 value around 6.60 g/mL. Moreover, sappan wood collected from Semarang (Central Java) was the most potent sample for Propionibacnerium acnes lipase inhibitor with IC50 value around 50.76 g/mL. The activities were compared with brazilin content of each extracts. Brazilin was determined with HPLC, and the results showed that brazilin content in ethanolic extracts of C. sappan wood was in the range of 5.81 to 24.85 mg/g on dry-weight basis.
1
ANA-O20 THE USE OF OXALIC ACID FROM SPINACH FOR IMPROVING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF Hg(II) PHOTOREDUCTION Suherman, L Kartika, NH Aprilita and ET Wahyuni Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara P.O. Box 21 Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] In this research, dissolution of oxalic acid from spinach and determination of the concentration of the dissolved oxalic acid, and its use for Hg(II) ions photoreduction have been carried out. In the dissolution by water as a solvent, the time and temperature were optimized. The concentration determination was performed by permanganometric method. The photoreduction of Hg(II) ions was done in a closed reactor by means batch system equipped with UV lamp. In this step, oxalic acid concentration and reaction time on the effectiveness of Hg(II) photoreduction were also evaluated. The concentration of unreduced Hg(II) was determined by using Cold Vapor -Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (CV-AAS). The results of the research show that the oxalic acid dissoluti on from spinach is influenced by time and temperature dissolution process. The highest dissolution is obtained at 60 C for 90 min. The content of oxalic acid in leaves (9.01 %) is found larger than that of in the stem (5.87 %). From the photoreduction study it is observed that the addition of oxalic acid with the increase of the concentration -both from spinach leaves and stem- can improve the Hg(II) photoreduction due to its ability in preventing electron and OH radicals recombination as well as in Hg(II) reduction. Furthermore, the highest photoreduction is reached in 300 min of the reaction time.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O21
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILICA MODIFIED WITH P -TERT-BUTYL-CALIX[4]ARENE, CALIX[4]ARENE AND CALIX[4]ARENE SULFONATE Alahmadi Sana Mohammad, Sharifah Mohamad and Mohd Jamil Maah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Three new silica gel modified with calix[4]arene derivatives have been prepared via modification of activated silica gel with toluene 2,4-di-iso-cyanate (TDI) as linker and p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene, calix[4]arene and calix[4]arene sulfonate. The modified silicas were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis. FTIR spectra showed the 1 presence of Tow band at 2941 and 2862 cm which assigned to stretching vibrations of the methyls and 1 methylenes. The bands at 1637, 1470 and 1418 cm refer to aromatic C-C stretch and C-CH bending. 1 The C-C stretching and C-CH bending vibrations observed at 1239 and 1207 cm . The bands at 752 and 1 730 cm are related to aromatic torsion vibrations. SEM and BET analysis have been done to get information about the sample's surface shape and area.
ANA-O22 DESIGN OF A BIOSENSOR BASED ON THE FUNGUS LENTINUS SAJOR-CAJU FOR INSECTICIDE PERMETHRIN DETECTION IN TREATED WOOD
1
Mohamad Nasir Mat Arip, Lee Yook Heng, Musa Ahmad and Salmiah Ujang
2
2
1
1
2
Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia 52110 Kepong, Selangor Malaysia School of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The present work describes the development of a biosensor based on the fungus Lentinus Sajor-Caju immobilised in a alginate matrix for the determination of permethrin in treated wood. Fungal cells provide advantages in terms of sensitivity to various toxicants especially on permethrin insecticides as it can degrade specifically permethrin to produce acidic products that can be detected by potentiometric devices. The potentiometric biosensor developed was able to detect permethrin over the range of 1 100 mg/L and the slope of the response was close to theoretical Nernstian value of 51.2 mV/decade. The fungal cells are relatively easy to cultivate, manipulate for sensor configurations and are amenable to other transducer methodologies apart from potentiometric detection.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-O23
23rd-25th June 2010
STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION BEHAVIOUR OF Cu(II), Pb(II) AND Co(II) ONTO ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE CLINOPTILOLITE NANOCOMPOSITES T.S. Mthombo, *B.B. Mamba, A.K. Mishra and S.B. Mishra Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa E-mail: [e-mail] Lead, Copper and Cobalt ions are amongst the most hazardous inorganic pollutants present in heavy metal laden water systems, and are often as a result of extensive and wild applications of mining, petroleum refining, electroplating, textile industry etc. The presence of these cationic species in aquatic ecosystems results in their accumulation in living organisms, thereby causing several adverse effects, hence the remediation, treatment and removal of heavy metal ions from water has become a major concern for many process industries. In this study, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate has been mixed with clinoptilolite (C) as the filler, to prepare EVA -C nanocomposites. Although it is non biodegradable EVA is an inert, hydrophilic polymer with excellent cohesive strength and adhesion to a wide range of substrates. Incorporation of the clinoptilolite, with its high mechanical and chemical resistance, into the binding polymer yields an effective adsorbent and ion exchange medium that has the potential to combine the advantages of both while eliminating their shortcomings, for application in wastewater treatment. EVA-C nanomposites were prepared by the melt mixing technique in a rheomixer (Haake Rheomex OS) and the strips were extruded through a single screw extruder at 120 C and a speed of 60 rpm for 30 minutes. The films were then characterised with SEMEDS, XRD and FTIR. Heavy metal removal capacity was investigated using the batch technique as a function of pH, contact time, filler dosage and initial concentration of solutions. To investigate the influence of pre-treatment, the composites were subjected to KCl, NaCl as well as HCl activation. Sorption mechanisms of the metal ions in single and mixed solutions were also evaluated. Res ults show that equilibrium was reached after 24 hours, and that sorption was maximum at between pH 5 and 7. The selectivity series was observed to be Pb >Cu >Co, and was consistent in both single and mixed solutions. Pretreatment was observe to significantly increase adsorption capacity, but was as a function of the conditioning reagent.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-024
FLUORESCENCE UREA BIOSENSOR BASED ON WATER SOLUBLE ZnS QUANTUM DOTS
1,2
Eka Safitri, Lee Yook Heng and Musa Ahmad
1
1
School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Selangor 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Basic Science, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] ZnS quantum dots (QDs) were prepared from zinc nitrate and sodium sulfide under optimized composition. The emission wavelength of the QDs was influenced by sodium sulfide addition rate. The highest QD fluorescence intensity was obtained when the ratio of Zn:S=1:2. T ransmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showed that the particle sizes of the QDs were around 5 - 7 nm. After functionalized the QDs using mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as a capping agent, the QDs became water soluble. Employing the free carboxyl groups of the MPA attached on the surface of ZnS QDs, bio conjugation of urease enzyme was carried out to construct a urea biosensor. The urease enzyme was successfully immobilized on the ZnS QDs surfaces. Upon reaction between urease and urea, a change of pH was observed and this affected the ZnS QDs fluorescence intensities. The urea biosensor response was optimum in 1 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7). The fluorescence intensity of the urease enzyme -1 -7 2 conjugated QDs changed linearly with urea concentrations between 10 M and 10 M (R = 0.9867). Thus, a biosensor based on ZnS QDs was successfully developed for direct detection of urea.
1
POSTER PRESENTATION (ANALYTICAL)
ANA-P1 DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SIMPLE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF KETOPROFEN IN HUMAN PLASMA Jiyauddin Khan, Kah Hay Yuen, Ng Bee Hong, Wong Jia Woei, Mallikarjun Chitneni, Gamal Osman Elhassan, Samer AL-Dhalli and Kaleemullah Mohammed School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The present study aimed to develop and validate a simple reversed -phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with UV detection at 260 nm for the determination of ketoprofen in human plasma. The sample preparation involved a simple protein precipitation method using perchloric acid along with acetonitrile as the deprotenizing agents. Chromatographic separation was achieved isocratically by using C-18 column (5 m, 250 x 4.6 mm ID). The mobile phase was comprised of 0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.5 with glacial acetic acid. Analysis was run at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with 50 L injection volume and the samples were quantified using peak height measurement. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 156.25 20000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999 (0.0001). The within-day accuracy ranged between 83.80 and 112.56 % with precision between 3.41 and 7.07 %. The between -day accuracy ranged between 91.57 and 99.84 % with precision between 1.62 and 16.06 %. The recovery ranged between 96.45 and 102.92 % with precision between 2.90 and 9.92 %, respectively. The values of accuracy, precision and recovery obtained were within the acceptable limits as proposed by USFDA Bioanalytical Guidelines. In conclusion, the developed and validated method can be used to estimate plasma ketoprofen concentration after oral administration of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
76
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P2
23rd-25th June 2010
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ARTEMISININ IN RAT PLASMA Gamal Osmam Elhassan, Yuen Kah Hay, Wong Jia Woei, Samer AL-dahli and Jiayuddin Khan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Artemisinin (ART) or qinghaosu is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene lactone endoperoxide isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Artemisia annua L., it is an effective antimalarial drug. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a sensitive and specific LC -MS/MS method for the determination of artemisinin concentration in rat plasma using amolodipine as Internal Standard. The method consist a simple liquid-liquid extraction with methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) with subsequent evaporation of the supernatant to dryness followed by the analysis of the reconstituted sample by LC-MS/MS with a Z-spray atmospheric pressure ionization (API) interface in the positive ion multiple reaction monitoring mode was used to monitor precursor product ions of m/z 282.70 m/z 209.0 for artemisinin and m/z 408.9 m/z 237.0 for amolodipine respectively. The method was linear (0.999) over the artemisinin concentration range of 7.8 2000 ng/mL in plasma. The method has a lower limit quantification of 3.9 ng/mL for artemisinin in the plasma. The intra - and inter-day accuracy were measured to be within 94 - 104.2 % and precision (CV) were all less than 5 %. The extraction recovery means for internal standard and all artemisinin concentration used were 82 -85 %. The present method was successfully applied to the characterization of the pharmacokinetic profile of artemisinin in rats after an oral administration.
ANA-P3 UREA FRACTIONATION OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID FROM JATROPHA CURCAS SEED OIL Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah and Jumat Salimon School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Sci ence and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The selectivity and efficiency of urea complex (UC) formation -based fractionation of free fatty acids (FFA) were examined. A rapid, simple, and inexpensive procedure recently developed for urea fractionation was applied to lipid containing polyunsaturated. Urea treatment proved useful for isolating polyunsaturated FFA (PUFA) from FFA derived from Jatropha curcas seed oil by removal of saturated and monounsaturated FFA. In situations where FFA within the crystalline or UC phase was ric h in PUFA, the urea/FFA mole ratio of the UC was relatively high. The distribution of urea between the crystalli ne phase and the solvent was neither significantly affected by the FFA composition of feed , nor the overall ratio of FFA to urea. It was strongly dependent on the overall mass fraction of solvent.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P4
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLY-HYPHENATED ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR PROTEOMIC AND EPIGENETIC RESEARCH Tomonari Umemura and Shin Shu Division of Nano-materials Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] More accurate and more informative analysis is really required in the current competitive life sciences and industries, and so far substantial efforts ha ve been dedicated to the development of multidimensional HPLC system and MS-based hyphenated system. We are now developing a variety of user friendly microbore monolithic columns using a monolithic column technology, and applying them to achieve high-throughput bioanalysis. In the first part of this paper, we present the current state of our research on the development of organic polymer monoliths with different chemical functions and their applications to the analysis of proteins, peptides, or oligonucleo tides. In the second part, we will present the challenges to the development of a) two- or more-dimensional HPLC system and b) multiplyhyphenated analysis system with ICP-MS and ESI-MS.
ANA-P5 ELECTROGENERATIVE PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF LEAD USING A BATCH CELL Nurul Hanis Mohd Ramalah, Nur Fatin Zakaria, Fatemeh Salehi Karoonian, Mohammad Etesami and Norita Mohamed School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A batch electrochemical reactor operating in an electrogenerative mode was used in the recovery of lead. This operation is attractive in reducing operating costs due to the spontaneous chemical reaction that take place in the reactor. A batch cell using three-dimensional cathodes namely porous graphite or reticulated vitreous carbon were coupled with a zinc anode. The performance of the electrogenerative system was evaluated based on various parameters: initial lead(II) nitrate concentration, choice of cathode material used, supporting electrolyte concentration and acidity of anolyte and catholyte solutions. More than 90 % lead was recovered within 3 h of operation by using porous graphite. The recovery of lead was 100 % after 1 h of operation using a reticulated vitreous carbon a s a cathode. X-Ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the lead deposits.
78
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P6
23rd-25th June 2010
ADSORPTION OF HUMIC ACID FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS ONTO CHITOSAN COMPOSITE Norhashida Tajudin and Wan Saime Wan Ngah School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Cross-linked chitosan coated bentonite (CCB) beads were synthesized, characterized and were used for adsorption of humic acid from aqueous solutions. The CCB beads were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer -EmmettTeller (BET) surface area. The effects of pH, dosage, stirring rate, initial concentrations, contact time and temperature were studied in a batch adsorption system. The kinetic, thermodynamic and adsorption isotherms of humic acid onto CCB beads were studied in order to understand the behaviour and mechanism of adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data were described by t he Langmuir, Freundlich, BET, Sips, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. CCB beads agreed well with the Langmuir -1 isotherm, which gave maximum adsorption capacity of 62.9 mg g at 320 K. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were employed to analyze the kinetic data. The adsorption behaviour of humic acid was best de scribed by the pseudo-second order model. o o The thermodynamic parameters such as free energy change (G ), enthalpy change (H ) and entropy o change (S ) were computed. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous and endothermic in nature. Desorption study was carried out at different concentrations of HCl and NaOH, more than 75 % of humic acid could be desorbed from the CCB beads using 1.0 M NaOH. Infrared spectra were used to elucidate the mechanism of humic acid adsorption onto CCB beads. The equili brium parameter (RL) indicated that the adsorption of humic acid onto CCB beads was favourable.
ANA-P7 FIRST ORDER ULTRAVIOLET DERIVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY FOR DETERMINATION OF RESERPINE IN ANTIHYPERTENSION TABLET Wulan Tri Wahyuni, M. Rafi, Latifah K. Darusman, Elly Suradikusumah and Rizna Azrianiningsari Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Agatis Road IPB Darmaga, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] Reserpine is an alkaloid derived from the roots of serpentwoods (Rauwolfia serpentina), which has been used for antihypertention and tranquilizer drugs. A new ultraviolet derivative spectrophotometry (UVDS) method has been developed for determination of reserpine in antihypertension tablet. Thi s method has been proven to be faster, easier, low cost, and gave result as well as the reference method published by the United States Pharmacopoiea (USP). A first-derivative UVDS and peak to baseline technique at wavelength of 312 nm was used. The content of reserpine in tablets was found to be 0.2260 0.0033 mg by UVDS and 0.2301 0.0051 mg by the USP methods. Statistical test between UVDS and USP methods showed no significant difference, both for F-test and t-test at 95 % confidence level. Evaluation of analytical performance included some parameters, such as accuracy based on recovery that was 99.18 - 101.13 %. Precision showed as relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.91 %, linear correlation was 0.9998 in the range of 10 - 50 g/mL. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation was 0.8868 g/mL and 2.6874 g/mL, respectively.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P8
PREPARATION OF METHACRYLATE-ESTER-BASED ULTRA LOW FLOW RESISTANCE MONOLITHIC COLUMN T. Hirano, S. Kitagawa and H. Ohtani Department of Materials Science and Engineerin g, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso, Showa, Nagoya, Japan E-mail: [e-mail] In order to accomplish high throughput separation on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), monolithic columns attract much attention and are intensively studied because of their relatively low back pressure. The monolithic columns can be divided to silica- or polymer-based ones. The latter, polymer-based monolithic column is generally prepared by in situ thermal- or photo-polymerization of a reaction solution containing monomers and the characteristics of the column can be controlled by the polymerization conditions. In this study, an ultra low flow resistance butyl methacrylate -co-ethylene dimethacrylate based monolithic column was prepared with the low temperature ultraviolet photo polymerization. Both decrease in the flow resistance and enhancement in separation efficiency was achieved by the optimization of UV intensity and polymerization period. The flow resistanc e of the optimized column was reduced to 0.14 MPa/(mm/s), which correspond to 1/5 - 1/10 of that of conventional monolithic column. The minimum theoretical plate height for uracil was 6.7 m at a linear flow rate of 0.5 mm/s. As the application of this ult ra low flow resistance column, the liquid chromatograph utilizing the vacuum system (without the conventional LC pump) was constructed and a separation of alkylbenzenes was successfully demonstrated.
ANA-P9 SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES WITH ENRICHED (200) FACET BY CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY Mohammad Etesami and Norita Mohamed School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Gold nanoparticles can be prepared by chemical methods such as de positionprecipitation, solgel technique, impregnation, co-precipitation, metal organic-chemical vapor deposition, incipient wetness and dip-coating. Electrochemical deposition is a simple and fast method for preparation of gold nanoparticles. In this work, the cyclic voltammetric technique was used to synthesize gold nanoparticles using pencil graphite as a substrate. Pencil graphite was used as a working electrode after pretreatment. Electrochemical reduction of gold was carried out in acidic medium at r oom temperature without the use of any stabilizer or reducing agent. Parameters such as scan rate, potential range and number of cycles were varied to obtain the smallest size of particles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were used to determine size of the electrodeposited gold nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data was used to characterize the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The XRD data showed that the ratios of crystallographic orientations vary by changing the applied conditions. The Harris texture coefficient was calculated from the ratio of diffraction intensities obtained from XRD data for each facet of the electrodeposited gold nanoparticles. Au(200) facet was enriched as the preferred orientation based on the calculated Harris texture coefficients.
80
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P10
23rd-25th June 2010
ELECTROCHEMICAL STUDY OF 3,4 DIHYDROXYBENZOIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF SODIUM DIETHYL DITHIOCARBAMATE Hanieh Ghadimi Islamic Azad University of Saveh, Branch Saveh, Iran E-mail: [e-mail] Electrochemical treatment processes can significantly contribute to the protection of the environment through the minimization of waste and toxic materials in effluents. The organic electrochemical synthesis is another approach to green chemistry since many redox reagents were produced by electrochemical pathways. 3,4 dihydroxy benzoic acid (1) are widespread in the environment, 3,4 dihydroxi benzoic acid were used in pharmaceutical industry. Dihydroxybenzoic acid can be oxidized electrochemically to o- benzoquinones. The quinones can be attacked by a variety of nucleophiles. Dithiocarbamate (3) was used in cancer and as an antioxidant. No report has been published until now about the electrochemical synthesis of dithiocarbamate. Therefore, we have investigated the electrooxidation of 3,4-dyhydroxybenzoic acid in the presence of dithiocarbamate as the nucleophile in aqueous solution, using cyclic voltammetry and controlled -potential coulometry, and describe a facile electrochemical method for the synthesis of some dithiocarbamate in good yield and purity. The oxidation mechanism was deduced from voltammetric data and by coulometry at controlled -potential. The results of this work show that benzoic acid (1) are oxidized to their respective o-benzoquinones (2).The quinones are then attacked by (3), final products are obtained via an EC mechanism, after consumption of only 2e per molecule of (1). According to our results, it seems that the 1,4 - Michael addition of this nucleophile to the o-quinones formed leads to the formation of new dihydroxybenzoic acid derivatives as final products, in good yield and purity.
ANA-P11 HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SPHINGOSINE AND SPHINGANINE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS USING MONOLITHIC COLUMN
1
Lee Tien Ping, Bahruddin Saad and Baharuddin Salleh
1
2
1 2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Mycotoxins are produced as secondary metabolites of certain species of fungi. Due to their toxicity, their presence in foodstuff and animal feeds has been of major concern. Some form of early warning system to assess the exposure to mycotoxin is needed. Sphingosine (So) and sphinganine (Sa), chemical marker for fumonisin exposure is developed by using HPLC - fluorescence method with silica based monolithic column. The samples were first extracted using ethyl acetate, and were pre -column derivatized using ortho-phthaldialdehyde in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The liquid chromatographic separation was achieved using a mixture of methanol and water (93:7, v/v) at a flow -1 rate of 1 mL min . The fluorescence excitation and emission were at 335 nm and 440 nm, respectively. The separation time was less than 4 min, compared to approximately 20 min by using a C 18 particlepacked column. Good linearity of the analytes were obtained over a concentration range of 0.02 0.50 -1 g mL (with correlation coefficient of 0.9934 0.9990). The limits of detection and were 0.001 and -1 0.005 g mL for So and Sa, respectively. This rapid method should be valuable for the assessment of the levels of So and Sa in biological fluids.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P12
EVALUATION OF METALS CONCENTRATIONS IN RED TILAPIA USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS Kah Hin Low, Sharifuddin Md. Zain and Mhd. Radzi Abas Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Concentration of V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd and Pb were determined in muscle, liver and grill of red Tilapia (Oreochromis spp) samples collected from three different aquaculture system including earthen pond, ex-mining pool and concrete tank in Jelebu, Negeri Sembilan using microwave assisted digestion-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Accumulation patterns between organs and elements, as well as between origins and elements were further evaluated with multivar iate statistics. With the aid of principal component analysis, it is possible to visualize the distribution pattern of metals in different organs as well as clustering tendencies of tilapia samples from different origins. Levels of V, Co, Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, Cd and Pb in liver were higher than those in muscle and grill, whereas Mn and Pb were higher in grill and As in muscle. Results from principal component analysis suggested that Cu, As and Pb were the most discriminating elements that enable the characteriza tion of studied organs, while V, Co and Pb were the best describers for sample origins.
ANA-P13 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS(3-METHOXY PHENOL HYDRAZONE) AND ITS APPLICATION 2+ FOR THE DETERMINATION OF Cu ION Marwan Shalash and Abdussalam Salhin School of chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A C16H16N2O4 chromogenic Schiff base ligand has been synthesized. Th e ligand structure was 1 13 characterized by CHN elemental analysis, FT-IR, H NMR and C-NMR spectroscopy. The chromogenic complexation behavior of the ligand towards alkali, alkaline earths and transition metal ions has been 2+ investigated. Preliminary finding shows that the ligand is preferentially bind with Cu in a solvent 2+ mixture (water/acetonitrile, v/v). Upon the addition of Cu to an equivalent amount of the ligand in a solvent mixture (water/acetonitrile), a large bathochromic shift with clear change of colour (from colourless to pink) was observed. The experimental parameters that affect the complexation of the 2+ ligand with Cu , such as solvent type and composition, standing time, metal concentration, and ligand concentration are under investigation.
82
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P14
23rd-25th June 2010
SEPARATION OF PHENOLIC ACIDS IN HONEY BY CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS Nur Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Ahmad Makahleh and Bahruddin Saad School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Honey is rich in phenolic acids, this has attracted lots of attention due to their positive role in contributing to human health and act as natural antioxidants. The simultaneous determination of phenolic acids such as caffeic acid, gallic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, o-coumaric acid, mcoumaric acid, p-coumaric acid and vanillin as an internal standard was investi gated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The analytical procedure involves their extraction from the sample, followed by the analytical separation and quantification. Honey samples were separated by solid -phase extraction through C18 column for sugar removal. The effects of several factors such as pH, concentration of the running buffer, ratio of organic solvents, separation voltage, injection time and the wavelength of UV detector were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, phenolic acids were successfully separated in about 15 min. Separations were carried out on a bare fused -silica capillary (50 m i.d x 40 cm length) involving 25 mM sodium borate (pH 9.15) and 5 % methanol as a CZE background electrolyte in the normal polarity mode, the voltage of 30 kV, temperature of 25 C and electropherograms were recorded at 200 nm. The relationship between the CZE migration times and the molecular weight of the phenolic acids, and the amount of their hydroxyl groups and polarity were explored. Differe nt honey samples including the Tualang honey which had been noted for its unique properties was tested.
ANA-P15 SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF MERCURY ION AFTER LIQUID -LIQUID EXTRACTION WITH o-TOLUIDINE BLUE H. Parham, H.Noorizadeh and F. Nekouei Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Azad Islamic University of Gachsaran, Iran E-mail: [e-mail] A simple and highly sensitive extraction-spectrophotometric determination of mercury was described. -2 The ion-associate formed between the HgI4 and o-Toluidine Blue is extracted with dichloromethane at pH 6.The absorption maximum of the extracted species occurs at 593 nm, the molar absorptivity being -1 -1 -1 1.42E5 L mol cm . The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 0.1 - 2.5 g mL of 2+ -1 Hg with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.021 g mL . The relative -1 standard deviation (RSD) at 0.6 and 1.2 g mL of mercury were 2.12 and 3.08 % (n=8), respectively. The method was applied for measuring the amount of mercury in water samples.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P16
LIQUID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION (LPME) COUPLED WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN PALM OIL AND OTHER VEGETABLE OILS Gan Hui Siang, *Bahruddin Saad, Ahmad Makahleh and Boey Peng Lim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In the present work, hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) followed by gas-chromatographyflame ionization detector (GC-FID) determination of the fatty acids (FAs), namely methyl laurate, methyl tridecanoate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, methyl palmitolate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl linolenate and methyl arachidate in vegetable oils parameters such as type of extraction solvent, temperature, extraction time, stirring speed and salt addition were studied and optimized. For the best conditions (extraction solvent, n-tridecane; extraction time, 35 min; extraction temperature ambient; without addition of salt), enrichment factors varying from 37.0 to 115 were achieved. The method was successfully applied to mainly crude palm, palm olein, palm kernel and other vegetable oil (soybean, olive, coconut, rice bran and pumpkin ), offering an interesting alternative to liquidliquid extraction and solid phase extraction for the analysis of FAs in palm and other vegetable oils samples.
ANA-P17 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON SEPARATION OF MONILIFORMIN BY HPLC USING HILIC COLUMN
1
Gazala-Ben hander,
1 2
1,*
Muhammad Idiris Seeh, Baharuddin Salleh and Bahruddin Saad
2
1
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
In this project a detection method of Moniliformin (MON) by HPLC using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column was developed. The mobile phase composition, of (MeCN: water) was studied and the best composition was found at 85:15 v/v with HETP equal to 0.12. The retention time of about 3.9 min is the reasonable time for multisample analysis in the application in biological sample in future application. The sharp peak was obtained with UV detector at 5 ppm without having buffer in the mobile phase.
84
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P18
23rd-25th June 2010
POTENTIOMETRIC BIOSENSOR FOR UREA CONSTRUCTED FROM CARBON NANOTUBE AND FULLERENE NANOPARTICLES
1,2
Kasra Saeedfar and
1,*
Lee Yook Heng
1
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology Universit y Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, K. N. Toosi University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [e-mail]
One of the metabolic products of protein is urea. Amount of urea is important in glomerule filtration rate and renal function testing. Urea is widely used in fertilizer as a convenient source of nitrogen. Therefore determination of urea is essential in biomedical applications. The enzyme urease can be employed for the determination of urea, where urease cat alyzes the hydrolysis of urea to form alkaline reaction products. To construct a biosensor, urease that contains an amino group can be immobilized onto fullerenes or carbon nanotubes via modified COOH group, through the reaction of N,Ndicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Results of Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and protein assay showed that urease was chemically attached on the surface of these nanoparticles and there was no leaching of enzyme observed. Thes e enzyme bioconjugated nanoparticles were coated onto a screen printed electrode (SPE) deposited with a photocured n-butyl acrylate membrane containing pH sensitive hydrogen ionophore. Thus by using potentiometric method to determine the changes in pH caus ed by urease catalysis of urea reaction, the amount of urea present can be measured. The buffer capacity and pH conditions for the potentiometric -2 biosensor were optimized and the linear response range of the biosensor towards urea was from 10 to -5 10 M and the sensitivity slope (51 mV/decade) was close to Nernstian value. Therefore, carbon nanotube and fullerene nanoparticles have been successfully used for enzyme immobilization for the construction of a potentiometric urea biosensor.
ANA-P19 PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES ON THE BINARY AND TERNARY LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES AR Mazratul-Adzfifi, J NurAsmidar, B Saad and MI Saleh School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3) is the most used green-emitting material in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). For deeper understanding of its optical properties, the binary complexes of Al with 8-hydroxyquinoline were studied and extended to Eu(III) and also Eu(I II), Tb(III) and Dy(III) with dibenzoylmethane (DBM). By using 1,10- phenanthroline as the second ligand, the ternary complexes of Al, Eu(III), Tb(III) and Dy(III) were isolated. All lanthanide-quinoline complexes (binary and ternary) have shown a very sharp luminescence band almost as a line due to the width at the base of the pe ak of the spectrum () is less than 2 nm at 639.6 nm for Euq 3, 602.2 nm for Euq3(phen)3 and 531.7 nm for Tbq3(phen)3. For lanthanide-DBM complexes, the intensity in Eu(DBM) 3Phen is higher than Eu(DBM)3 at 612 nm and for the Dy(DBM)3 complex, the maximum emission peak observed at 508 nm, the intensity increase significantly for Dy(DBM)3Phen and similarly at 415 nm. In contrast, the intensity is tremendously reduced in the present of second ligand for Tb(III) complexes at 510 nm for Tb(DBM) 3 and 491 nm for Tb(DBM)3(phen). In general the presence of 1,10-phenanthroline in lanthanide complexes, the PL spectra have shown a shift to the lower wavelength. Nevertheless, no significant change in Alq 3 and Alq3(phen)3 was observed at 507.2 nm.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P20
NEW CLASS OF LIGAND BASED ON CROWN ETHER FLUORENE FOR PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES Mohamed Ahmed Moallim and Muhammad Idiris Saleh School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In the last decades, fluorene based materials become very promising field and have received strong interests due to the huge energy gap, in combination of crown ether for coordination with metal and flourene with is rich in delocalized electrons, and these compounds have shown great promise as potential candidate for photoluminescence materials. The existence of multiple donor sectors will create stability of new metal complexes. In this project, a novel fluorene -based ligand with dibenzo-18crown-6 was synthesized by means of substitution reaction to bind fluorene acetic acid and 4, 4 1 13 diamino-dibenzo-18-crown-6. The resulted compound was characterized using; H NMR, C NMR, FTIR, CHN and GPC. The potential exploitation of photoluminescence properties of this class of ligands w as evaluated for novel materials for optoelectronic devices.
ANA-P21 A SIMPLE ISOCRATIC HPLC ANALYSIS FOR DETERMINATION OF CATECHINS AND CAFFEINE IN GREEN TEA IN COMMERCIAL MARKETS IN MALAYSIA Nofrizal, *A. A. Rahim and B. Saad School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A simple and fast HPLC method using a monolithic column for determining 8 catechins and caffeine with water-acetonitrile-methanol mobile phase system was developed. The catechins (gallocatechin, catechin, epicatechin, catechin galleate, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate) and caffeine were separated by an isocratic flow in 6.8 min with flow rate of 1.3 -1 mL min . The microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique as used to extract the samples. The validity of this method was confirmed by the quantitative measurement of eight catechins and caffeine. The linearity of the calibration curves was investigated by injecting si x concentrations of standard 1 mixtures (0.1 - 100 mg L ). All the analytes showed good linearity with squared regression coefficient 2 (R ) ranging from 0.9991 to 1.0000. LOD and LOQ were in the range of 1.17 - 1.78 and 3.74 - 5.22, respectively. Good reproducibility of both peak areas (RSD 2.39 %) was found. Recovery studies were 1 carried out by spiking three concentrations (20, 40 and 100 mg L ) of a mixture of catechins and caffeine standards to green tea samples. Satisfactory recoveries for all green tea samples were obtained (94.7 - 106.3 %)
86
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ANA-P22
23rd-25th June 2010
DEVELOPMENT OF A MICELLAR ELECTROKINETIC CHROMATOGRAPHY (MEKC) METHOD FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FURFURALS Noorfatimah Yahaya, Khaldun M. Al Azzam, Ahmad Makahleh and *Bahruddin Saad School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A convenient and simple method for the analysis of six furfurals (5 -hydroxmethylfurfural, 2-furaldehyde, 3-furaldehyde, 5-methylfurfural, 2-furoic acid and 3-furoic acid) was developed using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method. The furfurals were separated by using 75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.1) containing 200 mM SDS as background electrolyte, at 22 kV and at 20 C. The furfurals were separated in less than 15 minutes. The wavelengths used were 200 nm (2-FA and 3-FA) and 280 nm (5-HMF, 2-F, 3-F, 5-MF). Correlation coefficients of the linear regression were above 0.99 for all the furfurals and the detection limits were in the range from 0.209 to 0.849 pp m. Intra-day precisions of peak area were calculated by means of percentage relative stand ard deviation ranged from 1.13 to 16.65 %. A sample of pineapple juice was analyzed and was found to contain 9.65 ppm of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural. The MEKC method can be used for the quantification of furfurals in juices as it is simple, fast and uses minimum amounts of solvents.
ANA-P23 DETERMINATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES IN FRUIT BEVERAGES USING SOLVENT BAR MICROEXTRACTION TECHNIQUE Ayman AL-Majid, *Chanbasha Basheer and Khalid AL-Hoosani Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1059, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of poro us membrane in the sample preparation methods. More commonly reported solvent based membrane extractions are liquid -phase microextraction (LPME) and solvent bar microextraction (SBME). These techniques are simple and inexpensive, provide high analyte enrichments and only few microliters of organic solvents are required. In particularly the SBME is a simple approach however, except 1 -octanol, other solvents are not retained after 30 min extraction time. To overcome this problem, for the first time a thicker hollow fiber membrane (Accurel polypropylene membrane V8/2) was used for SBME technique. Various organic extractant solvent (toluene, xylene, nonane, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform) were confined within a short length of a hollow fiber membrane (sealed at both ends) that was placed in a stirred aqueous sample solution. Tumbling of the extraction device within the sample solution facilitated extraction. Organophosphorus pesticides were used as model compounds and the extraction conditions were optimized. Finally, the method was applied to complex samples such as fruit beverages from the local market.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION (ENVIRONMENTAL)
ENV-O1 DETERMINATION OF HAZARDOUS TRACE METALS IN MIXED PLASTICS WASTE
1*
Mohammad N. Siddiqui, Mohammad A. Gondal and Mohammed M. Nasr
2
3
2
Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Pet roleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Laser Research Laboratory, Physics Department and Center of Nanotechnology (CENT), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 3 Department of Natural Sciences, College of Dentistry and Pharmacy, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
The plastic production has increased almost 10 % every year on global basis thus generating huge plastics wastes. The total global production of plastics has grown from around 1.3 million tones (MT) in 1950 to 245 MT in 2006. The highest consumption of plastics around 30 MT was found in USA against worldwide consumption of 170 MT in 2003 and is expected to rea ch to 39 MT by 2010. Western Europe estimated the annual total consumption of plastic products at 48.8 million tons for 2003 and generating approximately 15 million tons of waste plastics throughout the Europe. The highest potential for growth can be found in the rapidly developing parts of Asia (excluding Japan), where currently the per capita consumption is only around 20 kg/year. Saudi Arabia is one of the major producers of plastic in the world with total production capacity of around six million tons p er year. The amount of plastic wastes in Saudi Arabia is about 15 % (wt) in the composition of domestic municipality waste [Ali et al. 2004]. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma spectrometry were applied for the detection of hazardous trace elements present in non -degradable part of plastics known as insoluble organic material. LIBS signal intensity for each metal measured in the test sample was unique and different. The capability of this technique is demonstrated by analyzing various trace metals present in the plastics and also compared with ICP results. This work demonstrates that LIBS technique could be applied for rapid on line analysis of plastics waste samples.
ENV-O2 REMOVAL OF TOXIC METALS USING SEMI-REFINE CARRAGEENAN AND MODIFIED SEMI-REFINE CARRAGEENAN Wong Hai Fatt and Suhaimi Md. Yasir School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Growing industrial let to increase concern about the discharge of wastewater especially from metal plating. This study aim to establish the potential raw and formaldehyde modified semi refined carrageenan (SRC) are used for toxic metals removal. The dried seaweed was treated with 0.2 % KOH and ground in 200-300 m. The modified SRC (MSRC) was prepared as SRC was treated in 0.20 % of formaldehyde for overnight. The characteristic of SRC and MSRC were studied by carried out swelling properties analysis, FT-IR analysis, TGA analysis and SEM analysis. The performance of SRC and MSRC was determined using batch equilibrium method and column were carried out to determine binding capacity vary pH value (pH 2 - 6). The adsorption characteristics of metals ions with varying pH using SRC and MSRC were examined, the uptake of various metal ions increases from low pH and reach equilibrium on pH 4 before decreases. The exchange rate of the metal ions for SRC and MSRC is t1/2 <12 min. Liquors from electroplating plants, which containing various metal ions was loaded to the packed prepared resin in column and it shown metals recovery was highly efficient up to 99 %. Therefore the proposed MSRC could be used to removal of toxic metals for environmental protection.
88
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O3
23rd-25th June 2010
BASIC AND REACTIVE DYES SORPTION ENHANCEMENT OF RICE HULL THROUGH CHEMICAL MODIFICATION
1,*
Siew-Teng Ong, Weng-Nam Lee, Eng-Cheong Khoo and Seok-Theng Ooi
2
2
1
1
Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia 2 Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The sorption characteristics ethylenediaamine tetraacetic acid mo dified rice husk (ERH) to remove Methylene Blue (MB) and Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) under batch and continuous flow conditions have been investigated. Three isotherm models were used to fit with equilibrium data, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models. It was found that the equilibrium fitted well in Freundlich isotherm with 2 higher regression coefficient value, R . The maximum adsorption capacities of MB and RO16 in binary system were 49.51 mg/g and 17.24 mg/g, respectively. Sorption kinetic was studied and results showed that pseudo-second-order provides the best description of MB and RO16 adsorption in both single and binary dye solutions. Thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption of MB and RO16 are exothermic and endothermic reactions, respectively. Column studies revealed that the breakthrough was dependent on influent concentration, bed depth and flow rate. RO16 showed an unusual breakthrough curve which has a rapid breakthrough initially followed by retention at different influent concentration, bed depth and flow rate.
ENV-O4 ENVIROMENTALLY BENIGN SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF Fe3O4 NANOPARTICLES
1
M. A. Shah and Ahmad Umar
2
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Advanced Materials and Nano -Engineering (CAMNE), Najran University, P. O. Box 1988, Najran 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail]
Iron oxide (Fe3O4), as one of the most attractive magnetic materials, has been extensively studied in recent years. This exhibited unique electrical and magnetic properties based on the transfer of electrons 2+ 3+ between Fe and Fe . For their low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and tunable magnetic prop erties, it has received considerable attention in various areas. In addition, the magnetite crystals with diameters of about several hundreds of nanometers which are similar to the size of protein molecules have many important applications in biomedical areas. Due to their good hydrophilic and biocompatible properties, Fe3O4 nanostructures have been considered as an ideal candidate for biological applications such as a tag for sensing and imaging, a drug-delivery carrier for antitumor therapy, and an activi ty agent for medical diagnostics, etc. In this paper, a very new and convenient method has been demonstrated for large-scale synthesis of iron oxide nanorods at 220 C. The method is based on a very simple reaction of iron and water without using any capping agent or additives. The synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized in detail in terms of their structural and magnetic properties. By detailed structural properties, it was found that the diameters of the nanoparticles are in the range of 70 10 nm. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited good structural and magnetic properties. Compared with other synthetic methods, the present method is economical, low temperature and free of pollution which will make it suitable for large scale production.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O5
COMPARISON OF THE PERFORMANCE OF BAFFLED AND UNBAFFLED CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS IN NITROGEN REMOVAL H.C. Tee, C.E. Seng, M.A.Mohd Nawi and P. E. Lim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study aims to compare the performance of baffled and unbaffled horizontal subsurface -flow constructed wetlands in nitrogen removal and to evaluate the potential of unmodified waste material raw rice hulls as wetland media for the treatment of wastewater. Four units of experimental-scale horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands were built and set up outdoors. Two of the units were baffled to allow horizontal and vertical flows sequentially and the other two were unbaffled horizontal flow units. Each of the baffled and unbaffled wetland units was planted with cattails ( Typha latifolia). The units were operated and fed with domestic wastewater at a nominal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5, 3 and 2 days for 360, 90 days and 64 days, respectively. The planted baffled wetland unit achieved 99, 83, and 74 % in ammonia nitrogen (AN) removal, whereas the planted unbaffled wetland unit only achieved 96, 70, and 55 % for HRTs 5, 3 and 2 days, respectively. Correspondingly, the unplanted baffled and unbaffled of wetland units achieved 49, 43, and 35 %, and 41, 35, and 26 %, respectively. The results show that planted wetland units performed better than the unplanted ones in AN removal. The results also demonstrate that the removal of AN was more efficient in the baffled wetland units compared to the unbaffled wetland units (planted or unplanted). This could be explained by the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) detected in the wetland units.
ENV-O6 ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL AND 2,4 DICHLOROPHENOL ONTO CHEMICALLY- AND THERMALLY-MODIFIED RICE HUSKS: EQUILIBRIUM, THERMODYNAMIC AND KINETIC STUDIES Siok-Moi Khor, Chye-Eng Seng, Poh-Eng Lim and Amat-Ngilmi Ahmad Sujari School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The objectives of this research are (i) to study the sorption of 4 -chlorophenol (4CP) and 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) onto powdered activated carbon (PAC) and chemically - and thermallymodified rice husk (ARH), (ii) to determine the thermodynamic parameters and to ascertain appropriate adsorption equilibrium models for both of these non -volatile xenobiotic organic compounds at different temperatures and (iii) to develop or modify a kinetic model based on the kinetic studies. The ARH was prepared by reacting the sieved raw rice husk (<250 m) with 0.1 M HNO 3 for 1 h. followed by soaking in methanol for 4 h and then carbonizing for 1 h at 300 C. Equilibrium adsorption studies were conducted by varying the operational parameters such as initial pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial concentrations of 4CP and 2,4-DCP. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich-Peterson models to describe mathematically the sorption equilibrium and to obtain the isotherm constants. The linearized Langmuir and non -linearized Redlich-Peterson models were found best fitted to the experimental data for 4CP and 2,4 -DCP. From the Langmuir model, the adsorption capacities of PAC and ARH were found to be 285.17 and 56 .50 mg/g for 4CP, respectively, and 384.62 and 94.33 mg/g for 2,4-DCP, respectively. Kinetic models were used to fit the experimental data obtained in the sorption kinetic studies involving different initial adsorbate concentrations and at selected temperatures. The thermodynamic quantities of the adsorption process, G, H, and S, were determined at selected temperatures.
90
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O7
23rd-25th June 2010
OPTIMIZATION OF AQUEOUS ENZYME-ASSISTED HEMPSEED OIL EXTRACTION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
1,3
Sajid Latif, Farooq Anwar and Muhammad Arif
1
2
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan 2 Department of Statistics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad -38040, Pakistan 3 Institute for Animal Production in the Tropics and Subtropics (480), Department of Aquaculture Systems and Animal Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany E-mail: [e-mail] Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize enzyme -assisted aqueous extraction (EAAE) of hempseed oil (HSO) using Viscozyme L enzyme. The effects of process parameters: enzyme concentration (0.5 - 2.0 %), time of hydrolysis (1.5 - 2.5 h), water to seed (w/s) ratio (5 - 9) and pH (3 - 7) were appraised. A central composite experimental design (CCRD) was used to ascertain optimised EAAE 2 conditions. The fitted model provided good approximation to the experimental condition (r = 0.99, CV = 0.29 %). The maximum oil yield of 28.9 % (ca. three times higher than the control) was obtained at enzyme concentration=1.75 (seed weight basis), pH = 5, w/s ratio = 7 and hydrolysis time = 2 h. The quality attributes such as iodine value, density, refractive index, unsaponifiable matter, and fatty acid composition of HSO, produced by enzyme adjuvant, were comparable with the control and cold pressed oils revealing no considerable variations (p >0.05). While, lower color values were observed for the enzyme-extracted and control HSO than that of cold pressed oil. The total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging capacity, inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation and tocophero ls concentration of the enzyme-extracted oil were found to be higher than those of the control and cold pressed HSO thus indicating superior antioxidant attributes. It was concluded that EAAE can be a good alternative to conventional cold pressing for the simultaneous recovery of better quality oil and protein from hempseeds.
1
ENV-O8 THE INHIBITORY EFFECT OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL ON NITROGEN REMOVAL IN SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM JW Lim, SL Ng and CE Seng School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The objective of this study is to examine the inhibitory effect of 2,4 -dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on nitrogen removal in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system. The reactor was operated with FI LL, REACT (nitrification: denitrification), SETTLE, DRAW and IDLE phases in the duration ratio of 2:12(9:3):1:1:8 for a 24 h cycle time and fed with synthetic wastewater. The mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations increased to 7700 and 9000 mg/L when the added 2,4-DCP concentrations were 5 and 15 mg/L, respectively, but decreased significantly to around 6800 mg/L when the concentration of 2,4-DCP was increased to 30 mg/L. The sludge volume index (SVI) value increased to 90 mL/g when the 2,4-DCP concentration added was 30 mg/L due to the increase of settled sludge volume (SV30). The results showed that increasing the 2,4-DCP concentration to 30 mg/L had resulted in the deterioration of nitrogen and 2,4-DCP removal efficiencies from 100 % to 25 an d 41 %, respectively, in the SBR system. This indicates that the unacclimated microorganisms might have already been inhibited when the 2,4-DCP concentration was above 30 mg/L. The kinetic study showed that the rate of ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) removal could be described by the first -order kinetics. The rate constant of -1 -1 AN removal (kAN) increased from 0.0008 min at 30 mg/L of 2,4-DCP concentration to 0.0277 min when no further addition of 2,4-DCP. This ascertain that, the inhibition effect of 2,4 -DCP was reversible for the nitrification process.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O9
ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF ELEMENTAL MERCURY ONTO PURE AND FUNCTIONALIZED -SILICA GELS
1
K Johari, N Saman and H Mat
1
2
1
Advanced Materials and Process Engineering (AMPEN) Researc h Group Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, 2 Institute Ibnu Sina for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, MALAYSIA E-mail: [e-mail]
Sulfur has high affinity towards mercury due to the fact that the su lfur can react with mercury based on acid-base theory. In this case, sulfur and mercury can act as an electron donor and acceptor respectively. Thus, it is expected that the presence of sulfur in silica matrices could improve mercury adsorption capacity. In this study sulfur-functionalized silica gel (SFSG) adsorbents for mercury removal in vapor phase were synthesized via co-condensation and impregnation processes. The functionalized using co-condensation was carried out using MPTMS as silica precursor whi le for impregnation process; synthesized silica gel was impregnated with elemental sulfur and carbon disulfide (CS 2). The adsorbents obtained were characterized by variety of techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption (NAD). The vapor phase mercury adsorption experiments of all adsorbents were performed using the laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The effects of functionalization, time and temperature were stud ied. The results o indicate that the Hg adsorption capacity of functionalized silica gel adsorbents performed better than pure silica gel.
ENV-O10 ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS OF MERCURY ADSORBENTS USING ORGANOSILANES AS PRECURSORS
1
N Saman, K Johari and
1
1,2
H Mat
1
Advanced Materials and Process Engineering (AMPEN) Research Group, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, 2 Novel Materials and Process Technology (NoMPTech) Research Group, Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
A classical procedure for preparing MCM materials was carried out in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as directing agent, aqueous ammonia and et hanol as catalyst and solvent, and TEOS as a precursor. However, these materials need to be modified by introducing an active group to enhance adsorption performance. In this paper, organosilanes (BTESPT and MPTMS) having an active group were used as precursors. The morphology and functional group present in the materials were analyzed using SEM and FTIR. The pore structure was investigated by a combination of X ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption measurement. The advantageous features of these materials were also discussed with respect to Hg(II) adsorption. Results reveal that these materials having sulphur atom (MCM-BTESPT and MCM-MPTMS) in their molecular structural framework contribute to higher Hg(II) adsorption capability.
92
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O11
23rd-25th June 2010
THE UBIQUITY OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION IN MARINE MAMMAL POPULATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW Jonah Bondoc Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman Campus, Quezon City, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] This paper provides a detailed review of the current scientific literature to provide information on the anthropogenic contaminants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are being detected in increasing quantities in various tissues (blubber, liver, kidney, muscles, brain) of marine mammals. Data correlating pollutant residues with altered reproductive and developmental states, nervous and digestive system problems, liver disease , contaminant induced immunosuppression, and endocrine system damage are reported for marine mammals. Worse yet is the alarming growth in cancer cases. Although not statistically significant, higher concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were found in males with a pattern of increasing with age. In females, they increased until sexual maturity, then decreased, and finally increased again in late life, thus suggesting the tendency of the mother to shift her contaminated burden to her calf during gestation and lactation. The data come from multiple sources. As continued research are being conducted on the toxicological effects of chemical pollutants on the health of marine mammals in other parts of the wo rld, it is equally important to conduct research work like this in the Philippines where stranding occur on an average of 14 events per year based on a 12-year data computation, and where marine mammals are regarded as human food sources. Via the process of biomagnification, public health is greatly at risk. In addition, it is also important to measure chronic versus acute exposures of marine mammals. Long -term exposure to relatively low levels of some pollutants may be more damaging to a populations continued success, than a single, high impact event.
ENV-O12 REMOVAL OF MERCURY(II) ION FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING RICE RESIDUES
1
S. T. Song, N. Saman, K. Johari and
1
1
1,2*
H. B. Mat
1
Advanced Material and Process Engineering (AMPEN) Research Group, Fa culty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Novel Materials and Process Technology (NoMPTech) Research Group, Institute Ibnu Sina for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Lignocellulosic wastes such as rice husk and rice straw can be found abundantly which are also inexpensive and having the potential to be low-cost sorbents for metal ion removal. In this study, pure and modified rice husk (RH) and rice straw (RS) were used as sorbents for mercury removal from aqueous solution. The pure RH and RS were chemically modified through alkali treatment. The sorbents were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). In this study, it was found that the rice husk showed a better adsorption capacity compared to rice straw and only alkali modified rice husk gi ves significant difference on Hg(II) adsorption capacity.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O13
PREPARATION OF POLY(HYDROXAMIC ACID)-POLY(AMIDOXIME) CHELATING RESIN FROM ACACIA CELLULOSE FOR HEAVY METALS REMOVAL Simon Siew Yong Wen, Md Lutfor Rahman, Sazmal Effendi Arshad and Noumie @ Loumie Surugau School of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A new stable chelating ligand containing the hydroxamic acid and amidoxime functional groups was synthesized from the poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylonitrile) grafted acacia cellulose by using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator through free radical initiating process. Conversion of ester and nitrile groups of the grafted copolymer into the hydroxamic acid and amidoxime was carried out with the reaction of grafted copolymer with hydroxylamine under alkaline condition. The optimum grafting yield was determined during the optimization of amount of added acacia cellulose, mineral acid, CAN, MA and AN at 0.062, 0.120, 0.016, 0.397 and 0.550 mol/L respectively. The poly(MA -co-AN) grafted cellulose was obtained at 55 C after 2 hours stirring. Then the purified grafted cellulose and chelating resin were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy and TG analysis. The chela ting behaviour of the prepared resin was carried out by the adsorption of metal ions on resin. The metal ions -sorption capacities of the resin were pH dependent and its selectivity towards metal ions was in the order of 2+ 3+ 3+ 2+ 2+ Zn >Fe >Cr >Ni >Cu . The rate of exchange of copper ion was very fast showing t 1/2 =5 min. The heavy metal recovery was found to be highly efficient, where up to 99 % of the metals could be removed from metal plating wastewater using column method.
ENV-O14 APPLICATION OF UF MEMBRANE FOR TREATMENT OF PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT: EFFECT OF TRANSMEMBRANE PRESSURE Munirat Idris Oseni, Mohammed Saedi Jami and Suleyman Aremu Muibi Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study is an effort to evaluate the performance of polyethersulphone UF membrane in the treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) waste by varying the transmembrane pressure. Flat sheet polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) 1 kDa was used in this study. Biologically treated POME was first subjected to physical pretreatment processes, consisting of coagulation and adsorption using activated carbon to remove the total suspended solids and enhance the performance of the membrane. In this study, transmembrane pressure was varied between 0.5 bar and 1.5 bar and the performance of the membrane was assessed in terms of reduction of chemical oxygen demand, color and turbidity of POME. The hi ghest reduction COD, color and turbidity occurred at the lowest pressure of 0.5 bar. In this study, it is revealed that polyethersulphone UF membrane material is a good environmental material for the treatment of palm oil mill effluent.
94
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O15
23rd-25th June 2010
CHARACTERIZATION OF UNCARIA GAMBIR EXTRACT AS AN ADSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE Azraa Achmad and Jain Kassim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Uncaria gambir is a plant with genus Uncaria and belongs to family of Rubiaceae. This plant mostly used for medicinal properties and contains many catechin. In this research, the Uncaria gambir was extracted with different type of solvents according to polarity index. The total ph enolic content, flavonoid content, and stiasny reaction of the extract were observed. The ethyl acetate extract contains the highest total phenolic content (95.95 % catechin equivalent) and flavonoid content (82.70 % catechin equivalent). This ethyl acetate extract was modified with formaldehyde and hydrochloric acid to be an adsorbent. The adsorption of modified ethyl acetate gambir extract shows high methylene blue removal capacity. -1 The highest of methylene blue removal was 99.31 % with pH 8, 50 mg of adsorbent, 50 mL of 50 mg L methylene blue solution and 2 hours agitation time at 100 rpm.
ENV-O16 PARA-CHLOROPHENOL REMOVAL IN SEQUENCING BATCH BIOFILM REACTOR Muna Mastura Mohamad, Amat Ngilmi Ahmad Sujari, Lim Poh Eng and Seng Chye Eng School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The objective of this study is to compare the performance of SBBR and SBR in treating p-chlorophenol (PCP). The sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) systems were operated in five sequential periods: FILL, REACT (aerobic & anoxic), SETTLE, DRAW and IDLE in the time ratio of 2:12:1:1:8 for a cycle time of 24 h. The SBR was used as the control reactor (RC) while the other two SBBRs, RB1 and RB2, were operated with 3 % (v/v) and 5 % (v/v) of polyurethane sponge cubes as the carrier materials, respectively. Sludge age was maintained at 40 days throughout the study. The performance of the reactors was evaluated before and after th e addition of PCP by monitoring the effluent quality and the settling characteristics of the sludge. Profile studies for PCP, COD, nitrogen species, chloride, DO concentrations and pH during the REACT period were also conducted. The results show that complete ammonia nitrogen (AN) removal was achieved in all the reactors before the addition of PCP. After the addition of 100 mg/L PCP, reactors RB1 and RB2 still managed to achieve an almost 100 % AN removal but the removal efficiency for reactor RC deteriorat ed to 81 %. When the PCP concentration was increased up to 300 mg/L, the average AN removal efficiency for reactors RC, RB1 and RB2 decreased to 37, 67 and 45 %, respectively. Complete PCP mineralization was attained in all the reactors with the rate of PCP removal in the SBBRs being faster than that in the SBR.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O17
CHARACTERIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF MARINE ALGAE Eucheuma cottonii AND ITS CARRAGEENAN AS CADMIUM METAL ION BIOSORPTION
1
Refilda Suhaili, Edison Munaf, Rahmiana Zein, Abdi Dharma, Lim Lee Wah, Toyohide Takeuchi 3 and Fusheng Li
1 2
1
1
1
2
2
,
Dept of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Andalas University, Indonesia Dept of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan 3 River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan E-mail: [e-mail]
E. cottonii was used as carrageenan resource. About 64.30 % carrageenan was successfully extracted from E. cottonii; (425 m particle size) by alkaline solution under optimum condition, solution (pH 8.5), heating temperature at 95 C for 18 h. FTIR was used to saw the functional group of extracted carrageenan and pure carrageenan. Inorganic cations and anions in E. cottonii and carrageenan were determined by ion chromatography using 1.0 mM trimellitic acid as mobile phase. It was successful to separate cations with flow rate 0.8 mL/min, at room temperature, injection volume 20 L by cationexchange-column TSKgel super-IC-Cation coulumn (150 x 4.6 mm id) from Tosoh (Tokyo, Japan) and + + + 2+ 2+ conductivity detection could separate Na , NH4 , K , Mg and Ca less than 30 minutes with RSD between 0.02 - 0.37 and anions with flow rate of eluent 1.4 mL/min, Columns TSK gel super IC-anion 2-2PWXL (50 x 4.6 mm id) could separate F , HPO4 , NO2 , Cl , Br , NO3 , I , SO4 less than 15 minutes with RSDs between 0.00 - 0.45. On the other hand by using two packed column suppressors system with sodium carbonate-bicarbonate 1.2:1.4 mM as a mobile phase with flow rate 0.7 mL/min was maintained at low detection limits. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the retention time, peak area and 22peak height of eight common inorganic anions (0.3 mM each of F , Cl , NO2 , Br , NO3 , HPO4 , SO4 and I ) were between 0.0 - 0.2, 0.1 - 0.4 and 0.1 - 0.3 %, respectively. While heavy metals such as B, Al, Na, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cd, Pb were determined by ICP-MS. Moreover batch experiment was conducted to determine the cadmium biosorption capacities of carrageenan and E. cottonii. Biosorption capacity of cadmium was 3.87, 3.84 and 0.95 mg/g for pure carrageenan, extracted carrageenan, and E. cottonii, respectively.
ENV-O18 IMMOBILIZED TiO2-CHITOSAN SYNERGISTIC PHOTOCATALYST-ADSORPTION BILAYER SYSTEM FOR THE REMOVAL OF REACTIVE RED 4 Sheilatina Ismail, *Mohd Asri Nawi and Sumiyyah Sabar School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A study of immobilized TiO2-Chitosan synergistic photocatalyst-adsorption bilayer system for the photodegradation of an anionic dye reactive red 4 (RR4) under low energy light source had been conducted. Photocatalysis was conducted by immobilizing a layer of TiO 2 on top of CS/glass to form a layer by layer TiO2/Cs/glass system. Control test of photolysis, adsorption and photocatalytic activities of TiO2/glass and TiO2/Cs/glass system was examined. Approximately 98.9 % RR4 was effectively removed by TiO2/Cs/glass compared to 33.4 % removed by TiO 2/glass, respectively. The high efficiencies of RR4 photodegradation by TiO2/Cs/glass revealed the importance of adsorption in photocatalysis. The kinetic constants obtained from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation at different catalyst loading also showed that thin layer of 0.01 g TiO2 on pH 4 of solution is more favorable. The adsorption of bilayer system was evaluated based on its kinetic (pseuso-first and pseudo-second order rate models) and isotherm (Langmuir and Freundlich models). Adsorption, photocatalysis and sensitization was found to be the mechanism involves in this system.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O19
23rd-25th June 2010
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE RED 4 DYE BY IMMOBILIZED PANI/TIO2 SYSTEM MFS Razak and MA Nawi School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A photocatalyst system involving immobilized TiO2 doped with polyaniline (PANI) on glass plate has been fabricated via a dip-coating method. The dip-coating formulation was prepared by mixing P-25 TiO2 powder with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) blend in toluene and doped by soluble PANI synthesized by emulsion polymerization technique using ammonium persulfate oxidant, sodium dodecylsulfate surfactant and maleic acid as dopant. This composite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), photoluminescence analysis and UV Vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of immobilized PANI/TIO2 was investigated by the degradation of reactive red 4 (RR4) under low energy fluorescent lamp light source. Factors influencing the activity of this composite such as amount of PANI doping, composite loading, pH, initial dye concentration and different light source have been studied. The results showed that photodegradation process fitted pseudo -first-order kinetics and the optimum loading of PANI was found to be at 0.25 mL. The doping of PANI in the dip -coating formulation was found to improve the rate of degradation of the RR4 dye b y at least 1.3 times under UV illumination. Drastic reduction of the rates constant (k) of RR4 dye degradation were observed when the -1 initial dye concentration exceeded more than 30 mg L while k values decreased linearly with increasing pH of the dye solution.
ENV-O20 REMOVAL OF 2-CHLOROPHENOL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY ADSORPTION USING OIL PALM SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON WITH KOH Bakhtiar K. Hamad, Ahmad Md. Noor and Afidah A. Rahim School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Activated carbon prepared from the oil palm shell (OPSAC) was investigated for removal of 2 chlorophenol (2CP) in aqueous solution through the adsorption process. The activated carbon was prepared from the oil palm shell raw material soaked in potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution at 1:2 weight ratio followed by the pyrolysis and activation process at 800 C in N2 and CO2 gas, separately. The effects of solution pH between 2 to 12, agitation time, and initial concentrations in the range of 30 - 225 mg/L of 2CP were evaluated at a temperature of 30 C. The results showed that the adsorption increased as the contact time increased and the initial concentration decreased, while the high adsorption was obtained in acidic media at pH=2. The high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, 2 3 the total volume of pore diameter and the average pore diameter were equal to 1614 m /g, 0.57 cm / g and 2.15 nm, respectively. The functional groups and surface morphology of the prepared activated carbon was determined by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used for analyzing the adsorption equilibrium data. Adsorption data of 2CP fr om the activated carbon were fitted better with Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (q max) of 346.02 mg/g. The applicability of two kinetic models, the pseudo -first-order and pseudo-second-order models, for describing the data was studied and the adsorption kinetics were found to follow the pseudo -second2 order model with correlation coefficients (R ) equal to 0.999 for all concentrations of 2CP. Oil palm shell activated carbon was shown to be a capable adsorbent for removing 92.2 7 % of 30 mg/L of 2CP from aqueous solutions at 30 C.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O21
STUDIES ON POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF MANGROVE BARKS FOR THE REMOVAL OF Cu(II) FROM ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER Rozaini Che Amat and *Jain Kassim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Rhizophora apiculata mangrove barks were used as an adsorbent to remove Cu(II) from synthetic water and electroplating wastewater. Effect of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were investigated. Adsorption isotherm showed that modified Rhizophora apiculata barks -1 -1 has monolayer adsorption capacity of 5.8 mg g and 3.19 mg g for base and acid modification, respectively. The binding of heavy metal ions was found to be pH dependent with the optimal sorption occurring at pH 5. Kinetics study revealed that the sorption was rapidly established in about 30 min and follows pseudo-second-order kinetic reaction. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were well fitted to equilibrium adsorption data. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Cu(II) onto Rhizophora apiculata barks were spontaneous and exothermic under studied conditions. Al l the results showed that Rhizophora apiculata barks has potential for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution.
ENV-O22 IMMOBILLIZED TIO2/AC HYBRID BILAYER SYSTEM FOR THE REMOVAL OF PHENOL VIA SYNERGISTIC PHOTOCATALYTIC-ADSORPTIVE PROCESSES Noor Nazihah Bahrudin and Mohd Asri Nawi School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Immobilized layer by layer TiO2/activated carbon has been successfully fabricated on glass substrates via dip-coating method. The purpose of the fabrication was to remove phenol from aqueous solution via the synergistic process of photocatalysis adsorption as opposed to the conventional suspension method. The catalyst (TiO2 Degussa-P25) and activated carbon (AC) adsorbent were synergistically operated via the incorporation of the two processes which are the adsorption of phenol into AC layer, followed by the photocatalytic degradation of phenol by the TiO 2 layer. The immobilized single layer of TiO2 followed first order rate constant of Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation whereas the single layer of immobilized AC showed the second order rate constant. Therefore, the bilayer TiO2/AC followed the second order rate constant since the adsorption process was more favourable in the b ilayer system. The -2 optimum catalyst loading on the AC layer was found to be 0.327 mg cm . Operational parameters such -2 as pH of solution, light intensity and O2 supply were evaluated and were found to be at pH 6, 6.0 W m -1 of UV leakage and 100 mL min of aeration rate, respectively. The percentage of phenols removal and the rate constant by TiO2/AC bilayer system after 90 minutes of irradiation was found to be 93.42 % and -1 -1 -1 0.0154 M min while the rate constant for the single layer of TiO2 and AC was 0. 0065 min and 0.0126 -1 -1 M min , respectively. The percentage of removal by bilayer system could achieve 100 % if the time of irradiation was prolonged up to 6 hours.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O23
23rd-25th June 2010
DEGRADATION OF DEET BY OZONATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION Tay Kheng Soo, Noorsaadah Abd Rahman and Mhd. Radzi Abas Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is an active ingredient in most insect repellents. It function s as a blocker to insects chemoreceptor that sense carbon dioxide and lactic acid in locating their host. Recently, contaminations of this compound in aquatic environment and even drinking water have been extensively reported. This study was undertaken in order to study the removal of DEET in water by ozonation. In this study, the operating parameters affecting the degradation of DEET in the ozonation process were evaluated by varying the applied ozone doses, pH values of solution, initial concentrations of DEET, and solution temperatures. The degradation of DEET by ozonation followed the pseudo -first order model that is derived from two-film theory. The rate of DEET degradation increased exponentially with temperature in the range studied (20 to 50 C) and in proportion with the ozone dosage applied. The ozonation of DEET under different pH conditions in the presence of phosphate buffer occurred in two stages. During the first stage, the rate constant, kobs, increased with increasing pH, whereas in the second stage, the rate constant, kobs2, increased from pH 2.3 up to 9.9; however, it decreased when the pH value exceeded 9.9. In the case where buffers were not employed, the kobs were found to increase exponentially with pH from 2.5 to 9.2 and the ozonation was observed to occur in one stage. The rate of degradation decreased exponentially with the initial concentration of DEET. The degradation by products generated during the ozonation of DEET were identified to be N,N-diethyl-formamide, N,Ndiethyl-4-methylpent-2-enamide, 4-methylhex-2-enedioic acid, N-ethyl-m-toluamide, N,N-diethyl-otoluamide, N-acetyl-N-ethyl-m-toluamide, N-acetyl-N-ethyl-m-toluamide 2-(diethylamino)-1-mtolylethanone and 2-(diethylcarbamoyl)-4-methylhex-2-enedioic acid. These by-products resulted from ozonation of the aliphatic chain as well as the aromatic ring of DEET during the degradation process.
ENV-O24 COMPETITIVE ADSORPTION OF 4-CHLOROPHENOL AND 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON Oh Wen Da, *Lim Poh Eng, Seng Chye Eng and Amat Ngilmi Ahmad Sujari School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The objective of this study is to investigate the single and binary adsorption of 4 -chlorophenol and 2,4dichlorophenol onto activated carbon. Batch adsorption studies were conducted in a nutrient solution at different initial concentration of 4-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol individually and in combination. The single component adsorption was found to be more than 2 00.35 mg/g for 4-chlorophenol and 262.12 mg/g for 2,4-dichlorophenol at pH <7 and pH <5, respectively. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH and this was explained through surface repulsion. The single component adsorption 2 data for both chlorophenols fitted relatively well into Redlich -Peterson isotherm model with R >0.98. 2 The data could also be fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models satisfactorily with R >0.91. For the binary system, the competitive adsorption appears to be dominated by 2,4dichlorophenol. In the presents of 2,4-dichlorophenol, the adsorption of 4-chlorophenol decreases drastically. In contrast, the presents of 4-chlorophenol affected the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenol to a lesser extent. However, at pH 9, the adsorption capacity for both compounds in the binary system became comparable due to the increase in surface repulsion between the anionic form of 2,4 dichlorophenol and the surface of the activated carbon. The binary system data were fitted relativel y 2 well R >0.92 to the extended Langmuir model.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O25
STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPLEXING AGENTS IN THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Alyaa Amalina M. Azli and Abdull Rahim M. Yusoff Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The effectiveness of the removal of heavy metals using various complexing agents in aqueous solution was studied. Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg) and vanadium (V) formed insoluble complex with 2,4,6-trimercaptotiazine (TMT), sodium dimethyl dithio -carbamate (SDMTC) and sodium diethyl dithio-carbamate (SDETC) thus removing the heavy metals from the aqueous solution. Studies were carried out in four pH medium with two different standing times. The concentration of the metals in the filtrate was determined using flame atomic absorption 3+ spectrophotometer (FAAS). From the results, it was found that SDMTC was able to removed >90 % Cr , 2+ 2+ 2+ Pb and Ni in basic medium while for Hg , 87.94 % was removed in acid medium. However, only a 4+ 5+ 6+ small portion of metals such as for V , V , Cr can be removed in acid medium. From the findings, it was observed that most of the heavy metals were effectively removed by SDMTC.
ENV-O26 DEGRADATION PROFILE OF PHENOL IN SEQUENTIAL BATCH REACTOR Farah Khan, Mohammad Zain Khan and *Suhail Sabir Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, India Email: [e-mail] Compact well settling granules were cultivated for degrading 3.9 kg m d of phenols. Formed granules were studied qualitatively using SEM and it was found that a large number of bacterial types including bacterial rod, cocci, and diatoms were dispersed in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Degradation studies show that initially the removal rate of phenol was fast but later on it becomes slow. -1 Low concentration of 50, 100 and 200 mg L phenol comes down below detection limit in about 170 min -1 of the SBR cycle but high concentration of 400 and 650 mg L took around 240 min for complete removal. This study demonstrates the utilization of aerobic granulation for treating high concentration of phenol and other xenobiotics.
-3 -1
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O27
23rd-25th June 2010
STUDIES ON BIODEGRADATION OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL IN A SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR M. Z. Khan, F. Khan and *S. Sabir Environmental Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, Uttar Pradesh, India E-mail: [e-mail] Aerobic granules had been successfully cultivated in a SBR for degrading DCP at a higher organic load of -3 -1 0.42 kg DCP m d . Stable and compact granules were obtained after 70 days of SBR operation. Final -1 -1 effluent COD and DCP concentrations were 95 mg L and 2.5 mg L with corresponding removal efficiencies of 96 % and 95 % were achieved. Degradation profile shows a high initial removal rate which decreases later. There was a good agreement between COD and DCP removal profile. Degradation rate is directly proportional to the substrate concentration and the removal rate of DCP was found to be -1 - 1 -1 15.35 mg DCP L h at 60 mg L . Specific degradation rate of DCP and specific cell growth rate was 6.54 -1 -1 -1 mg DCP g VSS h and 0.042 0.005 d respectively. A parallel decrease in COD and DCP concentration confirms the complete mineralization of DCP. High O.D.600 of SBR shows effective biomass retention, which is the main advantage of this technique.
ENV-O28 REMOVAL OF 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID HERBICIDE VIA IMMOBILIZED TIO2 PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEM Lelifajri and Mohd Asri Nawi School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail:[e-mail] Removal of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide was investigated by photocatalytic process under visible light irradiation using immobilized titanium oxide (TiO 2). A simple dip coating method using the dip-coating formulation containing TiO2 powder and PVC-ENR blend as adhesive was applied for the immobilization of P -25 TiO2 powder on glass plate. The effects of experimental parameters such as catalyst loading and pH were investigated. The removal process was evaluated by monitoring the decrease of the concentration of 2,4-D via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mineralization process was observed by monitoring of the formed intermediate products and chemical oxygen demand values of the treated solutions. The 2,4 -D adsorption by immobilized TiO2 in the dark -1 exhibited a low pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0040 min . The enhanced pseudo -first-order rate -1 constant of 0.0479 min was achieved when photocatalytic process via immobilized TiO2 under fluorescent lamp irradiation was used whereby up to 99 % of 2,4-D was degraded in 90 minutes of irradiation.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-O29
LEACHIBILITY STUDIES OF HEAVY METALS FROM ALUM SLUDGE USING DIFFERENT LEACHING ELUENTS *Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff and Thanalechumi Paramalinggam Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor E-mail: [e-mail] This study focused on leachibility properties of heavy metals (Zn, Cr, Fe, and Ni) from alum sludge using various eluents (double deionized water, 0.1 M acetic acid pH 2.96, 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, 0.1 M ammonium hydroxide pH 9.83 and 0.1 M sodium hydroxide). It was carried out on alkaline pH alum sludge (pH 8 and 10) using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FAAS). The United Kingdom (UK) Leach Test was used as leaching procedure and aluminium sulphate (alum) as the coagulating agent. Results show that, at strong acidic medium (0.1 M HCI), >96 % of all the heavy metals were leached out from the both alum sludge (pH 8 and 10). At weak acidic medium (0.1 M acetic acid), in the range of 840 % of the heavy metals were leached out from both pH medium of alum sludge. Most of the heavy metals were leached out in the range of 0.5 - 38 % except for Fe about >50 % when using strong and weak basic medium (0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M NH4OH). All the heavy metals were slightly leached out (< 14 %) except for Fe in the range of 30- 69 % when using double deionized water for the both pH medium of alum sludge. As conclusion, the leachibility properties of heavy metals we re depended on the effectiveness of alum and types of leaching eluents.
ENV-O30 OPTIMIZATION OF ULTRASONIC-ASSISTED ENZYMATIC DIGESTION CONDITIONS BY USING TWO -LEVEL FACTORIAL DESIGN Yuhanees M. Yusof and Azli B. Sulaiman Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Ultrasonic-assisted digestion has been recently proposed as an efficient method for extraction of trace metals from solid matrices. It is an alternative strategy to the conventional sample pre-treatment methods based on dry-, wet-ashing and microwave digestion prior to the solid samples analysis. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on two -level factorial design with four variables was successfully implemented for the optimization study of ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic digestion (USAED) conditions. The interactions and modelled graph between the factors, which are volume of enzyme used (100 - 300 L), time of sonication (30 - 70 mins), weight of sample (0.1 - 0.5 g) and pH of digestion medium (6-10) were explored. Trace metal, Ni was determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). The total of 52 experiments were conducted; which give high coefficient of 2 determination (R = 0.9952) of the model. This indicated the suitability of the model for adequately representing the real relationship among the parameters studied. The RSM indicated that enzyme volume of 150 L, sonication time of 30 minutes, sample weight of 0.3 g and pH of 8.7 were the optimum conditions for digestion of TORT-2 reference material and biological samples.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
POSTER PRESENTATION (ENVIRONMENTAL)
ENV-P1 UTILIZATION OF FRUITS SKIN AS A BIOSORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM WATER
1,*
Siew-Teng Ong, Seok-Theng Ooi, Weng-Nam Lee and Eng-Cheong Khoo
1
2
2
1
Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia 2 Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The potential of using low cost biosorbents in the removal of basic dyes from aqueous solution has been investigated. The adsorption behaviour of agricultural waste and various fruits skin for Methylene Blue (MB) was carried out as a function of pH, contact time, concentration of MB, amount of adsorbent and sorption isotherms. The sorption process was rapid with high percentage of uptake taking place within the first 60 minutes, regardless of its initial concentration. Different kinetic models were selected to interpret the experimental data. By applying the adsorption data into the best -fit kinetic model, the rate constant, the equilibrium sorption capacity and initial rate were calculated. From these parameters, the predictive models and experimental uptake of MB were compared and discussed. Maximum sorption capacity of each biosorbent under present experimental conditions was calculated based on Lan gmuir isotherm.
ENV-P2 THE ENHANCEMENT OF COPPER AND NICKEL REMOVAL IN BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESS OF ELECTROPLATING WASTEWATER BY COMBINED USE OF SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR (SBR) AND CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION METHODS
1
M.R. Allahgholi Ghasri, R. Marandi, R. M.A.Tehrani and S. Ab Ghani
2
1
3
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Share Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran 2 Faculty of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Iran 3 Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study reported on the application of sequencing batch reactor ( SBR) and chemical precipitation methods in tandem for the enhancement of the biological treatment process of Cu(II) and Ni(II) remova l from electroplating wastewater. To remove Cu(II) and Ni(II) from electroplating wastewater the 1000 -1 mg L halide solutions of the metals were used. The treatment was performed under simultaneous mixing and aeration in the presence of the activated sludge, in Qeytarieh Treatment Plant (Tehran). The highest removal of metals was obtained at pH 8.0 0.3, sludge volume 30 % and dissolved oxygen -1 concentration 6 - 8 mg L . At these conditions the biological treatment was performed using SBRs at -1 various flow rates. The optimum flow rate was found at 40 mL min . Investigation on the real electroplating wastewater using SBRs has shown that the optimum conditions for metal removal -1 together with decrease in pollution loading were sludge volume 30 % and flow rate 4 0 mL min . The respective Cu(II) and Ni(II) removal rates were 95.2 % and 83.05 % and their BOD5 and COD decrease rates were 67.09 % and 93.89 %. To promote the efficiency of the biological treatment two different configurations of continuous SBRs and chemical precipitation were used. The more efficient has been obtained when the chemical precipitation was done after two stages of biological treatment prior to output being fed into the third reactor. Upon completion the removal of Cu(II) and Ni(II) were fo und to be 99.84 % and 99.83 % and their BOD5 and COD decrease rates were 76.77 % and 88.84 %. In addition the cyanide removal level was 8.32 %.
1
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P3
STUDY OF BANANA PEEL (MUSA SEPIENTUM) AS A CATIONIC BIOSORBENT
1
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Mohd. Jamil Maah and Ismail Yusuf
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 2 Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Biomass banana peel (Musa sapientum), is used in this study. Efficacy of the biosorbent is tested in 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ batch for Pb , Cu , Zn and Ni in single metal solution under controlled experimental conditions. The concentration of the biomass was 0.5 g. Metal ions were analyzed by atomic absorpt ion spectrophotometer using its specific lamp for each metal at a specific wavelength. It is found that metal sorption increases when the equilibrium metal concentration rises. Uptake sorption in single metal 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ system (SMS) were 27.462 mg Pb , 23.39 mg Cu , 18.83 mg Zn , 20.328 mg Ni per gram for Musa sp. -1 (Banana) peel biomass at highest experimental solution concentration, i.e. 150 mg L . Removal of metal 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ were 94.80 % Pb , 86.81 % Cu , 84.63 % Zn , 82.36 % Ni for Musa sp. (Banana) peel biomass at -1 lowest experimental solution concentration, i.e., 25 mg L . Biosorption equilibrium isotherms were plotted for the metal uptake q against the residual metal concentrations in solution. The q versus C f sorption isotherm relationship was mathematically expressed by linear Langmuir and Freundlich models. The values of separation factor or equilibrium parameter between 0 and 1 indicate the favorable sorption for four tested metal on the biosorbent. Values of surface coverage approach nearly 1 with the increasing solution concentration which indicate the effectiveness of the biosorbent under invesigation.The non-living biomass of banana peel (Musa sapientum), present comparable biosorption 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ capacity for Pb , Cu , Zn and Ni ions with other types (sources) of biosorbent materials found in previous literature. Efficiency of the biomass indicates that they are effective to remove metal ions from single metal solutions as well as in the presence of other co -ions with the main metal of solution.
ENV-P4 PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF PHYSIO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL AND WATER OF EX-MINING AREA BESTARI JAYA, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
1
Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf, Mohd. Jamil Maah and Ismail Yusuf
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia 2 Department of Geology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
This paper includes preliminary soil and water analysis of former tin mining area Bestari Jaya. The whole catchment covers an area of 2656.31 hectors. The present study area covers 92 hectors of catchment which includes two water ponds that flow downstream to Sungai Ayer Hitam that ultimately ends up 2+ 2+ into Sungai Selangor. Initially physio-chemical parameters and concentration of heavy metals Pb , Zn , 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Ni , Co , As , Cu , Fe , Mn , Sn in soil and ponds were evaluated. The metals are extracted by nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in a closed vessel microwave digestion system and analysed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method is validated by using standard reference material (NIST SRM 4354, 1643e) and results were compared with interim national water quality standards for Malaysia and found that the soil and water quality of area is degraded so it is concluded that Bestari Jaya ex-mining catchment has a high pollution potential due to mining activities and Sungai Ayer Hitam, recipient of catchment water is a highly polluted river. Different environmental aspects have also discussed in t his paper for the future research during this project.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P5
23rd-25th June 2010
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTINOCICEPTIVE ACTIVITIES OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS FROM DATURA METEL Marie Christine Merca-Obusan Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Science High S chool-Bicol Region Campus, Goa, Camarines Sur, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] The growing demand for natural sources of agents used in the manufacture of drugs demands the evaluation of phytochemicals for bioactivity. This work screened ethanol extracts from the seeds of Datura metel, a plant known to contain alkaloids, for anti -inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in albino rats. Substance extraction, preliminary toxicity evaluation, formalin -induced inflammation assay, and phasic thermal stimulus nociception test were done. The anti -inflammatory parameters were % inflammation and % inhibition based on differential paw sizes measured between observation periods. Inhibition of acute pain perception was observed in terms of latency to the given stimulus compared with the standard latent time reaction for normal nociception. Significant differences in the parameters measured among the control (positive= +C or negative= -C) and the different samples treated were determined by One-Way ANOVA. Scheffe's test was employed for identification of significant contrasts. Major findings were : i)The maximum non-fatal dose of ethanol extracts was 90 % at 1000 mg/kg; ii) All treatment concentrations (20, 50 and 70 %) administered intraperitoneally at 1000 mg/kg promoted anti-inflammatory activity at 0, 3, and 5 h after induction of inflammation; iii ) The % inflammation in treated samples was not significantly different from that of the C+ group (applied with Bethamethazone+Dexchlorophenamine maleate) during the first two periods of observation; iv) The lowest concentration was the most effective treatment for anti -inflammation; v) The anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts is inversely proportional to time; and vi) All the treatments inhibited the nociception of pain stimulus as exhibited by the delayed latency for paw licking and jumping behaviours of test animals. These findings proved the pharmacological value of Datura metel as a potential source of chemical ingredients for anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, and anaesthetics.
ENV-P6 IMPACT OF EXCESSIVE IRRIGATION ON WATER POLLUTION OF LOWER PRAVARA BASIN OF AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT D.G. Thorat Department of Chemistry, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, At/Post: Loni (Kd), Tal-Rahata, Dist-Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India E-mail: [e-mail] This paper presents quality of water samples from pravar a basin in order to find out the magnitude of water pollution. The natural quality of ground water tends to be degraded by human activities and excessive irrigation. Some sampling points were selected for the study. The parameters studied were pH, total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, turbidity, TDS, total alkalinity, iron, copper, magnesium, sodium, potassium and calcium. The ion concentrations were expressed in mg/L. The cations and 2+ 2+ + + anions must be equal to maintain the quality of water. Cations such as Ca , Mg , Na and K are present in ground water in the form of hardness and salinity. The major ions responsible to maintain the quality of ground water are carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride, sulphates, nitrates, phosphates and fluoride. Physico-chemical parameters of water from lower pravara basin of Ahmednagar district were studied.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P7
LEACHING OF ANTIMONY FROM PET BOTTLES PLASTIC OF INDONESIA, JAPAN, FRANCE AND USA COMPANY
1
Aster Rahayu, Rahmiana Zein, Refilda Suhaili, and Kazuhiro Toyoda
1
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia 2 Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido University, Japan E-mail: [e-mail]
The existence of antimony in the PET bottles can be caused by the utilization of it as a catalyst of polycondensation reaction to produce polyethylene terephthalate. The concentration of antimony leaching into the water from seven commercials brand PET bottle plastic of mineral water from Indonesia, three commercials brand PET bottle of mineral water from Japan, two commercials brand PET bottle of mineral water from France and one commercials brand PET bottle of mineral water from USA have been investigated using Inductive Couple Plasma Hydride Generator A tomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-HG-AES). The concentration of antimony in the PET bottle plastic samples from Indonesia, Japan, France and USA companies were determined using Irradiation Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) which ranged from 172 296 ppm. The samples were stored below room temperature, 40, 50, 60 and 70 C. In the room temperature and 40 C after keeping until 8 weeks still cannot determine the concentration of antimony. The average concentration of antimony for all samples stored below 50 C was 0.3 - 1.1 ppb for 6 weeks. The average concentration of antimony for all samples stored below 60 C was 0.3 - 1.1 ppb for 6 weeks 0.3 - 3.8 ppb for 6 weeks. The average concentration of antimony for all samples stored below 70 C was 0.3 - 1.1 ppb for 6 weeks and 0.7 - 3.8 ppb for 3 weeks.
ENV-P8 EFFECT OF AERATION AND NON AERATION TREATMENT IN MULTI SOIL LAYERING (MSL) SYSTEM TO DECREASE WATER POLLUTANT OF MUARA RIVER PADANG -WEST SUMATRA Aulia Indah Pratiwi, Rahmiana Zein, Hermansyah Aziz, Refilda Suhaili and Edison Munaf Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Scie nces, Andalas University, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] Muara River in Padang-West Sumatra Indonesia has been polluted from domestic and industrial waste. Multi Soil Layering (MSL) as a system was used to increase water qualities of Muara River. This system has been developed by biomaterial added such as charcoal, chaff paddy, and sawdust. Aeration and non aeration treatment were applied to know which treatment is closed for remediation of pollutant. Analysis quality of water before treatment based on pH, color, sulphate, sulfide, and organic matter variable were 7.53; 0.805 Pt - Co; 27.96 mg/L; 0.0119 mg/L; and 65.20 mg/L respectively. Result showed that aeration treatment was effective to reduce organic matter by MSL -chaff paddy, 60 % effective. Non aeration treatment showed 80 % effective to increase color of water quality by MSL -charcoal. Based on Indonesian water quality assurance, water treated t hrough these MSL was passed for tourism aspect quality of water.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P9
23rd-25th June 2010
REMOVAL OF TOXIC METAL Pb, Cu AND Hg IN WASTE FRIED CHICKEN COOKING OIL BY WASTE SUGAR CANE PULP Indrawati, R. W. Athika, I.Y. Betra, Rahmiana Zein, Yefrida and Refilda Suhaili Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] The influence of repeatedly frying process of chicken on toxic metal content Pb, Cu, and Hg in waste fried chicken cooking oil was investigated. For metal content analysis, wet destruction of waste cooking oil is applied. Pb and Cu concentration was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (WFX SSA Rayleigh - 320) is applied to measuring the particle of Cu and Pb, a nd Hg by cold vapor SSA (Perkin Elmer). It is found that the Pb metal content in 1 4 times repeatedly frying process is 433, 467, 487 and 533 ppm, in waste fried chicken cooking oil market found 573 ppm and mixed waste cooking oil is 676 ppm. For the Cu metal content in 1 4 times repeatedly frying process is 633, 743, 76 and 862 ppm, in fried chicken cooking market waste cooking oil is 934 ppm and mixed waste cooking oil is 1001 ppm. Hg metal content in 1 4 times repeatedly frying process is 4927 7703 ppb, in waste fried chicken cooking market waste is 8231 ppb and mixed waste cooking oil is 8387 ppb. The result of this research show that increasing in each time of the frying process based on SNI 01 3741 2002, the metal of Pb and Cu does not fulfill with quality standard but the Hg metal content fulfill with the quality standards SNI . The reuse of fried process might damage the nutrient of cooking oil, especially from metal adsorption. In order to decrease metal adsorption (Pb, Cu and Hg) in waste cooking oil, adsorption process is done by varying the particle size of sugar cane pulp, ie (425 - >250, 250 - >180, 180 - > 150, and 150) m at 7 grams of mass by using the contact time for 10 days. It is found that the optimum condition for oil pro cessed at 7 grams of mass and particle size of 150 m for 10 days contact time. The results show the metals lead and mercury on the in waste fried chicken cooking oil are decreased about 70368 % and 93182 %. On the other hand, metal Cu increasing by 16.25 %. Compared to the metal content in the cooking oils by SNI 01-3741-2002, the metal of Pb and Cu does not fulfill with quality standard but the Hg metal content fulfill with the quality standards SNI.
ENV-P10 REMEDIATION OF GROUNDWATER POLLUTED WITH NITRATE USING ION-EXCHANGE RESIN AND HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST
1,2
Lina Mahardiani, Yoshinori Sakamoto and Yuichi Kamiya
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3
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Department of Educational Chemistry, University of Sebelas M aret, Surakarta, Indonesia 3 Research Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan E-mail: [e-mail]
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1
Groundwater is polluted with nitrate (NO3 ) due to over fertilization. Herein, we report the remediation of groundwater by a combination process consisted of anion-exchange resin and heterogeneous Sn-Pd bimetallic catalyst. Under optimized conditions, 88.5 % of NO3 was removed from the groundwater by using the anion-exchange resin within 3 h and the concentration of NO3 in the treated groundwater was 10.1 mg/L, which was below the allowable level for drinking. In the next step, we carried out the desorption of NO3 from the resin, in other words, regeneration of the resin, with high-concentration of NaCl solution and found that about 72 % of NO3 was desorbed from the resin. In the last step, we conducted catalytic decomposition of NO3 in the secondary wastewater generated by the regeneration of the resin and demonstrated that the Sn -Pd bimetallic catalyst successfully decomposed NO3 in the water along with low selectivity for undesirable NH3 formation even in the presence of high concentration NaCl.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P11
PROMOTION OF PUBLIC AWARENESS THROUGH THE ASSESSMENT OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY: THE CASE OF TARLAC CITY, PHILIPPINES Xyris Gerard A. Fernandez, Maria Elena D. David and Lolita V. Sicat Tarlac State University, Romulo Boulevard, San Vicente, Tarlac City, Tarlac, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] This study aimed to monitor the level of air pollutant s in the ambient air of Tarlac City. Samples were collected from different parts of the city to evaluate which has the highest level of pollutants and the effect of seasons. Results were compared and interpreted using the standards specified in Republic Ac t 8749 otherwise known as the Clean Air Act of 1999. According to the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP) of Tarlac, there were no available data on air pollution levels in the different urban areas of the province. The Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), which is responsible for air quality monitoring, has not installed (as of May 2008) any monitoring station in the province to gauge the level of air pollutants in the area. Thus, in order to address this problem, the Tarlac State University Research Office has facilitated in the ambient air monitoring activities of the city. Parameters like sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), carbon monoxide (CO), and lead (Pb) were analyzed and compared with the allowable limits given by the standards. The findings will be used for policy formulation in the city government of Tarlac.
ENV-P12 BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Pb, Cu AND Zn) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY MARINE ALGAE BIOMASS Ching Mei Lan and Marcus Jopony School of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Continuous input of wastewater containing heavy metals can cause adverse inputs to the aq uatic ecosystem. It is therefore important that this wastewater be treated prior to discharge. Biosorption using algal biomass is one of the alternative methods recommended for this purpose. In this study the ability of marine algae (Sargassum sp.) biomass in the removal of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn from aqueous solution was investigated according to batch adsorption method. The residual metal concentration in solution was determined by atomic spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the adsorption of all the metals was rapid and reached maximum at about 30 min of contact time. Equilibrium was attained at 120 min with more than 90 % of heavy metals being removed from solution. The adsorption of each metal increase as the initial concentration of heavy metal increase from 10 to 50 g/mL. The equilibrium adsorption data fitted better to Freundlich isotherm compared to Langmuir isotherm. In term solid-solution ratio, percentage of adsorption increase slightly with the increase in biosorbent dosage (0.1 to 1.0 g). Similarly, the adsorption of heavy metals increased with the increase of pH from pH 2 to pH 4. However, no significant increase in adsorption was observed beyond pH 4.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P13
23rd-25th June 2010
ELECTROGENERATIVE PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF LEAD USING A BATCH CELL Nurul Hanis Mohd Ramalah, Nur Fatin Zakaria, Fatemeh Salehin Karoonian, Mohammad Etesami and Norita Mohamed School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A batch electrochemical reactor operating in an electrogenerative mode was used in the recovery of lead. This operation is attractive in reducing operating costs due to the spontaneous chemical reaction that take place in the reactor. A batch cell using three-dimensional cathodes namely porous graphite or reticulated vitreous carbon were coupled with a zinc anode. The performance of the electrogenerative system was evaluated based on various parameters: initial lead(II) nitrate concentration, choice of cathode material used, supporting electrolyte concentration and acidity of anolyte and catholyte solutions. More than 90 % lead was recovered within 3 h of operation by using porous graphite. The recovery of lead was 100 % after 1 hour of operation using a reticulated vitreous carbon as a cathode. X Ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to visualize the lead deposits.
ENV-P14 ELECTROGENERATIVE REMOVAL OF COBALT FROM SULPHATE SOLUTIONS USING A FLOW-BY REACTOR Tan Wan Xin and Norita Mohamed School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail:[e-mail] A flow-by reactor which was operated in a batch-recycle mode was used to study the removal of cobalt from sulphate solutions via an electrogenerative process. Reticulated vitreous carbon, a threedimensional electrode was used as the cathode material. The effect of initial cobalt(II) concentrations of -1 10, 100 and 500 mg L and different electrolyte flow rates on cobalt removal were investigated. Results -1 -1 obtained showed that more than 96 % (from 10 mg L ) and 98 % (from 100 mg L ) of cobalt were -1 reduced on the cathode after 4 h of operation. For initial cobalt(II) concentration of 500 mg L , more than 98 % of cobalt was removed after 7 h of operation at all the electrolyte flow rates. The removal of cobalt was dependent on the initial cobalt(II) concentration but varying the electrolytes flow rates did not greatly affect the percentage of cobalt removal.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P15
CYCLODEXTRIN POLYURETHANE AND CARBON NANOTUBE COMPOSITES EMBEDDED IN ALGINATE BEADS FOR THE REMOVAL OF CONTAMINANTS IN WATER H.I. Ezuruike, R.W.Krause and B. B. Mamba Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011 Doornfontein 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail: [e-mail] Water is often contaminated with organic and inorganic compounds through natural means and human activities. Water that is free of toxic chemicals is essential to both human health and environment. Beta cyclodextrin (-CD) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) were used together with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) linker at a ratio of 1:8 to make polyurethanes. The synthesized polyurethanes were suspended in aqueous sodium alginate and added dr opwise into aqueous calcium chloride solution to precipitate polymer gel composites. The polymer gel composites were further crosslinked with HMDI to finally produce alginate polymer composite beads. The use of CNTs as copolymer was meant to improve the structural stability of the polymer and also increased adsorption efficiency towards organic pollutants. p-Nitrophenol was used as a model organic pollutant to evaluate the beads capabilities to remove pollutants in water. Sorption experiments were carried out and the data fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. From these isotherms, the adsorption capacities for pnitrophenol in water of around 100 mg pollutant per gram of polymer were determined. The characterization was carried out using techniques such as Fourier Infra Red spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transform Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. This project has its usefulness derived from the combination of the three compounds such as beta cyclodextrin (-CD), carbon nanotubes (multiwalled) and alginates. These properties as combined are of great interest in the area of environmental remediation.
ENV-P16 DEGRADATION OF PHENOL BY SONICATION IN ADDITION OF SALT Hamidah Abdullah and Nur Ismayuslini Saberi Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Phenol is a potential hazard to human health and the environment. Sonication for phenol degradation has proved to be an attractive process over the years. Currently, sonication process was involving catalyst in improving the degradation process. In this research, sonication was performed with addition of salt to replace the catalyst to make it cost effective method. The degradation of phenol in aqueous solution was investigated using 60 kHz ultrasonic reactor. The experiments were performed at initial concentrations varying from 20 to 50 mg/L, different temperature in th e range of 40 - 90 C and pH of phenol solution ranging from 1 - 4. The study of effect of salt was performed by comparison the phenol degradation with and without salt (NaCl) for each parameter. The higher percentage of phenol degradation was at 20 mg/L of initial concentration, pH 1 and at temperature 70 C which is 10.2, 28.3 and 17.3 % phenol degradation, respectively. The sonication with addition of salt shows improvement in % of phenol degradation whereby its degradation are 14.4 , 31.2 and 21.3 %, respectively. It shows that the % degradation of phenol using sonication process can be improved with addition of salt.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P17
23rd-25th June 2010
ELECTROGENERATIVE REDUCTION OF HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM TO TRIVALENT CHROMIUM USING A GALVANIC FLOW-BY BATCH-RECYCLE REACTOR N Mohamed, KW Phneh, WX Tan and N Aminuddin School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Studies on the electrogenerative reduction of hexavalent chromium to trivalent chromium were done using a flow-by cell. Reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) was used as the cathode while the anode used was steel-wool. The influence of flow-rate, initial catholyte concentration and removal of dissolved oxygen from the test solutions on the spontaneous reduction proces s were studied using acidified potassium dichromate solutions (250 ppm, 100 ppm, 50 ppm and 25 ppm Cr(VI)) as the simulated waste -1 water). With a flow-rate of 50 mL min , the galvanic flow cell was able to reduce more than 99 % of hexavalent chromium from an electroplating rinse water sample in 32 3 minutes of operation.
ENV-P18 RECOVERY OF COPPER USING AN ELECTRO MPCELL OPERATED IN AN ELECTROGENERATIVE MODE Suganty d/o Kanapathy, Fong Kay Chun and Norita Mohamed School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This paper is focused on the performance of an Electro MP Cell operated in a batch recycle mode for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions. The cell was modified to enables i ts use based on an electrogenerative mode where a spontaneous chemical reaction occurs between the copper/zinc couple without the need for an external power supply. The cell used is a single compartment cell with two conventional electrodes, separated by a membrane and connected by a conducting wire to complete the circuit. Acidic copper (II) sulphate solutions were used as a catholyte and sodium chloride was used as an anolyte. The performance of the cell was evaluated based on various parameters, namely electrolyte flow rate, initial copper (II) concentrations, type of cathode material used (graphite and stainless steel), anolyte concentrations and acidity of catholyte solutions. The rate of recovery was found to be dependent on the parameters studied. Res ults have shown that this system is able to -1 recover 99.9 0.03 % of copper from 500 ppm of acidic Cu(II) solutions at a flow rate of 1000 mL min within 3.5 hours of operation. The Electro MP cell with graphite as a cathode, zinc as an anode and an anion exchange membrane (Neosepta AM1) was proposed as the most efficient system in recovering copper in its metallic state.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P19
PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE RED 4 BY IMMOBILIZED TiO 2 DEGUSSA P-25 USING ENR/PVC BLEND AS ADHESIVES Salmiah Md Zain and *M.A. Nawi School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In this study, the fabrication of immobilized TiO 2 Degussa P-25 (P-25) powder has been developed by applying ENR/PVC blend as adhesives in a coating formulation that allows immobilization of the catalyst via simple dip coating technique onto glass plate. The photocatalytic activities of the immobilized catalyst were evaluated using an azo-dye Reactive Red 4 (RR4) as a model pollutant under the irradiation of 45W fluorescent lamp. Based on the photocatalytic removal rate and the adhesion of the P-25 powder, the optimum ratio of ENR to PVC for the immobilization was found to be as 1:2. Based on Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, the optimum pseudo-first-order photocatalytic degradation rate -1 -1 of RR4 for immobilized and aqueous slurry P-25 was found to be 0.086 min and 0.167 min , respectively. It was also observed that the incorporated ENR/PVC polymer within the immobilized substrate degraded under irradiation since chemical oxygen demand (COD) values were detected in the th treated ultrapure water. No COD values were detected on the 5 cycle of reuse of P-25/ENR/PVC plate indicating of the cessation of the degradation of the p olymers. Optimization of the operational parameters such as aeration rate, loading of catalyst, pH and initial RR4 concentration had also been carried out. Application of 40 mL/min of aeration into the system yields a RR4 degradation rate of 4 -3 2 times better than without aeration. The optimal P-25 dosage was about 1.48 x 10 g/cm . The average pseudo first order rate constant of RR4 removal for 10 cycles of 1 hour repeated applications of the -1 immobilized P-25 is 0.061 0.006 min .
ENV-P20 MLR- AND ANN-QSAR MODELS FOR PREDICTING TOXICITY OF NITROBENZENE DERIVATIVES USING TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS
1
Jennifer C. Sy, Alex A. Tardaguila, Eric R. Punzalan and Dennis S. J. Tuyogon
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2
3
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Department of Physical Science, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Manila, Philippines Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate1004, Manila, Philippines 3 Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baos 4031, Laguna, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Nitrobenzene derivatives are harmful chemicals that cause skin sensitization, germ cell degeneration, inhibition of liver enzymes, and cancer. This study aimed to generate QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) models for prediction of to xicity of nitrobenzene derivatives using multiple -linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) procedures. The aquatic toxicity of nitrobenzene derivatives to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, obtained from the literature, was used as data set. The data set was grouped into training set (N=80) and validation set (N=9). The relationships between toxicity (LN 1/ICG50) and seven significant topological descriptors were established by MLR and ANN. The predictive ability of the models were evalu ated by applying the following five statistical parameters to the validating set: predicted residual sum of squares (PRESS), root mean square error of prediction 2 2 (RMSEP), standard error of prediction (SEP), correlation coefficient (R ), predictive performance (Q ). 2 2 Results showed that ANN model (Q = 0.7705, N =9) was more accurate than the MLR model (Q = 0.6368, N = 9) for predicting the toxicity of the new set of nitrobenzene derivatives.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P21
23rd-25th June 2010
ZINC AVAILABILITY IN SOIL AND ZINC CONCENTRATION IN THE RICE GRAIN Dennis S. J. Tuyogon, Wency Larazo and Sarah E.J. Beebout Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Ri ce Research Institute, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] Zinc is one of the essential trace elements for plant growth an d human nutrition. Zinc deficiency in flooded soil is common especially in soils of low organic matter with neutral to high pH. Aerobic soil condition is one of the key factors that affects zinc availability for plant uptake which could be possibly facilitate effective reduction of water input. Two field experiments were conducted on adjacent sites in San Francisco, Pila, Laguna to compare the effect of the safe alternate wetting and drying (AWD -10Kpa) and continuous flooding (CF) water regimes during fallo w on zinc availability for rice, to determine if Zn application to seedling nursery is sufficient to minimize Zn deficiency in the rice grain and optimize Zn sulfate fertilization to increase grain Zn concentration. Experiment 1 has 4 replicates laid out o n a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with water regime as main plot factor and 8 Zn MxZnN as combination sub plot factor. Experiment 2 is also RCBD with 4 replicates with 4 Zn levels x 2 Zn timing under CF. Results showed that the zinc content in b rown rice with AWD is significantly higher than with CF. Zn fertilizer added to the main plot did not generate significant effect on grain Zn unless the rate is more than 5 kg/ha. Any addition of Zn fertilizer in seedling nursery had no effect to minimiz e Zn in rice grains. Safe AWD maintained longer aerobic condition throughout season therefore, soil Zn remained more available to the plant and higher grain Zn was achieved. Experiment 2, showed that varying zinc timing and zinc levels did not affect grain Zn in brown rice due to CF, therefore, anaerobic conditions throughout the season which consequently resulted to lower soil Zn availability and grain Zn.
ENV-P22 PREDICTING HENRYS LAW CONSTANTS FOR SOME ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY MLR - AND ANN-BASED QSPR MODELS USING CONNECTIVITY INDICES
2
Jennifer C. Sy, Dana Grace B. Rutilla, Alex A. Tardaguila and Eric R. Punzalan
2
2
1
1
Department of Physical Science, Pamantasan ng Lungs od ng Maynila, Gen. Luna St., Intramuros 1002, Manila, Philippines 2 Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Ave., Malate1004, Manila, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail]
The Henrys law constant, kH, is defined as the ratio of a partial pressure p a in air to its mole fraction xa in water. The kH is a key parameter for assessing the distribution of trace organic compounds among the various environmental media (e.g. air, water, soil, sediment). However, determination of k H is difficult particularly for organic compounds with very low vapor pressures or low aqueo us solubilities. In this work, we generated quantitative structure -property relationship (QSPR) models for predicting Henrys law constant (kH) of hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons using connectivity indices (CI) as predictors. A total of 177 organic compounds were used (152 in training set and 25 in test set) for QSPR modeling by stepwise multiple-linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN). The MLR 2 model generated has 9 constitutional descriptors that have significant influence to kH (R = 0.924). The 2 MLR model showed high prediction performance (Q = 0.928) when applied to the test set (N = 25). However, more accurate results were obtained when ANN -based QSPR models were used to predict the 2 kH (Q > 0.950, N = 25).
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P23
QSPR PREDICTION OF SOLUBILITY OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER USING CONSTITUTIONAL AND TOPOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORS Ronald A. Simporios, Joanna Marie A. Dimailig, Jay-Ar Carlo S. Aurelio, Marie Joy Rellona, Ma. Jocel L. Hernandez, Elisa A. Molinyawe, Jennifer C. Sy, and *Alex A. Tardaguila Department of Physical Science, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Gen. Luna St., Intramuros 1002, Manila, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] The solubility of a substance is defined as the concentration of dissolved solu te in equilibrium with undissolved solute at a specified temperature and pressure. The study of solubility is important for a wide variety of processes, including oxygen transport in the blood, drug interactions, environmental pollution, and industrial processes. In this work, quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) method was employed to model the solubility values (expressed as LN Sol) of 103 organic compounds. Stepwise multiple-linear regression (MLR) was applied to the data set with 48 const itutional and 166 topological descriptors. The data set was divided into two groups: 93 and 10 compounds for training and testing sets, respectively. Stepwise MLR generated three models (five to nine independent variables) 2 2 with R values of 0.860 to 0.920. The three models showed high prediction performance, Q (0.922 to 0.948).
ENV-P24 DISSOLUTION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS BY IONIC LIQUID
1
Zati Ismah Ishak, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Dzulkefly Kuang Abdullah, Astimar Abdul Aziz, 1, 3 3 Mahiran Basri and Abu Bakar Salleh
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Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Agro Product Unit, Engineering & Processing Division, Jalan Sekolah, Pekan Bangi Lama, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Ionic liquid has been employed in the dissolution of oil palm biomass, mainly oil palm fronds, empty fruit bunches and oil palm trunk as it was found as one of the alternative solvent that could dissolve biopolymers molecule up to 5 wt %. Lignocellulosic biomass has been identified as a suitable feedstock for future large-scale bio-refineries. Dissolution of lignocellulosic biomass by ionic liquid is by no means considered as a most facile method to disrupt the tight packing arrangement of cellulose fibrils in the crystalline domains of cellulose. The celluloses regenerated by rapid precipitation the dissolved cellulose dopes with an anti-solvent such as water have demonstrated a great improvement in term of enhancing enzymatic saccharification of cellulose. The saccharification yield ranged from 80 % to 90 % for the regenerated cellulose while only around 25 % could be achieved for the untreated cellulose due to the increment of surface area accessible to enzymes adsorption.
1
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ENV-P25
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER -CONTAINING CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTs) AND THEIR USE IN THE REMOVAL OF IMPURITIES IN WATER Z. P. Nhlabatsi, R. W. Krause and L. M. Cele University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemical Technology, P.O.Bo x 17011, Doornfontein 2028, RSA E-mail: [e-mail] For this study, copper-containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized in situ by using the electric arc discharge apparatus, and in a multi -step process using one of two wet techniques namely: an electroless plating and impregnate method respectively. The Cu-containing CNTs were then applied in water treatment. The MWCNTs that were used for the wet technique were synthesized by the nebulised spray pyrolysis using ferrocene/toluene under argon flow. These CNTs 0 were first purified by burning off the amorphous carbon at 500 C in an oven, and then immersing in hydrochloric acid (HCl) to remove the iron catalyst used during the synthesis. Hydroxylic and carboxylic groups were then generated on the CNTs surface by treating them with concentrate d nitric acid (HNO3). The MWCNTs were characterized with Fourier transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT -IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Energy Dispersive X -ray Spectroscopy 2+ (EDX). Application of the Cu-containing CNTs was investigated in the removal of mercury (Hg ), one of the heavy metals present in some polluted soils, especially near industrial areas and hazardous waste 2+ water sites via batch studies. The Hg concentration was determined using Graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). Water samples inoculated with Escherichia coli ( E. coli) were also treated with the Cu-containing CNTs to ascertain their antibacterial activities. Results obtained for both treated and untreated water were then compared.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
ORAL PRESENTATION (INDUSTRIAL)
IND-O1 BENCH TESTS EVALUATION ON THE IMPACT OF BIODIESEL FATTY ACID METHYL ESTER TO LUBRICANT PERFORMANCE Norhidayah Ahmad Wazir and Ismail Yusoff PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd, Research & Technology Division, PETRONAS Lot 3288 & 3289, Off Jalan Ayer Itam, Kawasan Institusi Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Impact of biodiesel fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) on lubricant has been investigated using laboratory bench tests. Different levels and types of biodiesel FAMEs based on rapeseed (RME), soybean (SME) and palm (PME) have been employed in this study. The lubricant performance areas under study are oxidation stability, corrosion and deposit. Laboratory bench tests such as High Temperature Corrosion Bench Test (HTCBT), Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimeter (PDSC) and Thermo oxidation Engine Oil Simulation Test (TEOST) will be deployed to assess the lubricant performance with the presence of the biodiesel FAMEs. The effect of chemical composition of biodiesel FAMEs to lubricant performance will be discussed in details.
IND-O2 NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PALM OIL ESTERS FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF KETOPROFEN M.H.F. Sakeena, Elrashid S.M., Munavvar A.S. and Azmin M.N. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro permeation of ketoprofen from the formulated nano emulsions through excised rat skin and the efficacy of nano -emulsions formulated as anti-inflammatory products. Palm Oil Esters (POEs) newly introduced oil by Universiti P utra Malaysia researchers was chosen for use as the oil phase of the nano-emulsion this study, as it was reported to be a good vehicle for pharmaceutical use. Permeation of ketoprofen nanoemulsion by in vitro through hairless rat skin was evaluated in Frantz diffusion cells and compared with marketed product Fastum gel. Effects of limonene added to the nano-emulsion formulations at the level of 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % on skin permeation of ketoprofen through the skin also evaluated. The selected optimized formul ation was further studied for anti-inflammatory effects on carrageenan-induced rat hind paw edema test. Using limonene as a penetration enhancer the permeation of ketoprofen from the formulated nano -emulsion increased according to the increasing concentration of limonene. The results obtained showed that nano emulsion with 3 % limonene produced similar and comparable release of ketoprofen with marketed formulation. Results of anti-inflammatory studies in rats correlated well to the results of in -vitro permeation studies. This work reveals the suitability of palm oil esters as a new ingredient for the pharmaceutical industry to deliver drug namely ketoprofen by transdermal route. Nano -emulsions could also be the dosage form of choice for future topical prepar ations.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia IND-O3
23rd-25th June 2010
TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM OLEIN INTO BIODIESEL USING WASTE BOILER ASH AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST Peng-Lim Boey and Siew Seok Yee School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In the present work, the ability of metal oxides present in boiler ash was investigated as a potential heterogeneous catalyst in transesterification of palm olein into biodiesel. Boiler ash, an under -utilized oil palm mill waste, is abundantly available throughout the year. The use of waste catalyst in biodiesel production reduces the production cost of biodiesel as well as adds value to the waste itself. The waste catalyst was characterized by SEM-EDX, FTIR, TGA-FTIR and XRD. Optimization of reaction parameters (methanol/oil molar ratio and catalyst amount) was done by using response surface methodology. A conversion of approximately 90 % was achieved under the optimal reaction condition of 20:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 26 wt. % of catalyst (based on oil weight) at methanol refluxing temperature (65 C) for a reaction period of 8 hours.
IND-O4 CHEMICALLY MODIFICATION OF LIGNIN BIOPOLYMER AND ITS INDUSTRIALLY APPLICATION AS A HYDROCARBON DRILLING WELL ADDITIVE Mohamed-Rashid Ahmed Haras, *M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim and C. S. Sipaut School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study investigates the possibility of lignin chemically modified (CML) biopolymer as a prospective hydrocarbon drilling mud multi-functional additive. In this direction, CML was prepared using oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibre as a renewable biomass source. Initially, Kraft lignin (KL) was extracted by exploiting the OPEFB fibre Kraft pulping residue. The KL was then modified via polymerization reaction using p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTS) as a catalyst in the condensation process. For the application procedures, CML has been subjected to the simulated hydrocarbon drilling well conditions in order to evaluate its ability to control the drilling mud rheological properties. The evaluation process was applied by conducting the rheological testes according to the American Petroleum Institute (API) standard procedures. The CML illustrated potential viscosifying and gelling capabilities at high temperature. Its also compatible with the existing commercial drilling mud additives and performed reasonably well with fresh and saline water based drilling mud.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia IND-O5
EFFECTS OF EXTRACTION SOLVENTS ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION PROPERTIES OF MANGROVE TANNINS (RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) Kang Wei Tan and M. Jain Kassim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The objectives of this study were to investigate the correlation of phenolic compositions and corrosion inhibition properties of R.apiculata bark extracts as affected by 9 solvent systems. Several phenolic compositions, namely, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), con densed tannin content (CTC) were investigated. In addition, the inhibitive actions of tannin extracts on mild steel in 1 M HCl solution were studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed that extraction solvents had significant effects on TPC, TFC, CTC and inhibition properties of extracts. A good correlation between CTC and inhibitive properties of R.apiculata bark extracts were revealed.
IND-O6 STUDY OF INTERACTION BETWEEN ALKYL POLYGLUCOSIDE AND SODIUM LAURYL ETHOXYLATE SULPHATE IN A MIXED SURFACTANT SYSTEM Ng Siew Ling School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Sodium lauryl ethoxylate sulphate (SLES) is a type of anionic surfactant found in conventional toiletry and personal care products for cleaning. This was synthesized from petrochemicals and less biodegradable compared to surfactants synthesis from natural products such as alkyl polyglucoside (APG). There was needed for finding a way to replace the SLES with an environmental friendly surfactant such as APG. The surface tension, critical micelle concentration (cmc) and the interaction between the nonionic surfactant, APG and anionic surfactant, SLES and their mixture in different molar ratio such as 4:1, 1:1, 1:4, 1:0 and 0:1 with and without addition of salt such as sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) was prepared and tested with tensiometer KSV Sigma 703D. The cmc can be determined from the graph of surface tension against concentration and the factor investigated was effect of salt and the mixed surfactant. Addition of APG into SLES solution, regardless of the studied molar ratio, reduced the CMC value and surface tension. The most significant drop of CMC value was observed in 4:1 molar ratio which showed 0.89 mM that is 55.5 % lower than cmc value of SLES. However, it was found that the cmc obtained from the experiment deviate neg atively from the cmc predicted from ideal solution theory which sugests a higher tendency of mixed micelle formation . By employing the well known regular solution theory, interaction parameter, of this mixed surfactant system was determined. This study also showed that more significant reduction of surface tension and cmc value in the presence of electrolyte. The surface tension value increased in the order: CaCl 2 <NaCl <without electrolyte as well as the CMC value. Nevertheless, neither addition of NaCl nor CaCl2 affects the cmc values of APG which reported as 0.079 mM. The result suggests that the presence of APG could help to minimize the sensitivity to electrolyte for SLES and thus ensure the surfactant performance, for example in cleaning agent though in the absence of chelating agent. The more significant impact of CaCl 2 could + be due to a higher degree of counterion binding than monovalent ions, Na which leading to greater charge neutralization and less electrostatic repulsion between the polar head groups in the mixed micelles of APG and SLES. The larger of the size of hydrated counterion will cause the cmc to decrease and favor the formation of mixed micelle.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia IND-O7
23rd-25th June 2010
PYROLYSIS OF RESIDUAL PALM OIL IN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY BY TUBULAR FURNACE AND ANAL YSIS OF THE PRODUCTS BY GC-MS Peng-Lim Boey and Norzahir Sapawe School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The palm oil refinery industry in Malaysia generates about 177 000 tonnes of spent bleaching clay (SBC) annually. At 1 % clay dosage, nearly 50 000 tonnes of adsorbed oil (at 28 % oil retention) can be recovered. This oil-laden SBC is currently under-utilized as it is dumped in landfills without any attempt to recover the oil. A total of 26.57 wt % of residual palm oil in spent bleaching clay was pyrolyzed using tubular furnace. The pyrolytic oil products analyzed by GC -MS showed aliphatic hydrocarbon ranging from C9 - C18 in the main condenser and C16 - C44 in the saturated NaCl solution extract. Carboxylic acids and alkanes were the major classes of compounds found in the main condenser and extract from NaCl solution. Significant amounts of monoaromatic compounds, alkenes, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, nitrogenated compounds, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were found in this study. The bio-oil resulting from the pyrolysis process gives n-hexadecanoic acid as the major compound.
IND-O8 THE EFFECTS OF DIMETHYLACETOACETAMIDE, MONOMETHYLACETOACETAMIDE AND ACETOACETAMIDE ON THE DURABLE PRESS PERFORMANCE OF COTTON FABRICS TREATED WITH DMDHEU AND GLYCOLATED DMDHEU Priscilla Lim Ming Huei and Che Su Endud School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] DMDHEU, a renowned formaldehyde-based cross-linking agent for cellulosic fibers, has been established as one of the most effective crease resistance agents in textile finishing industries. It confers relatively high overall durable press (DP) performance to cotton while maintaining the fabric strength at a satisfactory level. However, the free formaldehyde content released from finished products fails to achieve acceptable levels. In this study, DMDHEU was modified with ethylene glycol (EG), diethylen e glycol (DEG) and 5 - 10 % N,N-dimethylacetoacetamide (DMAA), 5 - 10 % N-monomethylacetoacetamide (MMAA), 5 - 10 % acetoacetamide (AA) respectively as well as with mixtures of DMDHEU/EG/DMAA, DMDHEU/DEG/DMAA, DMDHEU/EG/MMAA, DMDHEU/DEG/MMAA, DMDHEU/EG/AA and DMDHEU/DEG/AA using the pad-dry-cure method. Using magnesium chloride as the catalyst, samples were dipped and padded at 70 - 80 % wet pick-up, dried at 100 C for 3 minutes and cured at 150 - 190 C for 1 - 1 minutes. The degree of cross-linking of treated samples were characterised by their DP ratings while the extent of detrimental effects caused by the resin were measured by their tensile strengths. The results showed that DMDHEU in combination with DEG and acetoacetamide derivatives brought about positive effects to the treated fabrics as they significantly reduced the free formaldehyde content and slightly decreased the strength loss of fabrics while giving the DP rating and whiteness index at acceptable levels. The optimum DP performance was shown by DMDHEU/DEG/10 % DMAA formulation, cured at 170 C for 1 minutes.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia IND-O9
INVESTIGATION OF PYROLYSIS PRDUCTS OF RESIDUAL PALM OIL IN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY USING TGA-FTIR Peng-Lim Boey and Fashehah Aishah Yuzeri School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Spent bleaching clay (SBC) is a waste from palm oil industry containing considerable amount of adsorbed oil. It is currently disposed by dumping it in landfills causing en vironmental problems. SBC can be source of low cost oil for production of biofuels and chemicals. In this study pyrolysis of residual crude palm oil adsorbed in SBC was carried out using coupled TGA-FTIR. The clay was heated in the temperature range of 30 - 900 C at the rate of 20 C/min under nitrogen flow. The evolved gasses were transferred simultaneously to a glass cell, followed by the FTIR. The identification of compounds was done using a library matching The crude palm oil adsorbed in SBC was comple tely pyrolyzed in the temperature range 330 - 440 C with evolution of hydrocarbons, while the virgin crude palm oil without clay was pyrolyzed at higher temperature range 370 - 510 C. The possible groups of compounds formed in the pyrolysis of crude palm oil were cycloparaffins, normal paraffins, olefinic hydrocarbons and some alcohols.
IND-O10 SPECTROSCOPIC INVESTIGATION ON UV-INDUCED FILM MATRIX COMPACTION OF VINYL-FUNCTIONAL SILSESQUIOXANE
1
M.T. Zainuddin, S.A.A.A. Nazri, M.Z.A. Malek, U. Hashim and A. Isnin
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1
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Advanced Materials Research Centre, SIRIM Berhad, M alaysia Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Photosensitive organic-inorganic hybrid sol-gel materials have been extensively investigated for fabrication of planar circuitry technology especially in the integrated photonic applications. This is due to its versatility in incorporation of wide variety materials and ease of process manipulation for such technology. Organic-inorganic hybrid sol gel solution was prepared through hydrolysis and condensation of vinyl-functional silsesquioxane precursor namely vinyltriethoxysilane. Crack -free and smooth surface films were achieved by performing spin coating technique with film thi ckness were around 1 micron. Films exhibit active photosensitivity towards UV light by obtaining high absorption bands in UV -Vis spectrometry at 246.2 nm due to the unimolecular cleavage activities of benzoin isobutyl ether that act as photoinitiators in the composition. UV light irradiation has been executed by using high pressure Mercury lamp at 435 to 200 nm. Spectroscopic reflectometry indicated that UV irradiation process has induced for reduction in film thickness of up to 5 % and increment in refract ive index from 1.425 to 1.435. Structural changes studies using FTIR and Raman spectrometry indicated that UV irradiation facilitates addition polymerization of vinylic groups (C=C) to form Si(CH 2)nSi linkage within the film matrix. In addition to that Raman spectrometry has allowed the identification of vibration bands of the hydroxyl groups associated with terminal silanol bonds and the free molecular water in the film matrix. It also provided alternative technique for quantifying inorganic network connec tivity grade of fabricated silsesquioxane compared to silica films. Micropatterning involving UV irradiation with presence of photomask was applied for channel development and investigation on photosensitivity of the patterned surface by field emission scanning electron microscope described formation of well defined waveguides channel and high resistant against 5 % NaOH solution indicated that UV irradiated area has high chemical durability towards alkaline etching solution.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
POSTER PRESENTATION (INDUSTRIAL)
IND-P1 SULFONATION OF PETROLEUM BASE OILS WITH DEVELOPMENT OF THE EMULSIFIERS Abdulbaset M. Elgellal and Imad. H. Alwahib Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of 7 October, Misurata, Libya E-mail: [e-mail] This work is concerned with the sulfonation of petroleum base oils using sulphur trioxide in which the aromatic hydrocarbons were converted to corresponding petroleum sulfonate derivatives. The extraction of the obtained petroleum sulfonates was optimized. The physical properties of these sulfonates were studied for which there applications could be widened. The aqueous isopropyl alcohol was found to be the most effective solvent in extracting the petroleum sulfonates from their oily solutions. The study of the emulsifying cooling lubricating fluids (that consist of sodium petroleum sulfonates which were prepared by using different methods) led to the fact that the stability of such fluids changes notably by changing the sulfonation method.
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IND-P2 WASTE MUD CRAB (SCYLLA SERRATA) SHELL AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST IN PALM OLEIN TRANSESTERIFICATION
1
Peng-Lim Boey, Gaanty Pragas Maniam and Shafida Abd Hamid
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School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
In the present study, the waste mud crab shells were utilized as a source of CaO to catalyzed transesterification of palm olein into methyl esters (biodiesel). Characterization results revealed that CaCO3, which is the main component of the shell, transformed into CaO upon activated thermally above 700 C for 2 h. Parametric studies have been examined and optima l conditions were found to be methanol/oil mass ratio, 0.5:1; catalyst amount, 5 wt. %; reaction temperature, 65 C; and a stirring rate of 500 rpm. The waste catalyst performs equally well as laboratory CaO, thus creating another low -cost heterogeneous catalyst for producing biodiesel. Statistical analysis has been performed using a Central Composite Design to evaluate the contribution and performance of the parameters on biodiesel purity.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia IND-P3
REUTILIZATION AND REGENERATION OF OIL LADEN SPENT BLEACHING CLAY Boey Peng Lim and Shangeetha Ganesan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A study was done to convert the residual oil adsorbed on spent bleaching cla y into biodiesel and subsequently regenerate the recovered clay. Ultrasound aided in-situ transesterification was done to convert the adsorbed residual oil into biodiesel. Petroleum ether was added as a co -solvent in the reaction mixture to enhance the yield of methyl esters. The methyl ester produced was analyzed using gas chromatography and the conversion was found to be 75.2 %. Then, the remaining clay was calcined and FTIR analysis of the calcined clay showed same significant peaks as the fresh bleachin g clay. TGAFTIR analysis showed that regenerated clay has two signatures endothermic weight loss peaks, similar to the thermal decomposition of fresh bleaching clay. Surface area and pore structure analysis showed that the regenerated clay have smaller surface area and bigger average pore diameter compared to the fresh bleaching clay. The regenerated clay was reutilized for bleaching of crude palm oil. The efficiency of the regenerated clay was determined by measuring the carotene content of the bleached o il. Stability test, deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) was done on the oil bleached with regenerated clay and fresh bleaching clay and compared with DOBI of crude palm oil. Results showed that the quality of bleached oil was not affected by the regenerated clay.
IND-P4 TRANSESTERIFICATION OF PALM OLEIN USING RICE HUSK ASH AS A HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST Boey Peng Lim, Gaanty Pragas Maniam and Lingeswarran Muniandy School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Production of methyl esters or commonly known as biodiesel from vegetable oils by transesterification using heterogeneous catalysts has created a wave this past decade as the rush for fossil fuel has become more desperate and expensive. In this study, normal and acid treated rice husk ash were used as heterogeneous catalysts to carry out transesterification of palm olein. The catalyst has been characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Brunner Emmett Teller Surface Scan (BET). Meanwhile, the methyl esters produced were analysed by using Gas Chromatography (GC) analy sis. The manipulative variables studied for this research are the oil/methanol molar ratio, types of catalyst and the weight of catalyst which were used to carry out the transesterification reaction. The optimal conditions for the oil/methanol molar ratio were found to be 1:48 (normal rice husk ash). The optimal condition for the amount of catalyst used was 30 wt. % which produced the yield of 75.2 % of methyl esters.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (INORGANIC)
INO-O1 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME INDOLE SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES
1
Mohamed Mustafa M, Hapipah MA, Mahmood Ameen A
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Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur Department of molecular medicine, Faculty of medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Tryptamine Schiff bases were prepared by the condensation reaction of ethanolic solution of Tryptamine with Salicylaldehyde (TS), 5-Chlorosalicylaldehyde (TCS) and 5-Nitrosalicylaldehyde (TNS). The ligands were coordinated to Cu(II), Ni(II), and Zn(II) by the reaction of metal acetates with the corresponding ligand in a 1 : 2 metal to ligand ratio. The solid products formed was collected, washed with ethanol and recrystallized from DMF. All the ligands and complexes p repared have been 1 13 characterized by spectroscopic methods using IR, H, and C NMR, UV-Vis, and mass spectra. Elemental C H N analysis was carried out, and metal content was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction crystallography was done for the ligand 2-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl) ethyliminiomethyl]-4-nitrophenolate (TNS) and shows that it was exists in the zwitterionic form with the phenol H atom transferred to the imine group. Adjacent zwitterions are linked into a linear chain running along the axis by an indolehydroxy NH- - -O hydrogen bond. For the complex Bis{4 chloro 2 - [2 - (1H-indol-3-yl) ethyliminomethyl] phenolato k2N,O} zinc(II) (TCS)2Zn, the zinc atom is N,Ochelated by two deprotonated Schiff base monoanionic ligands in a tetrahedral coordination geometry. The Zn atom lies on a special position of site symmetry 2. In the case of nickel complex Bis{2 -[2-(1Hindol-3-yl)ethyliminomethyl] phenolato k2N,O} nickel(II) N,N-dimethylformamide disolvate the nickel atom lies on a twofold rotation axis. It is N,O-chelated by the deprotonated Schiff base 2-[2-(1H-indol-3yl)ethyliminomethyl]phenolate ligand in a square-planar coordination environment. The molecule is linked to a solvent molecule by an indoledimethylformamide NH- - -O hydrogen bond. Anti-ulcerogenic activities of the ligands and complexes have been investigated with Cimetidine as a standard drug. The screening was done on high and low doses (60 mg/kg and 30 mg/kg) respectively on six albino SpragueDawley rats which subjected to ulcer induction by absolute ethanol after dosing. The ulcer lesion of the stomachs were identified and counted, and then correlation between the different compound effects has been made. (TS)2Zn complex proved to be more effective in ulcer inh ibition than it's nickel and copper congeners.
INO-O2 THERMAL STABILITY STUDY ON PHENOXO IRON(III) COMPLEXES Ramadan Ali Bawa Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of 7 October, Misurata, Libya, P O Box 875 E-mail: [e-mail] Thermogravimeteric study using TG/DTA technique was carried out on a number of phenoxo iron(III) complexes. Although the complexes were stable at ambient temperature, they were found to be unstable upon heating. The heating was started from room temperature to 600 C.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O3
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH VITAMIN K3-2- HYDRAZINOPYRIDINE: X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF VITAMIN K3-2HYDRAZINOPYRIDINE [VHZP]
1
*M.A. Affan, Dayang Norafizan A. Chee, Fasihuddin Ahmad, Ismail J., Bohari M. Yamin and Ramli Hitam
1
1
1
1
2
3
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebang saan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Six new organotin(IV) complexes were synthesized by direct reaction of RSnCl 3 (R= Me, Bu and Ph) or R2SnCl2 (R= Me, Bu and Ph) and Vitamin K3-2-hydrazinopyridine (Vit.K3-HzP) (1) in Schlenk round bottom flask under nitrogen atmosphere. All organotin(IV) complexes ( 2-7) have been characterized by 1 elemental analyses, molar conductivity, UV-Visible, IR and H NMR spectral studies. The organotin(IV) complexes (2-7) are non-electrolytic in nature. The crystal structure of ligand (1) has also been determined by X-ray crystallography diffraction analyses. The ligand (1) and its organotin(IV) complexes (2-7) have also been tested for their toxicity and anti -termitic potential and found to be moderately active against Artemia salina and Captotermes sp.
INO-O4 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF HYDROTHERMALLY DERIVED COBALT ORTHOTITANATE GREEN PIGMENT Natthawat Semakul and Apinpus Rujiwatra Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand E-mail: [e-mail] Green cobalt orthotitanate pigment was prepared from the reactions between commercially available Co(NO3)2.6H2O and TiO2 under hydrothermal conditions at 180 - 220 C for 1 - 5 days. The influences of synthetic conditions i.e. sodium hydroxide concentration, hydrothermal temperature and time on the yielded pigment powders were discussed. It is apparent that the concentration of sodium hydroxide mineralizer significantly imparts on phase purity and morphology of the pigment, whereas the reaction temperature and time affects the growth of particle and therefore particle sizes. The pigment exhibits dark yellow green color in CIE L*a*b* system, high reflectance in the near -IR region, and paramagnetic behavior at room temperature. In addition, Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy of pigment was studied.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O5
23rd-25th June 2010
MICROWAVE-ASSISTED AMMONOTHERMAL PREPARATION OF CHROMIUM-DOPED ZIRCON PIGMENTS Sireenart Surinwong and Apinpus Rujiwatra Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand E-mail: [e-mail] Green Cr-doped zircon nano-pigments were prepared via the microwave-assisted ammonothermal technique. The influences of various synthetic conditions e.g. type of Si-sources, mineralizers, microwave power and reaction time on the obtained powders were studied and discussed. It has be en revealed that the use of silica as Si-sources and the addition of sodium hydroxide mineralizer play important roles in the formation of zircon framework, and the higher microwave power helps reducing the effective reaction time. Local coordination geometry of the doping Cr were studied using Fouriertransform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, while the X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to elucidate the valence state of the doping metal.
INO-O6 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCT IONAL IONIC LIQUIDS: [Cu2(RCOO)3(pH3NC6H4COO)](RCOO) Ahmad Nazeer Che Mat and Norbani Abdullah Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Ionic liquids based on coordination metals are stable functional materials with potential applications in the fields of liquid catalysis, low-temperature spintronics and photonics. This paper reports the synthesis and characterization of [Cu2(RCOO)3(p-H3NC6H4COO)](RCOO) obtained from metathesis reactions of p-H2NC6H4COOH with [Cu2(RCOO)4] where R = CH3(CH2)14COO, CH3(CH2)7CH(C6H13)COO and p-CH3(CH2)6OC6H4COO. The main objective is to study the effect of linear and branched saturated fatty acids on the properties of these copper(II) mixed -carboxylates. The chemical formulas of these complexes were deduced from elemental analyses, their structures were inferred from FTIR and UV -VisNIR spectroscopies, and their thermal properties were determined by TGA and DSC. The magnetic and electrochemical properties of these complexes were also determined.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O7
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING ACTIVITY OF ORGANOTIN(IV) CARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM 3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)BENZOIC ACID
1,2
Foo-Win Yip, Siang-Guan Teoh, Hoong-Kun Fun, Tengku-Sifzizul Tengku-Muhammad, Pazilah 1 Ibrahim and Sie-Tiong Ha
2
3
4
5
Univerisiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Faculty of Science, Perak Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia 2 School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 Department of Biological Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia 5 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Organotin(IV) carboxylate complexes derivative of 3 -(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, 3-[N(CH3)2]C6H4COOH have been successfully synthesized. Two ty pes of diorganotin(IV) complexes [{3[N(CH3)2]C6H4COO(R)2Sn}2O]2 dimer (R= methyl 1, butyl 3) and {3-[N(CH3)2]C6H4COO}2(C4H9)2Sn, 2 as well as 3-[N(CH3)2]C6H4COO(C6H5)3Sn, 4 were successfully synthesized and obtained in solid state. The acid and complexes 1 4 obtained were characterized quantitatively using C, H, N and Sn elemental analysis 1 13 1 13 as well as spectroscopic methods such as infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( H, C, H- C 119 HMQC & Sn NMR). Results of the infrared spectroscopy showed that the coordination took place via oxygen atoms from the carboxylate anions. This indicated that the carboxylate anion acts as monodentate ligand in complexes 2 and 4. However, for distannoxane dimer (complexes 1 and 3), the 119 carboxylate anions are found to exhibit monodentate and bidentate manner. In Sn NMR solution study, the tin atoms of complexes 1 3 were five-coordinated and four-coordinated in complex 4. From 119 the Sn NMR, the tin atom of complex 2 was five-coordinated, this might be upon dilution, the crystal lattice were broken up resulting the carboxylate anions assembly self -arrangement. Hence, one of the carboxylate anions was located close to the tin atoms and exhibited bidentate chelatation while the other carboxylate anion exhibited monodentate chelation in complex 2. In addition, complexes 1 4 obtained were screened for their biological activity including cytotoxicity and antibacterial. Generally, complexes 1 4 obtained possessed promising biological screening activity compared to the parent acid.
1
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O8
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC BEHAVIOUR OF TUNGSTEN CONTAINING SILICA FROM RICE HUSK IN THE LIQUID PHASE OXIDATION OF STYRENE Anwar Iqbal and Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Tungsten containing mesoporous silica has been synthesized at room temperature in basic, neutral and acidic medium via sol-gel method. The silica precursor was extracted using solvent extraction from rice husk. The catalysts were characterized by means of N 2 sorption studies, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, DRUV Vis, Raman FT-IR and AAS. XRD analysis indicates the increase in catalysts crystallinity when the incorporation was carried out in acidic medium. The catalytic activity was tested in the liquid phase oxidation of styrene using environmentally benign hydrogen peroxide. Highest styrene conversion was achieved when the reaction was carried out using the catalyst prepared in acidic m edium and benzaldehyde was obtained as the main product. No tungsten species leached out into the solution, enabling the catalyst to be reused several times without losing their catalytic efficiency.
INO-O9 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES WITH 2-HYDROXY-1NAPHTHALDEHYDE-4-HYDROXYBENZHYDRAZONE LIGAND. CRYSTAL X-RAY STRUCTURE OF [Bu2Sn (HNHBH)] Norrihan Sam, M.A. Affan and Fasihuddin Ahmad Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-4-hydroxybenzhydrazone ligand (HNHBH) (1) was derived from the condensation reaction of 4-hydroxybenzhydrazide with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde. Six new organotin(IV) complexes with general formula RSnCl3 (R= Me, Bu and Ph) and R2SnCl2 (R= Me, Bu and Ph) have been synthesized by direct reaction of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-4-hydroxybenzhydrazone (HNHBH) (1), base and organotin(IV) chloride(s) in absolute methanol under nit rogen atmosphere. All organotin(IV) complexes (2-7) were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, UV -Vis, FT1 IR and H NMR spectral studies. Among them, dibutyltin(IV) complex ( 4) has been characterized by X ray crystallography diffraction analyses. Single crystal suitable for X-ray analyses was obtained from single solvent diethylether solution at room temperature.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O10
KINETICS, MECHANISM, AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF RHENIUM-CATALYZED SULFUR AND OXYGEN ATOM TRANSFER REACTIONS Abdellatif Ibdah, William S. Jenks, and James H. Espenson Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, P.O. Box 1948 Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] The oxorhenium(V) dimer {MeReO(mtp)}2 catalyzes sulfur atom transfer from thiiranes to triarylphosphines according to the rate law, v = k[Thiirane][Re]. The rate constant is independent of -1 -1 arsine concentration and has the values 5.58 0.08 L mol s at 25.0 C in CDCl3 for cyclohexene sulfide and 2 for propylene sulfide. Arsine enters the catalytic cycle at a later stage, undergoing a more rapid VII reaction with the Re (O)(S) intermediate. That step, studied by competition methods, is characterized by a Hammett reaction constant of = 3.0. Although no thermodynamic selectivity for arsine attack at O or S of the intermediate was found, computational results show a large kinetic selectivity in favor of -1 Ar3AsS formation; the values of H for attack at Re=O vs. Re=S are 17.8 and 1.1 kcal mol . Triarylphosphines are much less effective catalysts because they convert the dimer catalyst to [MeReO(edt)(PAr3], which reacts sluggishly.
INO-O11 THE IMPORTANCE OF TRIBOCHEMICAL REACTIONS IN COMPLEX SYNTHESIS AND ITS DANGEROUS IN IR SPECTRA
1
M. M. Mostafa and S.M. Al-Ashqar
2
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, EGYPT Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al -Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail]
+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 3+
1
Novel metal complexes derived from Cu , Cu , Pd , Pt , Ru , Co and Co ions have been synthesized using tribochemical reactions. The isolated solid complexes have been characteri zed using conventional 1 chemical and spectral techniques (UV, IR, H-NMR, mass). The geometries of the isolated solid complexes are determined using spectral and magnetic studies. The aim of this work is to develop new techniques for synthesis of metal complexes using a cheap method and to avoid pollution. Also, one of our goals is to synthesize new metal complexes which cannot be prepared by the conventional chemical methods. Moreover, this type of synthesis is considered as a type of green chemistry. Finally, the importance of this type of reaction is to avoid the solid interactions between the chemical co mpounds with KBr during the measurements of IR spectra. Recently, we published several papers concerning the synthesis of metal complexes by tribochemistry involving Cu(I), Cu(II), Co(II), Co(III), Pd(II), Pt(II), Pt(IV) and Ru(III) ions. We used alkali halides (KBr and KI) for the synthesis of novel metal complexes. On using alkali halides in synthesis of metal complexes help in substitution of chloride by bromide and/or iodide followed by reduction in case of Cu(II) or oxidation in case of Co(II). This study suggests the dangerous of using KBr as a mulling agent in IR spectroscopy.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O12
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS, SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME IMIDAZOLIUM SALTS Abbas Washeel Salman, Rosenani A. Haque and Teoh Siang Guan School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] New imidazolium salts were synthesized by the reaction of m, p-bis(bromomethyl) benzene, 1,3bis(bromomethyl)toluene and 1,3-bis(bromomethyl)mesitylene with 1-methylimidazole and 1butylimidazole. The halide salts was converted to corresponding hexafluorophosphate salts by 1 13 metathesis reaction, and then characterized by elemental analysis CHN, H, C NMR and X-ray 1 13 crystallography for two of the prepared compounds. H and C NMR displayed the expected spectra. The structural studies were shown that the hexauorophosphate anions link the cations into a three dimensional network via intermolecular CHF hydrogen bonds.
INO-O13 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM SUBSTITUTED DITHIOCARBAZATES Shatila Hazwani Rahim, *Karen A. Crouse and M.Ibrahim M.Tahir Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selang or, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Four different dithiocarbazates, S-benzyldithiocarbazate, S2-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate, S3methylbenzyldithiocarbazate and S4-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate have been prepared and were reacted with 2-pentanone and 3-pentanone to give new bidentate NS Schiff bases. The complexes of general formula, [M(NS)2] [(HNS = substituted dithiocarbazate Schiff bases, and M= Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)] were prepared by reacting these metal salts with the synthesized Schiff bases in an ethanol/acetonitrile mixture. All compounds were characterized using standard physico -chemical and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic structural analysis of S-4-methylbenzyl-2-(pentan-3ylidene) hydrazine carbodithioate (S4MB3PT) and S-2-methylbenzyl-2-(pentan-3-ylidene) hydrazinecarbodithioate (S2MB3PT) confirmed that these Schiff bases exist in the thione form in a monoclinic and triclinic system respectively. The Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes of S2MB3PT confirmed that they possess four-coordinate distorted square planar and tetrahedral geometries respectively whereas the Cu(II) complex derived from the S2MB2PT was centrosymmetric with a square -planar geometry. The Ni(II) complexes derived from S-benzyl-2-(pentan-n-ylidene) hydrazine carbodithioate (NiSB2PT and NiSB3PT) also possessed square planar geometries. The crystal structure analyses showed that the central metal ions were coordinated to the Schiff bases via the azomethine nitrogen and the thiolate sulphur. Assignments of the geometries for the remaining complexes are supported by magnetic and spectral evidence. Biological studies are being assessed for further investigation on structure -activity relationship.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O14 IRON(II) SPIN-CROSSOVER IN BENZOTRIAZOL DERIVED LIGAND
1
WMM Al-Samsi, MRA Al-Mandhary, A Gismelseed, Al-Omari and NK Al-Rasbi
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al -Khod 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman 2 Department of Physics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Al Kho d 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: [e-mail] A novel mononuclear iron(II) complex [(Fe(L) 3(NCS)2)]L where L = 1-pyridine-2-yl-benzotriazole has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, magnetic susceptibility measurements, Mssbauer spectroscopy and various other spectroscopic methods. The crystal structure of the complex at 100 K indicates a pseudo-octahedral geometry with two ligands adopting mono-dentate mode via the benzotriazole units in trans-position while the third ligand is chelating, and the NCS groups are in cisposition. The fourth ligand is not coordinated to the metal but is - stacked to two mono-dentate ligands of different coordination spheres. The Fe-N bond lengths range from 2.011(4) 2.120(3) indicating that the complex has a high-spin state at 100 K. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data confirms that the complex is predominantly in the high -spin state at 100 K and undergoes a fairly abrupt high-spin to low-spin conversion with T at around 94 K. The Mssbauer data at 295 and 78 K confirm that the complex undergoes spin-crossover. The absorption spectrum of the complex in MeCN 5 5 at 298 K shows a weak absorption at 499 nm, assigned to T2g Eg transition of an S = 2 Fe(II) ion in octahedral symmetry.
1
INO-O15 ANTIMICROBIAL INVESTIGATION OF SCHIFF BASES DERIVED FROM 2,6-DIAMINOPYRIDINE AND THEIR NOVEL METAL COMPLEXES MF Fatimatuzzahraa, B Hadariah and K Karimah
1
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Three Schiff bases (L1:C19H15N3O2, L2:C19H21N3O7 and L3:C21H19N3O6) derived from 2,6-diaminopyridine with salicylaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and o-vanilin, respectively, were successfully synthesized and characterized. Six novel metal complexes of these ligands with Zn(II) and Cd(II) namely ZnL1, ZnL2, ZnL3, CdL1, CdL2 and CdL3 were obtained and the chemical structures were investigated by 1 means of elemental analysis, FTIR, H NMR spectroscopy, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All the complexes were diamagnetic, displayed (C=N) bands in the range 1595.97 -1 1620.21 cm and non-electrolytic in solution. The inhibition ability on bacterial growth was investigated on two types of bacteria namely salmonella typhimurium (gram negative) and basillus subtilis (gram positive).
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-16
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY STUDY OF NEW MANNICH AND SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS DERIVED FROM ISATIN AND 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZOLE AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES A.J. Abdulghani and N.M. Alabidy University of Baghdad, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Jaderya, Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: [e-mail] Two new Mannich and Schiff base ligands namely: (1-(3-aminomethyl-1(H)-1,2,4-triazole)-3(1(H)1,2.4-triazole-3-yl)iminoisatin (LI) and 1-morpholinomethyl-3-(1(H)-1,2,4-triazolyl)iminoisatin (LII) were prepared by condensation reaction of the new Schiff base 3 -(1(H)-1,2,4-triazole-3yl)iminoisatin (SBH) (0.01 mole) with formaldehyde and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-At) or morpholine respectively (0.01 mole each) .Structures were characterized by H NMR, CHN analyses, mass spectra and IR spectra. Metal complexes were synthesized by heating each ligand (0.02 mole) with metal salts of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Pd(II), Cd(II), Pt(IV), and Ir(III) ions (0.01 mole) in ethanol or ethanol/acetone mixture (1:1 v/v).The following formula of LI complexes were obtained: [Mn2(LI)3Cl2].2H2O; [CoLICl2].H2O; [Ni(LI)2]Cl2.H2O; [Cu2(LI)2(H2O)2]Cl2.2H2O; [ZnLICl]Cl.0.5C2H5OH; [IrLICl2]Cl; [PtLICl2]Cl2.H2O; and [Cd(LI)2(OAc)2].2H2O (C1-C8). Complexes of LII gave the formula: [Mn(LII)2]Cl2.2H2O; CoLII(NO3)]NO3.0.5H2O; [NiLII(NO3)2]0.5C2H5OH; [Cu2(LII)Cl2(H2O)2]2Cl2; Zn(LII)2OAc]OAc.0.5H2O; [PdLIICl]Cl.0.5C2H5OH; [PtLII]Cl4.1.5H2O(C9-C15). Structures of complexes were elucidated depending on CHN analysis, thermal analyses, atomic absorption spectroscopy, IR, UV -visible spectra, magnetic moments and conductivity measurements. All complexes were of octahedral geometry except the Palladium(II) complexes as they acquired square planar geometry. The two ligands and some selected metal complexes showed various antibacterial and cytotoxic ac tivities.
INO-O17 SYNTHESIS AND FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF COPPER (II) COMPLEXES OF ALKYL AND ARYL PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES
1
Edura Badaruddin, Zaharah Aiyub and Zanariah Abdullah
2
2
1
Chemistry Division, Centre for Foundation Studies In Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
2-Chloropyrimidine, which was obtained commercially, was used as the precursor for the preparation of 2-N-ethylaminopyrimidine and 2-N-anilinopyrimidine. The ligands were then used as specific binder towards copper (II) metal ion in a 1:2 ratio (metal:ligand) to give their respective complexes. The structures of the ligands and complexes were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Fluorescence studies of the ligands and their copper(II) complexes were carried out using methanol as the solvent. In general, metal ions are able to quench the fluorescence of organic ligands. The complexes each exh ibit characteristics fluorescence, with 2-N-ethylaminopyrimidine showed a high relative intensity compared to 2-N-anilinopyrimidine complex.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-O18
ENCAPSULATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN MESOPOROUS METHYL-SILICA HYBRID BY SOL-GEL PROCESS
1
Sriyanti, Eko Sri Kunarti and Narsito
2
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia 50275 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] In recent years, the sol-gel technique has attracted increasing interest as a unique approach to immobilize biomolecules for bioanalitical applications as well as biochemical and biophysical studies. In this research, encapsulation of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) enzyme in mesoporous methyl -silica hybrid by sol-gel process has been carried out. Mesoporous methyl -silica hybrid has been synthesis by using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) as precursor and poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) as a polymer dopant. The preparation of methyl -silica hybrid was carried out at various mol ratios of precursors and PEG concentration. Encapsulation was emphasized by mixing sol solution and tris -HCl buffer containing ALP. The Surface Area Analyzer analysis data showed that the pore diameter and surface area of methyl-silica hybrid tended to increase as the PEG dopant concentration increases. Result showed that ALP encapsulated in the methyl-silica hybrids with PEG dopant gave enzymatic activity as 0.112 U/mg enzyme, higher than ALP encapsulated in copolymerization of TEOS with MTES or in silica from TEOS precursor only (0.098 U/mg enzyme and 0.069 U/mg enzyme, respectively). It was shown that copolymerizatio n of TEOS with organosilane precursor and the entrapment of polymer additives into sol-gel processed materials are useful methods for modifying the internal environment and hence the activity of biomolecules entrapped in sol-gel derived biomaterials.
1
POSTER PRESENTATION (INORGANIC)
INO-P1 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NEW SCHIFF BASES AND THEIR METAL COMPLEXES OF SOME BENZOYLHYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES Nura Suleiman Gwaram, Hapipah Mohd Ali and Ward T. Robinson Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] New Schiff-bases ligands of hydrazones derivatives 3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-N-(1-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy phenyl)ethylidene)benzohydrazide, 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoic acid [1-(pyridyl)-ethylidene]hydrazide, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoic acid[1-(4-acetyl-ptridin-2-yl)-ethylidene]-hydrazide, (E)-N-(1-(5-bromo/chloro2-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene) -3,4,5-trihydroxy benzohydrazide and (E)-N- (1-(chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene)-3,4,5- trihydroxy benzohydrazide and their respective complexes of Cd(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were synthesized and characterized. The ligands are derived from the condensation reaction of gallic hydrazide (derived from reactions of 3, 4, 5trihydroxy benzoate and hydrazine hydroxide as the starting material) with acetophenone derivatives and pyridyl ketones. Both the Schiff -base ligands and their respective complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis of vari ous spectroscopic 1 methods (FT-IR, H-NMR, UV-Visible) and X-Ray diffraction method was used to confirm their structures.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P2
23rd-25th June 2010
PREPARATION AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DIORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES OF N -PHENYL-MMETHOXYBENZOHYDROXAMIC ACID
1,2
Abdualbasit Graisa,
1,3
Yang Farina, Emad Yousif and Elhadi E Saad
3
4
1
School of Chemical Science & Food Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2 Higher Institute of Medical Technology, Misurata, Libya 3 Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq 4 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Sebha, Libya E-mail: [e-mail]
New diorganotin(IV) complexes of the type Ph2SnL2, Bu2SnL2 and Me2SnL2 of the ligand N-phenyl-mmethoxybenzohydroxamic acid. Ligand formed by condensation reaction of 3-methoxybenzoyl chloride with N- phenyl hydroxylamine in presence of sodium hydrogen carbonate as a catalyst. The prepared complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, conductance measurements and nuclear 1 13 magnetic resonance ( H NMR and C NMR) spectral data. From the spectral measurements, monomer structures for the complexes were proposed. Bidentate and Octahedral geometry was proposed for the complexes prepared.
INO-P3 CYTOTOXICITY OF INDOLE SCHIFF BASE AND THEIR COPPER(II) AND NICKEL(II) COMPLEXES SJ Nazzatush, MA Hapipah, AA Mahmood, W Zin-Hua and AK Habsah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mala ya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Schiff base compounds are known for their excellent bioactivities and are widely used in m ost pharmaceutical lines. While indole is one of the most abundant alkaloid present naturally in most plants and it also serves as good therapeutic agents in either physiological or pharmacological field. In this study, we synthesized indole hydrazone derivatives and their complexes and evaluated their cytotoxicity effect. Before any test could be carried out, the compounds were characterized carefully since molecular structures are important in determining the efficacies of each compound on the particular bioactivity. Cytotoxicity tests were carried out on several cancer cell lines such as HCT 116, MDA -MB435, KB and MCF-7. Some compound especially compounds containing chlorine and bromine were found to be effective as anti-cancer agents at a concentration less than 20 g/mL. Acute toxicity test had been carried out in vivo and it showed no sign of mortality within 24 hours. Further observation was done and the mice were found to be alive and active.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P4
COORDINATION BEHAVIOUR OF ACETYLACETONE-DERIVED SCHIFF BASES TOWARDS RHENIUM(I), RHENIUM(III) AND RHENIUM(V)
1
Abubakr Abrahams, Thomas I.A. Gerber, Peter Mayer and Nonzaliseko C. Yumata
1
2
1
1
Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 77000, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa 2 Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, D-81377 Mnchen, Germany E-mail: [e-mail]
There is currently considerable interest in the coordination chemistry of rhenium, mainly because of the 186/188 potential applications of its Re radionuclides in radiotherapy. The main focus is on the +I, +III and +V oxidation states of the metal, since they are easily obtained from the reduction of perrhenate and are stabilized by a large variety of ligands. Schiff base comple xes of rhenium(I), (III) and (V) have been well studied, and several comprehensive reports have appeared in the litera ture during the last 30 years. Most of the ligands were of the {(hydroxy/mercapto)phenyl}salicylideneimine type, and a few were synthesized from acetylacetone derivatives and amines. We have studied the reactions and product formation of the tridentate Schiff bases 6 -amino-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4-azahept-2-ene-1-one (Hamp), obtained from the condensation of 1-benzoylacetone and 1,2-diaminopropane, and 7-amino4,7-dimethyl-5-aza-3-octen-2-one (Hada), from 2,4-pentanedione and 1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane, with trans-[ReOCl3(PPh3)2], trans-[ReCl3(MeCN)(PPh3)2] and [Re(CO)5Br]. The syntheses, characterization and X-ray crystal structures of (-O)[ReOCl(amp)]2, cis-[ReCl2(bat)(PPh3)2] (bat=1-benzoylacetone) and [Re(CO)3Br(Hada)] will be reported and discussed.
R1 O R1 O
NH H3C R2
NH2 H3C CH3
N
N H2
R2
CH3
(a)
(b)
R1 OH
N H3C R2
NH2
CH3
(c) R1 R2 C6H5 H Hamp CH3 CH3 H ada
Scheme 1 Schematic representation and tautomerization of the ligands.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P5
23rd-25th June 2010
SPECTRAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF CADMIUM(II) AND PALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES OF 2 ACETYLBENZOTHIOPHENE 4-METHYL-3 THIOSEMICARBAZONE
1
Safaa Faris Kayed, Yang Farina, Ibrahim Baba and Nazlina Ibrahim
1
1
2
School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technol ogy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The study of transition metal complexes of thiosemicarbazones is of great interest due to their potential therapeutic activities, such as antitumoral, antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral. Cadmium and palladium complexes of 2-acetylbenzothiophene 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone have been prepared. Characterization and structure elucidation of the complexes was achieved by elemental analysis (C, H, N 13 and S), IR, H-NMR, C-NMR (in the case of Pd(II) complex), UV and molar conductance. The results indicate the formation of 1:2 metal to ligand complexes with empirical formula [Cd(BTMTS) 2] and [Pd(HBTMTS)2Cl2], (HBTMTS = thione form of the 2-acetylbenzothiophene 4-methyl-3thiosemicarbazone ligand; BTMTS = thiol form of the ligand). The cadmium complex is four coordinated and is proposed to have tetrahedral geometry. On the other hand, palladium complex is six coordinated and is proposed to have octahedral geometry, where the ligand behaves as a bidentate N, S chelating agent. In vitro antimicrobial studies showed that the [Cd(BTMTS)2] complex had a strong inhibitory action, as compared to Tobramycin, against G(+) Bacillus subtilis and G(+) Staphylococcus aureus. The [Pd(HBTMTS)2Cl2] complex however, showed weak inhibitory action. The cadmium complex showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Candida parapsilosis. The antifungal activity of the cadmium complex was even better than commercially available Nystatin. The palladium complex did not inhibit the growth of the tested fungi.
1
INO-P6 ANALYSIS OF HETEROCYCLIC TETRAORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMAMASS SPECTROMETRY Quai Ling Yap and K.M. Lo Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was commercially introduced in 1983 and being used widely over the years. This is due to its better detections compare to an elemental analysis technique like atomic absorption, mass spectrometer until part per trillion levels. Its application is more to analysis in field like drinking water, wastewater, hydrogeology, and geology and soil science like detection in rare - earth elements. Direct comparison between GC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS in determination of tributhyltin (TBT) in sediment showed that GC -ICP-MS offers a greater sensitivity in detection limit. Therefore, a series of thienyl tetraorganotin compounds such as tetrakis(2thienyl)tin(IV), tetrakis(5-methyl-2-thienyl)tin(IV), tetrakis(4-methyl-2-thienyl)tin(IV), triphenyl(2thienyl)tin and their homolog series were prepared and analyzed by using GC-ICP-MS technique so as to extend the analysis to other types of organotin compounds.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P7
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF NEW COPPER(II) COMPLEXES WITH 1,4,8,11TETRAAZACYCLOTETRADECANE AND ISOMERIC C15H31COO LIGANDS Nur Syamimi Ahmad Tajidi, Norbani Abdullah, Zainudin Arifin and Edward R.T. Tiekink Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur E-mail: [e-mail] Two new mononuclear isomeric copper(II) complexes, namely (1,4,8,11 tetraazacyclotetradecane)bis(hexadecanoato)copper(II) (1) and (1,4,8,11tetraazacyclotetradecane)bis(2-hexyldecanoato)copper(II) (2) were obtained in a facile synthesis from the reaction of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane and tetrakis(hexadecanoato)dicopper(II) ([Cu2(CH3(CH2)14COO)4]) and tetrakis(2-hexyldecanoato)dicopper(II) ([Cu 2(CH3(CH2)7CH[(CH2)5CH3]COO)4]) respectively. The isomers have distinctly different physical properties: the linear isomer is a purple single crystal while the branched isomer is an intense purple viscous liquid. TGA and DSC indicate that both complexes are thermally stable up to about 300 C. Single crystal X-ray crystallography shows that 1 is ionic, while the C,H,N elemental analyses for 2 indicates the complex is solvated by five ethanol molecules, which agrees with the TGA result. The UV-vis spectroscopy shows a symmetrical broad d-d band at 550 nm (1) and 556 nm (2), suggesting a strongly coordinated square planar geometry at Cu(II). Cyclic voltammetry in the range -1.5 to +1.5V indicates that 1 is not reduced to Cu(I), but instead undergoes two irreversible oxidation processes at +0.63V and +0.93V. Under the same conditions, 2 is neither reduced nor oxidized.
INO-P8 SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF ZINC(II) AND COPPER(II) METAL COMPLEXES OF SOME BENZOYL HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES S Siti Munirah and M A Hapipah Chemistry Department, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Schiff base ligands can be coordinated with many different metals and stable in various states of oxidation. Over the years, attention has been given to the chemistry of metal complexes of Schiff ba ses containing nitrogen and other donors may be due to their stability and biological activities. In this study, a series of Schiff base ligands were prepared by reacting 3,5 -dihyroxybenzohydrazide with substituted salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The zinc and copper complexes were subsequently prepared by reacting the ligands with metal acetate or dichloride in 2:1 molar ratio. All ligands, and complexes were characterized using IR, NMR, UV spectroscopy, and TGA while the X -ray structures of some compounds have been determined using single crystal X-ray diffractometry.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P9
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS, REACTIONS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF SOME TRIORGANOTIN CARBOXYLATE WITH BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES Thong Pui Yee and Lo Kong Mun Chemistry Department, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The synthesis of triorganotin carboxylates with the general formula of R 3SnOCOCH=CHC6H5-Z-p where R= Bu, Cyh, Bz; Z = -H, -CH3, -OCH3, -NO2, -Cl were synthesized. These organotin carboxylates were then reacted with brominating agents such as bromine, 4,4-dimethylaminopyridinium tribromide and Nbromosuccinimide. In general the bromination led to the cleavage of the Sn -O bond and the addition of bromide substituent at the C=C bond of the cinnamates. The products isolated are the carboxylic acids with the general formula HOOCCH(X)CH(Y)C6H5-Z-p where X= Br, -OCH3; Y= Br; Z = -H, -CH3, -OCH3. In + one case, the ionic compound [p-ClC6H5CHBrCHBrCOO] [(CH3)2NC5H4NH] was obtained. The triorganotin 1 carboxylates and their bromination products were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The X-ray structures of five of the compounds namely, bis(4,4-dimethylaminopyridinium) 2,3-dibromo-3-(p-chlorophenyl)propionate bromide, tributyltin pchlorocinnamate, tricyclohexyltin cinnamate, tricyclohexyltin 2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropionate and tribenzyltin p-nitrocinnamate were also determined by X-ray crystallography. In addition, ten selected triorganotin carboxylate C4 - C10, C14, P4 - P6 against human leukemia HL60 cells were investigated and compared with cisplatin. Generally, the triorganotin carboxylates exhibit strong cytotoxic activities in these preliminary studies.
INO-P10 SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF SOME SUBSTITUTED BENZYLTIN COMPLEXES Thy Chun Keng and Lo Kong Mun Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail:[e-mail] Tri- and diorganotin compounds are generally prepared by the redistribution reaction between a tetraorganotin and stannic chloride in molar ratio of 3:1 and 1:1, respectively. In this project, some substituted benzyltin compounds namely dibenzyltin dichloride, di( p-methylbenzyl)tin dichloride, di(pfluorobenzyl)tin dichloride, di(o-chlorobenzyl)tin dichloride and di(p-bromobenzyl)tin dibromide were synthesized by the direct synthesis method using substituted benzyl chloride and tin powder in toluene. These substituted benzyltin dichloride were subsequently reacted with several ligands such as triphenylphosphine oxide, pyrazole, benzyl sulfoxide, 1 ,10-phenanthroline, 8-hydroxyquinaldine, 8hydroxyquinoline, 4,4-bipyridine, 2,2-bipyridine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine and dibenzoylmethane. The complexes were characterized by using IR spectroscopic technique and in the case of crystalline complexes, single crystal X-ray diffractometric technique was used to obtain their molecular structures.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P11 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF (E)-1-((2-AMINO-5NITROPHENYLIMINIO)METHYLNAPHTHALEN-2-OLATE Abeer Mohamed Farag, Siang Guan Teoh and Hasnah Osman
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Schiff bases have received much attention because of their potential applications in various pharmacological activities, as noted by their anticancer, anti -HIV, antibacterial and antifungal properties. In addition, some of them may be used as analytical reagents for the dete rmination of trace elements. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of (E) -1-((2-amino-51 nitrophenyliminio)methylnaphthalene-2-olate. This ligand was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, H 13 and C NMR, and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The single crystal XRD result show that the compound is zwitterionic and exists in a trans configuration about the C=N bond.
INO-P12 SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF OXIDOVANADIUM(IV) AND OXIDOVANADIUM(V) COMPLEXES Wong Hon Wee and Lo Kong Mun Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Six new oxyvanadium(V) complexes were prepared from the reactions of vanadyl sulfate with Schiff base ligands derived from substituted pyruvic acid and substituted benzoic acid hydrazide [X CH2(COOH)C=NNHCOC6H4Y, X = H, CH3; Y = H, Cl, Br, NO2 and NH3]. The resulting vanadium(V) complexes were obtained as a resulting of oxidation of the oxovanadium(IV) ion. The complexes were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The molecular structures of the complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The vanadium(V) atom in the resulting complexes were found to be N,Ochelated by the benzohydrazidate anion a nd O,N,O-chelated by the 2-(benzoylhydrazono)propionate dianion. The distorted octahedral trans-N2O4 coordination geometry is completed by the vanadyl O atom. The molecules are linked by N-HO hydrogen bonds forming a supramolecular chain structure. On the hand, a dimeric octahedral oxovanad ium(V) complex was formed from the direct reaction of vanadyl acetylacetonate with substituted benzoic acid hydrazide.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P13
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIDENTATE AZOMETHINE SERIES AND THEIR Cu(II) AND Ni(II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM GUANIDINE N Nurdini, B Hadariah, K Karimah and MZ Mazatulikhma Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of azomethine compounds of guanidine compound as ligands H 2L1:C15H13N3O4 and H2L2:C17H17N3O4 were synthesized from 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone. The metals selected for the preparation of complexes were Cu( II) and Ni(II) namely CuL1, CuL2, NiL1 and NiL2. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), CHN 1 elemental analysis, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( H NMR), X- Ray crystallography and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The shifted of all complexes was compared to the (C=N) bands of ligand -2 -2 H2L1 at 1639.84 cm and H2L2 at 1632.50 cm . The magnetic properties shown that copper(II) complexes were diamagnetic while nickel(II) complexes were paramagnetic and non-electrolytic in solution. An investigation for cytotoxicity assay was tested by using cancer cell namely neuroblastoma cells. The obtained results were compared to the normal cells and also the results reported by Brzozowski et al., (2007).
INO-P14 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LUMINESCENT LANTHANIDE COMPLEXES WITH BENZOIC ACID AND 1,10-PHENANTHROLINE Ping Howe Ooi and Siang Guan Teoh School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Lanthanide complexes are widely used in biomedical field, sensing areas, lighting devices and optical imaging because they exhibit intense luminescence due to their narrow emission bands. In order to create high luminescence complexes, ligands which chelate to the lanthanide atoms should be able to protect lanthanide ions from solvent molecules and absorb energy to transfer them efficiently to the central metal atom. Rare-earth metals with benzoic acid and some of the derivatives or with mixed ligands have drawn great attention due to the various crystal structures and unique properties. Benzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline with their rare earth complexes (Ln = Nd, Eu, Tb) were synthesized through reflux and hydrothermal processes. The complexes were characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy. FTIR shows all the bands shifts indicating that carbonyl, ether oxygen atom and phenanthroline nitrogen atoms take part in coordination. X-ray diffraction shows all the complex crystals adopt triclinic crystal system with P -1 space group. The crystals have very compact structures and they have a nine coordination environment. The crystal data obtained from these complexes are slight ly different from the others due to the lanthanide contraction. Among these complexes, Eu(lll) complex and Tb(lll) complex exhibit high photoluminescence emission.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P15
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND OXIDATIVE DNA CLEAVAGE STUD Y OF MIXED LIGAND COPPER(II) COMPLEX WITH HETEROCYCLIC BASE Yi Han Tan, and *Siang Guan Teoh School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A ternary copper(II) complex, [Cu(phen)(DL-Thr)(H2O)]Cl2(H2O) (phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline, DL-Thr = DL-Threonine), has been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The complex is structurally characterized by X-ray crystallographic methods. The asymmetric unit of the compound crystallized in a triclinic system with space group P1, a = 7.1972(1) , b = 11.9785(2) , c = 12.2915(2) , = 65.664(1), = 78.079(1), and = 81.345(1) and comprised of one Cu(II) complex cation, one chlorine anion and two water molecules. The complex shows th e presence of distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry in which the Cu(II) ion is coordinated by one bidentate phenanthroline ligand, one O, N bidentate DL-threoninato anion and one apical water molecule. The DNA cleavage activity of the complex has also been studied by gel electrophoresis experiment using pBR322 circular plasmid DNA in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
INO-P16 COPPER COORDINATION EFFECT ON FLUORESCENCE OF 2 -N-(M-METHYL)ANILINOPYRIDINE Mohd Fairuz Zainal Abidin, Zaharah Aiyub and Zanariah Abdullah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] 2-(3-methyl)anilinopyridine were synthesized using 2 -chloropyridine with and 3-methylaniline 1 13 respectively. The structure of these compounds was confirmed using H- NMR, C- NMR, IR, and GC-MS. Metal complexes of these ligand were obtained when reacted with selected transition metal and confirmed using IR, CHN Analyzer and X-Ray difractormeter. Fluorescence properties of these compounds were studied with fluorescence technique. The metal complex of this compound shows lower fluorescence intensity compared to its ligand.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P17
23rd-25th June 2010
HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESES, THERMAL AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF THR EE NOVEL ERBIUM DICARBOXYLATE COMPLEXES Sharifah Zati Hanani Syed Zuber and *Rohana Adnan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The reaction between erbium salt, potassium salt of 2,2 -biquinoline-4,4-dicarboxylic acid (K2bqdc) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in aqueous medium via hydrothermal method afforded three new lanthanide complexes of Er(bqdc)1.5(H2O)4.5 (1), Er2(bqdc)3(phen)2.5 (2) and Er3(bqdc)4.5(phen)2(H2O)5 (3) by varying metal to bqda to phen ratio from 1:1:0, 1:1:1 to 1:1:2. Thermogravimetric analysis performed o on the complexes showed the complexes are thermally stable up to above 450 C which suggested higher coordination number by lanthanide than transition metal could contribute to higher thermal stability and rigidity of the complex 1, 2 and 3. The photoluminescence analysis run on these complexes suggested bqdc and phen contribute to the emission of the complexes. The complexes were found to exhibit linker-based luminescence properties due to quenching effect by aqua or lattice molecules and increased rigidity of bqdc and phen mainly due to coordination with metal. Complex of 2 was found to exhibit higher luminescence intensity than the other two complexes.
INO-P18 FRIEDEL CRAFTS ALKYLATION OF PHENOL WITH TERT-BUTANOL USING SUPPORTED HETEROPOLY ACID CATALYSTS Hsui-Ling Hsu, De-Yu Chen, Liao Wan-Ting and Rosilda Selvin Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Techno logy, 300, Wan-shou Rd., Sec. 1, Kueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan E-mail: [e-mail] Liquid phase alkylation of phenol with tert-butanol was studied over dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) supported on various supports such as zirconia, silica gel activated in 3 M HCl, montmorillonite K10 activated in 3 M HCl, bentonite activated in 3 M HCl and titania. The effect of various operating parameters was also investigated using the catalyst DTP/zirconia. DTP supported on silica gel activated in 3 M HCl, montmorillonite-K10 activated in 3 M HCl and bentonite activated in 3 M HCl are active catalysts in terms of conversion and selectivity for the desired product under mild conditions. The optimum DTP loading on zirconia, catalyst weight, phenol to tert-butyl alcohol mole ratio, reaction temperature for the alkylation of phenol with tert -butanol are 30 %, 0.3 g, 15:1 and 90 C, respectively. Among various catalysts studied, the DTP supported on silica gel activate d in 3 M HCl showed superior activity compared to other supports.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia INO-P19
HIGHLY ACTIVE AND REUSABLE CATALYST FOR FRIES REARRANGEMENT OF PHENYL ACETATE Chen Ching-Feng, *Hsui-Ling Hsu, Liao Wan-Ting and Rosilda Selvin Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, 300, Wan-shou Rd., Sec. 1, Kueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan E-mail: [e-mail] In the present study, we have reported 12-Tungstophosphoric acid included on silica nanoparticles for the Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate. The 12-Tungstophosphoricacid included on silica nanoparticles catalyst was prepared by sol-gel method followed by steaming. The synthesized catalysts were further characterized by XRD and TEM techniques. Liquid - phase Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate was carried out using fresh as well as steamed catalyst. It was found that the catalytic activity of steam treated 12 Tungstophosphoric acid included on silica nan oparticles shows high activity in terms of conversion and selectivity for the desired product under mild conditions. However, the fresh catalysts are less active for the Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate (<5 % conversion). The enhanced activity of steam treated catalysts has been explained in terms of surface acidity of the catalyst.
INO-P20 THE FIRST EXAMPLE OF TERMINALLY THIOL-FUNCTIONALIZED CHOLESTERYL ESTER Huey-Charn Lee and Guan-Yeow Yeap Liquid crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chem ical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of the first example of terminally thiol -functionalized monomer containing cholesteryl ester moiety are described. Steglich reaction between cholesterol and 6-bromohexanoic acid gives the corresponding -brominated ester derivative. The bromo-terminated product is converted to thioacetate in the presence of potassium thioacetate. Hydrolysis of the thioacetate furnishes the desired thiol-terminated cholesteryl ester. The structures of the intermediates 1 were characterized using FT-IR and H-NMR spectroscopic techniques while the thermal behavior and texture observation of the mesogen was investigated by means of polarizing optical microscopy (POM). The experimental results indicate that this compound exhibits monotropic chiral smectic C (SmC*) phase upon super-cooling where broken-fan textures are observed under the polarized light.
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23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (MATERIAL)
MAT-O1 DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF NIOBIUM SUBSTITUTED BISMUTH TANTALATE A. Manshor and *K.B. Tan Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of bismuth tantalate electroceramics, Bi3Ta1-xNbxO7 with different doped amounts of niobium ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 was synthesized by conventional solid -state method. The phase pure samples o were pelletized and densified at 900 C. A fluorite -Bi2O3 type phase was obtained and solid solutions limit ended at 0.6, i.e. 60 mol % of doped niobium. All doped samples showed good reproducible Arrhenius conductivity plots for heat-cool cycles. These samples were resistive with activation energy in the range of 0.9 - 1.1 eV. The dielectric properties study revealed an increase in permittivity values as x increase from 0.2 to 0.6. On the other hand, the temperature coefficient of capacitances (TCC) of all o doped samples were found nearly zero in temperature range 25 300 C. This interesting electrical properties making niobium substituted bismuth tantalates a promising candidate in dielectric applications.
MAT-O2 THE POTENTIAL OF UNCARIA GAMBIR AND CATECHIN HYDRATE AS GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR: A COMPARITIVE STUDY M. Hazwan Hussin and *M. Jain Kassim Material Chemistry and Corrosion Laborato ry, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Uncaria gambir, a native Southeast Asia herbal plant has been widely used as an astringent medicine for treatment of spongy gums, tooth acne, diarrheas and sore throat. Previous studies have shown that more than 80 % of gambir extract consist mostly flavan monomer, which is catechin and epicatechin. The anti-oxidant properties exhibit in catechin attracts people to study further of its applications. The effect of both Uncaria gambir and catechin hydrate as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acidic solution was done using various electrochemical tests such as weight loss, polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements (EIS). The free energy of adsorptio n Gads for both Uncaria gambir and catechin hydrate, indicates that the process was spontaneous and physically adsorbed (physisorption) onto the mild steel surface.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O3
INFLUENCE OF 1-AMINO-9-OCTADECENE SURFACTANT ON THE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF TIN OXIDE NANOPARTICLES Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh and Rohana Adnan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Tin oxide nanoparticles were synthesised in non-ionic surfactant of 1-amino-9-octadecene via hydrothermal method. Concentration of 1-amino-9-octadecene remarkably affects the particle size of tin oxide nanoparticles. The effect of surfactant on particle size, particle distribution and morphology were investigated with different techniques; X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that surfactant influenced the particles size, their distribution, shape, and surface area of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles with particle size of less than 5 nm were fabricated.
MAT-O4 INVESTIGATIONS OF BLOCK CHARACTERISTICS DURING CHAIN SHUTTLING POLYMERIZATION USING HYBRID FUZZY LOGIC GENETIC ALGORITHM
1
Al-Harthi Mamdouh A., Khokhar Zahid H. and Aburraheem A.
2
3
1 2
Department of Polymer Engineering, KFUPM, Dhahran -31261, Saudi Arabia Department of Chemical Engineering, KFUPM, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia 3 RI, KFUPM, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail]
In this paper, block formation during chain shuttling polymerization is investigated. Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks or polymer chains. It has many reactions with complex mechanism. Chains are formed during polymerization with suitable catalyst which exchanges the monomers of different characteristics. Chains grow up as blocks are formed. Hard and soft characteristics of different monomer may affect the habit of block formation during polymerization. Chain shuttling agent is responsible to act as an agent to setup paths for block formation of superior quality. To control the habit of blocks formed, it is necessary to develop these paths methodically. Hybrid fuzzy logic with genetic algorithm approach is used to construct the paths to direct chain formation of better blocks.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O5
23rd-25th June 2010
ESTERIFICATION VIA SACCHARINE MEDIATED SILICA SOLID CATALYST Kasim Mohammed Hello, *Farook Adam and Hasnah Osman School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Saccharine (Sac) was immobilized on to rice husk ash (RHA) silica via 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CPTES) to form a new catalyst, RHAC-Sac. The Sac loading on the silica was found to be ca. 82 %. The 29 2 3 3 4 13 Si MAS NMR showed the presence of T , T , Q and Q silicon centers. The C MAS NMR showed that RHAC-Sac had three chemical shifts consistent with the three carbon atoms of the propyl group and a series of chemical shifts consistent with the presence of the aromatic ring. RHAC -Sac had a specific 2 -1 surface area of 250 m g and a narrow average pore size of 3.28 nm. RHAC-Sac was used as a catalyst in the esterification reaction between ethyl alcohol and acetic acid. A 66 % conversion was achieved at 85 C with 100 % selectivity for the ester. The stoichiometric composition of acid: alcohol = 1:1 was found to give the highest conversion. The use of Sac as a homogeneous catalyst also gave similar results to that of RHAC-Sac. RHAC-Sac could be reused several times by regenerating at 150 C.
MAT-O6 STUDY OF HYDROGEN UPTAKE ON Pt/MoO3
1
Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nurun Najwa Ruslan, Ainul 2 Hakimah Karim and Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah
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2
1
2
2
Department of Chemical Enneneering, Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engi neering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The rate controlling step and the energy barrier involved in the hydrogen adsorption over Pt/MoO 3 were studied. Rates of hydrogen adsorption on Pt/MoO3 were measured at the adsorption temperature range of 323 573 K and at the initial hydrogen pressure of 6.7 kPa. The rate of hydrogen u ptake was very high for the initial few minutes for adsorption at and above 473 K, and reached equilibrium within 2 h. At and below 423 K, the hydrogen uptake still continued and did not reach equilibrium after 10 h. The hydrogen uptake exceeded the H/Pt ratio of unity for adsorption at and above 423 K, indicating that hydrogen adsorption involves hydrogen atom spillover and surface diffusion of the spiltover hydrogen atom over the bulk surface of MoO3 followed by formation of HxMoO3. The hydrogen uptake was scarcely appreciable for Pt-free MoO3. The rate controlling step of the hydrogen adsorption on Pt/MoO 3 was the surface diffusion of the spiltover hydrogen with the activation energy of 83.1 kJ/mol.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O7
LIQUID-PHASE ALKYLATION OF PHENOL OVER SOLID SULFANILIC ACID CATALYST Tamar Hussein Ali, Farook Adam and Kasim Mohammed Hello School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Alkylation of phenol has been a subject of interest due to its industrial importance. In this study, an acidic solid catalyst was prepared and used to study the liquid -phase alkylation of phenol with tertbutanol (TBA) as an alkylating agent. The sulfanilic acid was immobilized onto rice husk ash (RHA) sili ca via 3-(chloropropyl)triethoxysilane to form a new catalyst denoted as RHAPhSO 3H. The BET surface area 2 1 was found to be 308 m g with a narrow pore diameter of 8.93 nm. Pyridine -FT-IR adsorption study revealed the presence of Brnsted acid sites. Elemental analysis of RHAPhSO 3H by EDX and CHN confirmed the presence of S (10.88 %) and N (10.37 %). In alkylation of phenol, RHAPhSO 3H yielded 95 % conversion of TBA at 120 C with mole ratio of TBA:phenol = 1:1 with high selectivity towards 4 -tertbytylphenol (4-TBP = 52 %) with some by products. The high conversion and selectivity for 4 -TBP could be due to its strong acidity as observed by Pyridine-FT-IR. The catalyst can be reused several times without significant loss of catalytic activity.
MAT-O8 LOW TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS OF ZnSnO3 AT Al-Hinai and MH Al-Hinai Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos Unive rsity, Alkoud, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: [e-mail] ZnSO3 particles were synthesized at low temperature. The pH of a solution containing stoichiometric 2+ 4+ amounts of Zn and Sn was controlled in order to precipitate the ZnSnO3 in one step at low temperature. The particles produced where identified using powder X -Ray Diffraction. Scanning electron microscope images show that the particles are monodispersed cubes with an average size of two microns.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O9
23rd-25th June 2010
MECHANOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CALCIUM DOPED CERIA SYSTEM
1
P. S. Ong,
1,2
Y. P. Tan, Y. H. Taufiq-Yap and Z. Zainal
1,2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Putra Laboratory for Catalysis Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Doped ceria is considered the most promising high-conducting electrolyte, alternative to the commercially used yttria-stabilized zirconia. Ca-doped ceria is considered among the top variants of doped ceria systems. In this present work, crystalline fluorite -like structure of Ca-doped CeO2 compounds, denoted as Ce1-xCaxO2- (0.05 x 0.2), were prepared via mechanochemical synthesis route. The synthesis routed involves mechanochemical reaction of starting materials of CeO 2 as well as 2+ 4+ CaO and CaCO3 as the Ca substituting source for Ce . In mechanochemical reaction, fine-grained powders with uniform grain size distribution were obtained. CaO -substituted ceria was found to be more promising in terms of phase stability, where all solid solutions were obtained in single phase at lower sintering temperature and duration, compared to that substitut ed with CaCO3. For the purpose of comparison, calcium-doped ceria samples were also prepared by conventional solid state method. The single phase compounds were further characterized by employing d ifferential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The morphology and microstructure of sintered pellets were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical conductivity of calcium doped ceria compounds were investigated in air as a function of temperature between 50 and 800 C using AC impedance spectroscopy.
1
MAT-O10 OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL CELLS INTERACTION OF ZINC SELENIDE NANOPARTICLES
1
See Y. Lee, Siew T. Eng, Sabar D. Hutagalung, Ishak Mat and Ahmad F. Ismail
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1
2
2
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Semiconductor nanoparticles are very attractive as their electronic structure and optical properties depend sensitively on their size. These tiny particles can be specifically attached to biological materials such as cell, proteins and nucleic acids, where they show promise for labeling and imaging biological molecules in vitro and in vivo. In this paper presented a great potential of zinc selenide (ZnSe) nanoparticles as a fluorescent semiconductor materials for molecular imaging and biomedical applications. The fluorescence properties of the nanoparticles were investigated via absorption and emission by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, UV-light microscope and PL spectrometer. The emission spectra of ZnSe nanoparticles were found to be highest at 360 nm (blue). Viable cell analysis using MTS assay showed that ZnSe nanoparticles are significantly induce the proliferation of mouse spleen cells after 72 hrs co-culture. The result indicates that ZnSe, at low concentration may interact with immune cells. Taken together, the emission sp ectrum and the biological property of nanoparticles may indicate their potential application in medicine.
1
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O11
ISOMERIZATION OF n-BUTANE OVER TUNGSTEN-ZIRCONIA CATALYST
1
Ainul Hakimah Karim, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah, 1 1 Nurun Najwa Ruslan and Sharifah Najiha Timmiati
1*
2
1
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Te knologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The influence of WO3 loading (5, 10,13,15,20 wt %) supported on zirconia solid a cid catalysts has been studied. WO3-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Zr(OH)4 with ammonium metatungstate complex solution, followed by calcination at 1093 K in air for 3 h. The series of catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption, Raman spectroscopy and pyridine-preadsorbed FTIR spectroscopy. The activities of the catalysts were tested in n-butane isomerization in the presence of hydrogen. A maximum activity was found at the sample with 13 wt % tungsten loading. The catalytic activity is suggested to associate with the h ighest acidity and surface area.
MAT-O12 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACIDIC SITES OF SOLID ACID CATALYSTS BY PYRIDINE PRE-ADSORBED FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
1
Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Ainul Hakimah Karim, 1 1 Nurun Najwa Ruslan and Sharifah Najiha Timmiati Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemical Eng., Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
2
1
1
Pyridine pre-adsorbed FTIR was used for quantitative study of acidic properties of solid acid catalysts. The ratio of Brnsted to Lewis acid sites and the molar absorption coefficients of solid acid catalysts were determined by interconversion of probe molecules (pyridine) on Brnsted and Lewis acid sites in 2the present of H2O. Platinum tungsten zirconia (Pt/WO3-ZrO2), Platinum sulfated zirconia (Pt/SO4 -ZrO2), 22Platinum sulfated alumina (Pt/SO4 -Al2O3), and Platinum sulfated silica (Pt/SO4 -SiO2) were used as sample catalysts. These catalysts were prepared by impregnation method followed by calcinations at 823 K for 3 h. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were deter mined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Pyridine pre -adsorbed FTIR spectroscopy and Nitrogen physisorption analysis. The ratio of Brnsted to Lewis acid sites of Pt/WO 3222ZrO2, Pt/SO4 -ZrO2, Pt/SO4 -Al2O3 and Pt/SO4 -SiO2 were 1.99, 1.83, 5.05, 1.20 respectively.
148
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O13
23rd-25th June 2010
A FACILE METHOD OF PREPARING TITANIA BASED BINARY METAL OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITES: CNTs/TiO2-COO; SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION
1
L.N. Dlamini, *R.W. Krause, G.U. Kulkarni and S. H. Durbach
1
2
1
1 2
Department of Chemical Technology, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India E-mail: [e-mail]
Interest on the photocatalytic nature of titania (TiO 2) exploded since the discovery of photo-induced water decomposition on TiO2 electrode by Fujishima and Honda in 1972. Compared to other semiconductors TiO2 is less toxic, photostable and less expansive. However, its use is compromised by the large band gap (3.2 eV anatase and 3.0 eV rutile) which hinders its optical properties. The large band gap only allows higher energy (UV) of the solar spectrum to be utilized to produce photo -excited holes and electrons. Ultra-visible makes up ~5 % compared to ~50 % of visible light of the solar spectrum In this paper we present a facile method of preparing titania based metal oxides nanocomposite. The application of the synthesized nanocomposite is prima rily focused on water purification and complete mineralization of organic pollutants. Synthesis and characterization of CNTs -CoO-TiO2 nanocomposite was successfully achieved in a simple two step method. Samples were fully characterized with X -ray powder diffraction (XRD), to determine the crystallinity and phase of titania and cobalt in the composite. Estimate particle size was also determined from XRD. Raman spectroscopy was further employed to confirm the nature of TiO2. Morphological, particle size and distribution of the particles on CNTs was achieved by using microscopic techniques, such as field emission electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Each of the microscopic techniques were coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) to qualitatively measure the elemental composition of the nanocomposite. Since the nanocomposite were porous, surface area and pore volume measurements were determined by BET.
MAT-O14 SYNTHESIS o-CARBOXYMETHYLCHITOSAN AS ECOFRIENDLY CORROSION INHIBITOR FOR MILD STEEL IN 1 M HCl Nurul NuAim Razali and *Mohd Jain Kassim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]. o-Carboxymethylchitosan (OCMC) was synthesised by reacting chitosa n with monochloroacetic acid at 50 C using 1:4 (v/v) of water and isopropanol. The structure of OCMC was elucidated by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The synthesized OCMC was soluble in water at various pH as compared to the chitosan. The inhibition effect of OCMC on the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied by weight loss measurement, polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. It was found that inhibition increase with increasing concentration of OCMC. The weight loss -4 measurement shows the highest efficiency which is 87.09 % at 7 x 10 M. Polarization studies shows that OCMC behaves as mixed-type inhibitor.
149
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O15
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PHOSPHINE FUNCTIONALIZED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AA Muleja, XY Mbianda, RW Krause and K Pillay Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa E-mail: [e-mail] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a well organized form of carbon arranged in tubular shapes. CNTs are mostly used in the fabrication of nanomaterials. Nowadays, several areas of science, engineering, technology, development and industry are being influenced by the uses of nanomaterials. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were produced by a technique known as nebulizer spray pyrolysis (NSP). The mixture of toluene and ferrocene was used in the synthesis of MWCNTs. Arylated-MWCNTs were formed from a coupling of 4-bromobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and purified MWCNTs. This was performed in the presence of 1 -methyl-3-octylimidazolium tetrafluorobate and potassium carbonate through a nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. Phosphorylation of arylated MWCNTs was then achieved at room temperature by substitution of bromine anion with diphenylphosphide ion; by single electron transfer (SET) leading to triphenylphosphine -MWCNTs (TppMWCNTs). The morphology of nanotubes was analyzed by electron microscopy techniques such TEM and SEM. FTIR spectrum revealed peaks of phenyl groups attached directly to phosphorus near 1000 -1 and 1440 cm . The presence of phosphorus in the Tpp -MWCNTs which was very crucial in our research could be seen in the XPS spectrum and EDS spectrum. Raman spectroscopy rev ealed that the graphite band (G) and defect band (D) intensities ratio (IG/ID) was decreasing from 4.18 to 3.72, for pristine MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs respectively. TGA was also used for the thermal studies of purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs. The synthesis of Tpp-MWCNTs was successfully carried out as proven by the characterization techniques.
MAT-O16 MANGROVE (RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) AND ITS MONOMER (CATECHIN) AS POTENTIAL CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR COPPER IN 0.5 M HCl Affaizza Mohamad Shah, Afidah Abd. Rahim, shafida A. Hamid and Solhan Yahya School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Mangrove tannin and its monomer (catechin) as a non -toxic corrosion inhibitor of copper in 0.5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) using polarisation techniques, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) , weight loss measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been studied. Potentiodynamic polarisation measurements showed that the presence of mangrove tan nin and catechin in 0.5 M HCl affected mainly the cathodic process for copper and decreased the corrosion current and shifted the corrosion potential towards more negative values. Weight loss measurements indicated that the inhibition efficiency of mangrove tannin and catechin increases with increasing concentrations. Results obtained from the weight loss, potentiodynamic polarisation and impedance measurements showed similar trends of inhibition efficiency. A change of morphology was observed after the addition of inhibitor as shown from SEM analysis. The inhibition efficiency of mangrove tannin and catechin was compared to that of quebracho tannin.
150
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O17
23rd-25th June 2010
PREPARATION OF SOLID ELECTROLYTES FROM ORGANIC-INORGANIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS OF EPOXIDISED NATURAL RUBBER (ENR-50) AND TITANIA ALKOXIDES Siti Mutrofin, Prashant Adkine and W.A. Kamil Mahmood School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of Organic-Inorganic composites (OIc) material from epoxidised natural rubber (ENR -50) and using sol-gel and ultrasonic was prepared. The ENR-50 was used as organic phase and titania were used as inorganic phase. Different concentrations of titania were introduced into ENR-50. An ultrasonic irradiation with the frequency of 40 kHz was applied hasten the sol -gel reaction. The film materials obtained after one hour of reaction are transparent and flexible. These films are characterized using FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, TGA-FTIR, DSC and SEM-EDX. All the samples prepared shows peak at 470 and 620 -1 cm attributed to Ti-O-Ti and Ti-O-C bond, respectively. UV-Vis spectra show that the films were transparent in the visible region. The XRD and TGA analysis shows these films are amorphous and homogenous respectively. There is an increase of the glass transition temperature ( Tg) for the films as compared to that of ENR-50. These films were doped with alkali salts such as LiCl, NaCl, and KCl at concentrations of 10 % weight into the films. The conductivity of the doped films shows an increase as + + the cation changes from K to Li . It is noted that the conductivity of the composite is similar to when it + was doped with K .
MAT-O18 PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALUMINA SUPPORTED GOLD NANOPARTICLES AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE REDUCTION OF p-NITROPHENOL
1
Hanani Yazid, *Rohana Adnan, Shafida Abdul Hamid and
1
1,
2
1, 3
Muhammad Akhyar Farrukh
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 3 Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Pakistan E-mail: [e-mail]
Gold nanoparticles supported on alumina were prepared at several pH levels v ia the depositionprecipitation (DP) method. The effects of pH at below and above the isoelectric point (IEP) of Al 2O3 as well as the pH adjustment before and after the addition of the support into the gold chloride solution were investigated. The results revealed the formation Au in form of cationic, clusters and metallic attached on alumina support. The catalytic effect of these species was tested in the reduction of pnitrophenol (p-NP) using hydrazine as a reductant. The catalytic reaction was monitored spectrophotometerically and the highest rate constant (k) achieved based on pseudo-first-order kinetic -3 -1 model was 12.7 x 10 s . Structural and elemental characterizations of the supported gold nanoparticles were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-rays (EDX), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis).
151
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O19
CHARACTERIZATIONS AND EVALUATION OF LIGNIN-PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN FOR BONDING RUBBERWOOD PLYWOOD
1
Z. Norhidaya, M. N. M. Ibrahim, O. Sulaiman, R. Hashim and C. S. Sipaut
1
2
2
3
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah 88999, Malaysia E-mail:[e-mail]
2
1
The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of lignin extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch as a substitute for phenol in phenolic resin due to their structure similarity. Initially, kraft and soda lignin were characterized to determine their suitability to replace phenol by examining their chemical, physical and thermal properties. The analytical methods used were FT -IR spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, GPC and FESEM. The analyses showed both lignins had different compositions in terms of number and weight molecular (Mn and Mw), reactive site through Mannich reactivity analysis, content of phenolic groups, surface morphology and Tg value. Meanwhile, FT-IR spectra showed similar bands for both lignins. From all the analyses, it showed that kraft lignin is more reactive and suitable to replace phenol compared to soda lignin. Lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins were synthesized by replacing phenol with 30, 40 and 50 % (w/w) kraft lignin. The LPF resins were characterized and compared with commercial phenol formaldehyde (PF) through pH value, gel tim e, viscosity, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, molecular weight and contact angles. LPF resins were applied to 2 bond the rubber wood plywood with spread level 250 g/m . The plywood was tested for physical properties and shear strength. From all the results, it showed that kraft lignin has tremendous potential to replace phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin production.
MAT-O20 CORRELATION BETWEEN PHENOLIC CONTENT AND CORROSION INHIBITORS OF UNCARIA GAMBIR EXTRACT FOR MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC SOLUTION Nur Hazwani Dahon and *Mohd Jain Kassim School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The extraction of Uncaria gambir in different polarity solvents was successfully done. It was found that the extraction of Uncaria gambir in ethyl acetate solution gives the highest phenolic content, whereas the lowest was in water extraction. The corrosion inhibition activity was determined by means of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impeda nce spectroscopy. Potentiodynamic polarization study clearly reveals that the gambir extract behaves as a mixed inhibitor. The inhibition efficiencies, IE increases by increasing the concentration and reach 68.44 % at 100 ppm for the ethyl acetate extract. The results also indicated that the IE was increased with the increment of phenolic content in the various extract.
152
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O21
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF TRIOCTYLTETRADECYLPHOSPHONIUM -BASED ROOM TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS
1
Abobakr Khidir Ziyada, Cecilia Devi Wilfred and Mohd Azmi Bustam
2
1
2
Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh 31750, Perak Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Tronoh-31750, Perak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) based on trioctyltetradecylphosphonium [P 8,8,8,14] with chloride 1 [Cl] and dioctylsulfosuccinate [docusate] anions were prepared and characterized using H NMR and elemental analysis. The experimental values of density and dynamic viscosity at a temperature range (293.15 to 353.15) K and refractive index (298.15 to 343.15) K were measured at atmospheric pressure and the influence of the alkyl chain and anion on these properties is discussed. The measured density, viscosity and refractive index of the present ionic liquids; [P 8,8,8,14]Cl and [P8,8,8,14][docusate] at 298.15 K -3 are (0.8858 and 0.9544) g cm , ( 1272.2 and 2960.3) mPa.s and (1.47832 and 1.46934) respectively. The density of the presnt IL is lower compared to the phosphonium ILs with short alkyl chain due to the increases free volume of the longer alkyl chain. The experimental values of density for the present ILs decrease linearly with increasing temperature as consequ ence of the large temperature difference between their working temperature range and their critical temperatures. The results show that these ILs possesses higher viscosities and similar refractive indices compared to the trihexyltetradecylphosphonium ILs. The higher viscosity of the present ILs when compared to [P 2, 2, 2 ,8][NTf2] and [P2, 2, 2, 12][NTf2] is due to the increased Van der Waals interactions results from the long alkyl chains of the phosphonium cation and the docusate anion. In addition, the higher viscosity of [P8,8,8,14][docusate] compared to [P8,8,8,14]Cl] is due to the long alkyl chain and large volume of the docusate anion which results in low ion mobility due to the electrostatic interaction between the cation and anion.
MAT-O22 FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF NEAT AND SODIUM DOPED BARIUM TITANATE K.Y. Chew and *M. Abu Bakar School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Barium titanate is a well known high dielectric material. Neat barium titanate (BTO) was synthesized from precursors of barium hydroxide monohydrate and titanium (IV) isopropoxide via sol gel method and calcined at 900 C. Surface microstructures of neat barium titanate, show no distinct shape, high agglomeration and porous structures, which were common phenomenon after high temperature calcinations. Defined shaped and non agglomerated particles were commonly achieved by addition of supports such as templates (both organic and inorganic) which were then diffi cult to remove. However, by doping with sodium (~0.3 mole %), the morphology becomes distinct and the particles are spherical. These preparations described the effect of different calcinations temperature on the size of barium titanate. Agglomeration is un avoidable as the average size increased from 0.26 to 0.31 to 0.32 to 0.40 m after calcinations duration increases from 3 to 6 hours as observed in SEM. Properties of barium titanate were then characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).
153
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-O23
CORROSION INHIBITION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOY 6061 IN NATURAL MANGROVE ( RHIZOPHORA APICULATA) TANNINS IN HCl, H2SO4 AND NaCl S. Yahya, *Afidah A. Rahim, R. Adnan and A. Mohd Shah School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The efficiency of mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata) tannin as a new potential of corrosion inhibitors for aluminium alloy in HCl, NaCl and H2SO4 have been determined by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, impedance measurements and surface analysis . Polarization measurements shows that mangrove tannins act predominantly as cathodic inhibitors in HCl and mainly as anodic inhibitors in H2SO4 with up to 90 and 80 % inhibition efficiency (% IE) respectively. In NaCl the % IE was performed up to 80 % with increasing the inhibitors concentration. The addition of tannin in all medium increased the charge transfer resistance via impedance measurements. Surface analysis on aluminium showed that the roughness of the uniform corroded surface, localized corrosion and distribution of pits was reduced after treatment with tannin in HCl, NaCl and H 2SO4 respectively. The experimental part revealed the presence of anion Cl in inhibitors solution favor the adsorption of cationic form of tannin and catechin onto Al surface. The inhibition of corrosion could be aroused mainly by electrostatic interaction as deduced from Temkin isotherm. Results from the experiment al measurements shows tannin behaved as catechin. According to the theoretical calculation, protonated catechin showed the lowest energy of adsorption interaction between catechin+H+Al+Cl represented the strong adsorption. The chemical potential properties of catechin show that catechin as well as tannin can perform good anticorrosion properties.
POSTER PRESENTATION (MATERIAL)
MAT-P1 EFFECT OF RED PALM OIL ON LIPID PROFILES OF RATS
1
Eqbal Dauqan, Halimah Abdullah and Aminah Abdullah
1
2
1
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Food science, Faculty Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Red Palm Oil (RPO) on lipid profiles of rats. Seventy eight rats were randomly divided into thirteen groups of 6 rats per group were treated with different concentrations of RPO (5, 10 and 15 %) for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups 5, 10 and 15 % of additional RPO were given. Results showed a decline in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C) values whereas the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values increased. Rats treated with 15 % RPO for 8 week showed an increased in LDL-C value (26.69 1.18 mg/dL) compared to control group (23.2 2.31 mg/dL). The results of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) in all treated rats were within the normal range. There was no significantly different in TC and TG of rats treated with RPO compared to the control group.
154
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P2
23rd-25th June 2010
PREPARATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL BEHAVIOR OF TITANIA (Ni-Cu ALLOY DOPED TiO2) POWDER Yetria Rilda Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Scienc e, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] Titania powder (Ni-Cu alloy doped TiO2) were prepared by using sol-gel technology. The influence of doped ion and calcination temperature on the structure and particle size was investigated by XRD, TEM and BET. In this studied determined activity antimicrobial of two -group of microbial which are known as bacteria and fungus in pathogenic-organisms: Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, 5 and Fusarium semitectum. Aqueous suspension of the microbial (1.10 CFU/mL), in the presence of NiCu-TiO2 were irradiated with a UV m: 365 nm for various time periods in order to simulate UV radiation. Efficient microbial effect of titania was evaluated with diffusion methods with used titania concentration as 1.5 2.0 g/mL. The antimicrobial behavior of titania (Ni-Cu alloy doped TiO2) powder was explicitly observed using scanning electron microscopy and cell wall damage was found.
MAT-P3 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION STUDIES ON RICE HUSK ASH SILICA, SUPPORTED ON GUANIDINE, UREA AND SACCHARINE-COBALT COMPLEX Muazu Samaila Batagarawa, Farook Adam and Kasim Mohammed Hello School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Silica extracted from Rice Husk Ash was silylated with chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) at varying temperature and pH, for optimization. The Silated silica was later organofunctionalised with guanidine, urea and saccharine-Cobalt complex for the synthesis of heterogeneou s catalysts. FT-IR studies show -1 strong O-H absorption bands at 3401 - 3452 cm as well as Si-O-Si stretching vibrations at 1073 and -1 1057 cm , confirming the silica-organic linkage. The CHN analysis of the catalysts indicated the presence of C and H in all samples but trace amount of N in saccharine cobalt complex. Similarly, EDX analysis showed the presence of C, N, O and Si in all samples. TEM images showed mesoporous property of the silica matrix as supported by XRD patterns.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P4
IRON, TIN AND COPPER INCORPORATED RICE HUSK SILICA: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND ITS CATALYTIC ACTIVITY Ishraga Abdelmoniem Hassan and Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA) at room temperature has been modified by incorporation of iron, tin and copper (10 % wt. metal) via sol-gel method. The modified catalysts were denoted as RHA 10Fe, RHA-10Sn and RHA-10Cu. The catalysts were found to be amorphous and had BET specific surface 2 -1 area of ca. 301-539 m g . EDX analysis confirmed the presence of iron, tin and copper in the silica surface. The catalytic activity of these catalysts has been tested for Friedel-Crafts benzoylation of anisole (As) with benzoyl chloride (BOC). The benzoylation activity of the catalysts followed the order: RHA -10Fe > RHA-10Sn > RHA-10Cu. The RHA-10Fe showed high activity with 100 % conversion of BOC and selectivity of 4.9 and 84.1 % towards o- and p-methoxybenzophenone (o- and p-MOBP), respectively in 20 min. However, RHA-10Sn gave 100 % conversion of BOC with 4.7 and 80.7 % selectivity for o- and pMOBP in 3 h. RHA-10Cu was found to be less reactive (47.9 %, in 6 h) with only 1.9 and 56.6 % of o- and p-MOBP.
MAT-P5 SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF 6,6' -DI-TERT-BUTYL-2,2'-[1,2PHENYLENEBIS(NITRILOMETHYLIDYNE)]DIPHENOL SCHIFF BASE: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDY TOWARDS APPLICATION AS ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES Naser Eltaher Eltayeb, Siang Guan Teoh and Rohana Adnan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Schiff bases ligands have been studied for their wide applications in various fields such as catalysis, corrosion and sensors in addition to their biological activity towards cancer, tumor, antituberculous, antimalarial, and etc. We have been interested in preparing Schiff bases and their complexes in an effort to study and develop the understanding on the luminescence properties of these compounds. This work deals with the synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of 6,6' -Di-tert-butyl-2,2'-[1,2phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol, for possible application as organic light emitting diodes and sensor. This ligand was synthesized and characterized by FTIR, elemental analysis, and single crystal X ray crystallography. Electronic spectra and fluorescence properties of this comp ound were investigated using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy in both solid state and in solution. Computational methods were employed to study its molecular properties such as absorption, molecular orbital and molecular orbital energy for this compound. The calculated results correlate well with the experimental findings and provide good understanding of the structural and electronic behaviors associated with this molecule.
156
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P6
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIMETALLIC CATALYSTS FROM RICE HUSK ASH: AN INITIAL STUDY ON RUTHENIUM INCORPORATION INTO MCM-41 Jimmy Nelson Appaturi and Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Rice husk ash (RHA) was used as a source of silica to synthesize MCM -41 via the sol-gel technique at 80 C and pH 10. Initially a 10 % Ru was incorporated into the silica framework to give MCM -41-10Ru. The low angle XRD of RHA-MCM-41 indicated there were three reflections of SiO 2 crystals at 2 equal to 2.4, 4.0 and 4.8, corresponding to hkl reflection planes 100, 110 and 200 respectively. The TEM images showed hexagonal or honey-comb structures which is a distinctive feature of MCM -41. The BET 2 -1 specific surface area of RHA-MCM-41 was found to be 1165 m g . It had a narrow pore diameter, centered on 2.7 nm in agreement with the TEM results. The EDX analysis showed ruthenium was incorporated in the silica matrix and it was confirmed by the mapping image showing a homogeneous distribution of the metal.
MAT-P7 INVESTIGATION OF THE STABILITY PARAMETERS OF NLC PREPARED WITH HOT HOMOGENIZATION PROCESS BY USING TAGUCHIS METHOD
1
Pao-Chi Chen, H. C. Chen, J. Pang, P. K. Xu, M. C. Jian and W. R. Liao
1
3
2
2
2
2
Graduate School of Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology 3 Taiwan AC Scientific Inc. 300, Wan-Shou Rd., Sec. 1, Kueishan, Taoyuang, Taiwan E-mail: [e-mail]
1
The present study focuses on the preparation, by hot homogenization process, and physical characterization of NLC (nanostructured lipid carriers) aqueous dispersions concerning their particle size, zeta potential and rheological properties for different operating conditions, i.e., pre -emulsion time, pressure, cycle time, and storing temperature. The formula was given from preliminary study containing black currant oil, canauba wax, decyl glucoside and pentylene glycol. In here, we explore the effect of process parameters on the properties of NLC and use Taguchis method to find the optimum conditions preparing NCL with the aid of S/N ratio for a given formula. The stability te sts were carried out from 1 to 90 days. The results showed that the significant sequence influencing the particle size is C(cycle ti me) >B(pressure) >A(pre-emulsion time), while the significant sequence influencing the zeta -potential is A >C >B. Evidences showed that all zeta-potential measurements obtained in this study were higher than 30 mV, indicating that the stability of NLC prepared in here comes through the tests. From viscoelastic dynamic analysis, G is always higher than G indicating that the NLC exhibits colloid state. The results also found that storing temperature at 5 C is better than that at 25 C. Finally, the effects of wax and oil were also discussed in this study.
157
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P8
INFLUENCE OF RICE HUSK POWDER LOADING ON CURING CHARACTERISTICS AND FATIQUE LIFE OF RICE HUSK POWDER FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOSITES
1
Supalak Attharangsan, Mohamad Abu Bakar, Jamil Ismail and Hanafi Ismail
1
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
The effect of rice husk powder loading on curing characteristics, in terms of cure time, scorch time and maximum torque, and fatique life of the rice husk powder filled natural rubber composites was evaluated. The rubber composites were prepared using a laboratory -sized two-roll mill maintained at about 70 C and the filler loading was varied from 0 to 40 phr. The results indicated that the cure time, scorch time and fatique life decreased with increasing filler loading, while the maximum torque increased. Moreover, incorporation of rice husk powder into the rubber matrix also showed strong influence on fatique life of the rubber composites. Poor dispersion of rice husk powder in rubber matrix was proved using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
MAT-P9 VANADIUM INCORPORATED RICE HUSK SILICA CATALYST FOR THE LIQUID-PHASE OXIDATION OF ACETOPHENONE Chew Thiam Seng and Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail:[e-mail] A series of vanadium incorporated rice husk silica catalysts with (1-12) wt % V loading were synthesized at pH 9. The TEM micrograph of the silica precursor, RH -Silica revealed spherical nanoparticles whose size ranged from 20 24 nm. The vanadium incorporated catalysts showed narrow 2 -1 pore size distribution with BET surface area ranging from 245.2 272.7 m g . XRD patterns of the catalysts showed the metal to be well dispersed. Their catalytic performance was tested in the oxidation 5+ of acetophenone at 70 C. RH-10V (10 % V ) was found to be the most efficient catalyst in the oxidation of acetophenone (36.28 % conversion) yielding 2-hydroxyacetphenone, benzoic acid 3 hydroxyacetophenone, phenol and ethanoic acid as products.
5+
158
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P10
23rd-25th June 2010
COBALT INCORPORATED SILICA CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATION OF PHENOL Jeyashelly Andas, Farook Adam and Ismail Ab. Rahman School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Highly mesoporous cobalt incorporated rice husk silica catalyst with 5-20 wt. % metal loading was synthesized via a cheap solvent extraction and sol-gel technique under benign condition. The resultant heterogeneous catalysts were characterized by several analytical and spectroscopic techniques. TEM analysis of RH-15Co and RH-20Co revealed the presence of cobalt nanoparticles. The prepared catalysts were evaluated in the oxidation of phenol employing aqueous H 2O2 as the oxidant and water as the solvent. The oxidation yielded only Catechol (CAT) and Hydroquin one (HQ). RH-10Co was found to be superior in the oxidation of phenol yielding 82.5 % conversion. Further increase in the cobalt loading (>10 wt. %) reduced the phenol conversion. The catalyst was stable over leaching and can be regenerated without significant loss for several cycles.
MAT-P11 THE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CrAg BIMETALLIC HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST FOR THE OXIDATION OF n-HEPTANE Arvin Ramasanthiran and Farook Adam School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] RHA-5Ag, RHA-5Cr and RHA-5Cr5Ag were synthesized from rice husk ash silica (RHA) via sol-gel technique. TEM results of all the catalysts showed an orderly arrangement of pores. FTIR and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Ag and/or Cr in all the synthesized catalysts. The prepared catalysts were evaluated in the oxidation of n-heptane in the presence of H 2O2 as the oxidant and acetonitrile as the solvent at 80 C. Catalytic performance of the catalysts show the following trend: RHA-5Cr5Ag >RHA5Ag >RHA-5Cr. RHA-5Cr5Ag was successfully regenerated after each runs. Silver was found to leach out from RHA-5Cr5Ag during the reaction.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P12
THERMAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF OPAQUE DENTAL PORCELAIN POWDER AS FILLER IN DENTURE BASE POLY (METHYL METHACRYLATE) Asam M. A. Abudalazez, Azlan Ariffin and Zainal Arifin Ahmad School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] About 90 - 95 % of dentures are fabricated from PMMA material which is a preferred material for removable complete and partial prostheses. In this study, opaque dental porcelain powder as ceramic filler incorporated into PMMA matrix. The resulted composite was tested for its environmental and thermal qualities for the applicability in dental restoration. The diagnoses results of filled and unfilled samples showed that the filler-filled formulations had less water solubility, less absorption and reduced weight loss after 28 days of immersion in SBF at 37 C. The water absorption and solubility values of all filled formulations were below the values specified by the ISO standards for denture base materials . The degradation temperature of the filler -filled PMMA samples had shown slightly higher than that of the unfilled samples. The environmental and thermal qualities approved initially the feasibility of the prepared composite denture base material in dentu re restoration applications.
MAT-P13 SIMPLE TECHNIQUE TO MEASURE THE DENSITY OF SHAPELESS MATERIALS BY VACUUM SYSTEM
1
Sugeng Triwahyono, Nur Hazirah Rozali Annuar, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah , Aishah Abdul 1 1 1 Jalil, Ainul Hakimah Karim, Nurun Najwa Ruslan and Sharifah Najiha Timmiati
1
1
2
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Dept. of Chemical Eng., Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Eng. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Density is an important concept regarding buoyancy, metal purity and packaging where it is a fundamental thermophysical property, which aids in the identification, characterization and analysis of organic solid crystals, liquids and vapors. The density of fluids is easier to be measured compared to solids where the density measurement of solids was lagging behind because of their difficulties in measuring the volume especially in a porous and shapeless material. The density of a solid material can be ambiguous, depending on exactly how its volume is defined. The aim of this research is to develop a simple technique to measure the density of solid materials which consist of shapeless m aterial by using vacuum system. In this study, steel, rice and sweets (Clorets) were used as the shapeless materials. The density of steel is 7.61 g/mL, rice is 1.60 g/mL and for Clorets is 1.2 g/mL. The development of simple technique for measuring the density of solid materials has been succeeded by using vacuum system and the density of shapeless material can be measured.
160
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P14
23rd-25th June 2010
STUDY THE STRUCTURE OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDE-ZIRCONIA CATALYST BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY
1*
Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nurun Najwa Ruslan, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Ainul 1 Hakimah Karim and Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah
2
1
2
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering,Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The mechanism of the generation of protonic acid sites from molecular hydrogen on MoO 3-ZrO2 was studied by IR spectroscopy. The spectral changes in the Mo=O stretching and the OH stretching regions were observed in response to the exposure to hydrogen. By heating in the presence of hydrogen, the -1 -1 Mo=O stretching bands at 1000 cm eroded and a new peak around 990 cm was developed after -1 exposing to H2 for 2 hours. A broad OH stretching band around 3600 cm was strengthened by heating in the presence of hydrogen. Similar phenomenon was observed when ammonia was adsorbed on the catalyst. Thus, based on the IR spectral changes, the changes in the structure of acid sites are proposed.
1
MAT-P15 THE PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF AZACALIX[4]ARENES INCORPORATED ONTO RICE HUSK ASH SILICA Sek Kei Lin, Farook Adam and Kasim Mohammed Hello School of chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Azacalix[4]arene crown compound 1 was synthesized from melamine and 1,4bis(chloromethly)benzene. This azacalix[4]arene was then immobilized onto rice husk ash (RHA) silica via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) to form a heterogeneous catalyst 2. The crown compound 1 was 1 13 characterized using FTIR, H and C NMR, SEM/EDX, TGA and TEM. In the FTIR spectra of compound 1, -1 -1 the band at 3397 and 3308 cm were assigned to the NH. The band at 1640 cm was assigned to the -1 1 C=N vibration and the band at 3126 cm was assigned to the aromatic C=C bond. The H NMR spectrum showed the NH triplet chemical shifts centered at 1.3 ppm and the aromatic hydrogen was seen at 7.5 ppm. The catalytic activity of the immobilized complex 2 will be discussed.
NH
N H2N N N
NH
N N N NH2
O
NH
Si
N
NH
N N N NH2
SiO2
O O
NH
N
N
NH
NH
NH
NH
Compound 1
Compound 2
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P16
IRON AMINO PYRIDINE COMPLEX HETEROGENIZED ON MESOPOROUS SILICA Chien Wen Kueh, Farook Adam and Kasim Mohammed Hello School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] 2-amino pyridine was immobilized onto rice husk ash (RHA) silica via the substitution of the Cl via the C Cl bond from the 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (CPTES) moiety. The material exhibited a BET surface 2 1 area of 373 m g with a narrow pore diameter of 3.57 nm. Elemental analysis of confirmed the presence of N (6.48 %) which showed the successful immobilization. After the complexation with iron nitrate, pyridine FT-IR adsorption study, the presence of Lewis acid site was observed. The weak N H -1 -1 -1 stretching was indicated by the presence of a vibration at 1625 cm . Bands at 1528 cm and 1588 cm showed the presence of the C=C double bond of the aromatic ring from the 2 -amino pyridine. The -1 presence of the CN bond was evidenced from the 1663 cm vibration.
O
H3 SiOC H3C 2
H3C
O O
Si
Fe
NH
N
RHAC-2-AP-Fe
MAT-P17 GENERATION OF HYDROGEN MOLYBDENUM BRONZE FROM HYDROG EN OVER Pt/MoO3
2
Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Nurun Najwa Ruslan, Ainul 2 Hakimah Karim and Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah
1
1
2
2
Department of Chemical Eng., Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Univer siti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The acidity of hydrogen molybdenum bronze (HxMoO3) over platinum supported molybdenum oxide (Pt/MoO3) was studied by pyridine and carbon monooxide preadsorbed FTIR spectroscopy. The MoO 3 sample was prepared by calcination of H2MoO4 at 673 K for 3 h. The Pt/MoO 3 was prepared by impregnation of MoO3 with an aqueous solution of H2PtCl6 followed by calcination at 673 K in air. The 2 surface areas of MoO3 and Pt/MoO3 were 58 and 65 m /g and the content of Pt was 0.5 wt %. Pyridine and carbon monooxide preadsorbed FTIR showed that the reduction of Pt/MoO 3 at and above 473 K generated strong Lewis acid sites. The formation of the Lewis acid sites caused by interaction of surface catalyst with hydrogen indicated the formation of hydrogen molybdenum bronze over platinum supported molybdenum oxide. The activity of hydrogen molybdenum bronze was examined on the n heptane isomerization at 523 K in the presence and absence of hydrogen.
1
162
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P18
23rd-25th June 2010
THERMAL DEGRADATION OF NATIVE AND HYDROLYZED SODA LIGNINS EXTRACTED FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH Ebrahim Akbarzadeh, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad Ibrahim and Afidah Abdul Rahim School of Chemical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Lignin is the second most organic polymer on earth which can be used in various a pplications. The water solubilitiness of lignin is an important challenge for this compound to be accepted for industrial usage like rust converter. Hydroxylation helps to increase the solubility and to increase the number of carboxyl groups in the compound. In this study, diluted hydrochloric acid is utilized for treatment of the soda lignin. The infrared spectra of native and hydrolyzed lignin treated with diluted hydrochloric acid are 1 examined. All lignins show a broad band at 3400 cm , attributed to hydroxyl groups in phenolic -1 structures. The hydrolyzed lignin spectrum shows a high intensity phenolic OH band at 1375 cm and a -1 decrease in the intensities of CH vibration of methoxyl group at 2920 - 2810 cm . The hydrolysis -1 treatment also increases the intensity of the secondary cyclic alcohols of C-OH band at 1047 cm . The -1 intensity of C=C of aromatic ring band at 1680 and 1605 cm is highly affected by the treatment of lignin with hydrochloric acid, where decrease the intensities larger than in case o f lignin treated with HCl. The thermal behaviors of these lignin samples have been studied. The initial and char temperatures of lignin were performed at 30 and 700 C for native lignin and hydrolyzed lignin, respectively under nitrogen atmosphere. From TGA, it was observed that the native lignin exhibited one small peak at 198 C two important well-defined degradation stages at 296 and 387 C; hydrolyzed lignin presents only one main weight loss at 178 C although from DTG curve.
MAT-P19 TERT-BUTYLATION OF PHENOL USING HIERARCHICAL ZEOLITIC MATERIAL WITH ZSM -5 STRUCTURE Rosilda Selvin, Hsui-Ling Hsu, De-Yu Chen and Li-We Xiao Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lun ghwa University of Science and Technology, 300, Wan-shou Rd., Sec. 1, Kueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan E-mail: [e-mail] Zeolites are microporous crystalline materials, widely used as catalysts, ion -exchangers, and adsorbents. In recent years, much emphasis has been accorded to the synthesis, characterization and application of nanocrystalline zeolites, driven by a wide choice of applications. Nanocrystalline zeolites have very large internal and external surface areas thereby exposing active surface for reaction. Nanocrystalline ZSM -5 finds unique application in catalysis and adsorption. The superior performance is related to the presence of well-defined micropores. However, the presence of micropores cau ses some limitations on their applicability. Construction of zeolite materials with hierarchical porous structures can improve reaction efficiencies and minimize channel blocking. This paper highlights the synthesis of hierarchical zeolite structure with ZSM-5 using NR latex as the polymer macrotemplate for the liquid phase alkylation of phenol with tert-butanol. The high phenol conversion and 2, 4-di-TBP selectivity is due to the presence of the hierarchical porosity.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia MAT-P20
FABRICATION OF HIERARCHICAL POROUS NANOCRYSTALLINE TS-1 FOR THE BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOHEXANONE OXIME De-Yu Chen, Hsui-Ling Hsu, Li-We Xiao and *Rosilda Selvin Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, 300, Wan-shou Rd., Sec. 1, Kueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan E-mail: [e-mail] Hierarchical TS-1 possessing three generations of micro -, meso-, and macroporosities was fabricated through a dual-template approach using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex particles as micropore and macropore templates, respectively. The TS -1 catalyst is well characterized by XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM and TEM measurement. The TS -1 consists of zeolite nanocrystals with sizes of about 100 nm. The objective of the present investigation was to explore the potential of hierarchical TS-1 catalyst for transformation of cyclohexanone oxime into -caprolactam, which has widescale applications. The influences of time-on-stream (TOS), temperature on the conversion of cyclohexanone oxime and selectivity to caprolactam over the catalyst have been investigated. The studies reveal that activity and selectivity are above 99 % to -caprolactam in the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime under mild reaction condition.
164
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (NATURAL PRODUCT)
NAT-O1 PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING AND GALACTAGOGUE EFFECTS OF BANANA FLOWER ( MUSA X PARADISIACA ABBB) EXTRACT ON LACTATING RATS
1
Azizah Mahmood, Muhammad Nor Omar and Nurziana Ngah
2
2
1
Polytechnic of Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Food Technology Department, 25352 Semambu, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2 International Islamic University Malaysia, Kulliyyah of Science, 25200 Indera Mahkota, Ku antan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Some plants are known to have high level of phytochemical constituents that promote lactation (galactagogue) for nursing mothers (Goyal, et,al, 2003, Okasha, et.al, 2008). Herbal galactagogues are recommended by practitioners of the traditional systems of medicine for increasing milk secretion in lactating women in several parts of the world. The research was aim to find out phytochemical constituents in banana flower of pisang abu siam (Musa x paradisiaca - ABBB) extract on the effect of galactagogue in lactating rats. Taking into consideration the fact that banana flower is a common plant and considered completely safe and used for centuries both in nutrition and herbal tradition worldwide, the compounds would not have significant side effects and presents no health hazards for users. Lactating rats in treatment groups were fed with plant extract while mothers in control group were given an equivalent amount of distilled water start from day 5 through d ay 14. Sample was administered via oral animal feeding tubes. Milk production was estimated from Day 6 through Day 15 of lactation by isolating the litters (size six) from the dam for 6 hr daily, then weighing the litter before and after 60 minutes of suckling. The study showed that rats that were administered with banana flower from the aqueous extract had significantly higher in milk yield compared to control and ethanol extract groups but not significantly difference in the yield compared to petroleum et her extract group.
NAT-O2 ANALYSIS OF NON POLAR FRACTION FROM MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF.) BOERL.) FRUIT WITH GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROSCOPY
1
Susilawati, Sabirin Matsjeh, Harno Dwi Pranowo and Chairil Anwar
2
2
2
Student of Doctoral Program, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] Analysis of n-hexane fraction from mahkota dewa fruit had been carried out by using GC -MS. The result of GC separation revealed that n-hexane fraction contains 27 components but only 6 components of fatty acid ester were analysed. Based on the GC-MS library prediction, peak 7 (t R =17 and 4 min) was identified as 2-propenoic acid 3 phenil methyl ester (methyl cinnamate) whereas peak 20 and 23 (t R = 24 and 26.6 min) were known as hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (m ethyl palmitate) and cyclopentanetridecanoic acid methyl ester, respectively. Unfortunately, peak 14, 24 dan 27 were unidentified. Analysis fragmentations were carried out for the 3 compounds that have been successfully identified.
1
165
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
NAT-O3 ISOFLAVANOIDS FROM THE ROOT OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS. PLANT Noviany, Hasnah Osman and Wong Keng Chong School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Two isoflavanoids, 7-hydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyisoflavan (1), and 7,4-dihydroxy-2methoxyisoflavan (2) were isolated from the root of Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. These compounds were the first report on the occurrence of isoflavonoids in this plant. Their structures were established on the basis o f analysis of their spectroscopic data and comparison with known compounds.
HO 8 7 A 6 5 4 6' 5' O 1 C 3 1' B
HO
2 OCH 3 2' 3' 4' OCH 3
8 7 6 5
H O 1 C
4 2 3
H H
1'
A
OCH 3
2' 3'
H
H
6'
B
4' 5'
OH
1
2
NAT-O4 THE INFLUENCE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON NATURAL PRODUCTS IN WAX JAMBU (SYZYZIUM SAMARANGENCES) VAR. JAMBU MADU FRUITS K.M. Moneruzzaman, A.B.M Sharif Hossain, N. Osman and A. Nasrulhaq-Boyce Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur E-mail: [e-mail] A study was carried out to investigate the effects of different types of pla nt growth regulators on the phytochemical properties of wax jambu var. jambu madu (Syzygium samarangense). Selected parameters were estimated immediately after harvest of fruits during the season of January to May 2009. Gibberellic acid (20, 50 and 100 mg/L), NAA & 2, 4-D (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) were applied once a week during flowering until maturation of fruits. It was observed that application of GA 3 100 mg/L increased the total phenolic content and flavonoids by 141 and 195 % than the control treatment. Wit h regard to fruit antioxidant activity via the TEAC and DPPH methods, it was found 28 % higher in the GA 3 treated fruits compared to the control fruits. Results showed that the application of NAA at 10 mg/L increased total phenolics and total flavonoids co ntent in the fruits by 115 and 130 % compared to the control treatment. 10 mg/L 2, 4-D treated fruits increased the phenilics and flavonoids content in the fruits by 100 and 138 % from untreated fruit. The antioxidant activity of the fruit juice via the TEAC and DPPH methods was slightly higher in the NAA and 2, 4-D treated fruits compared to the control. Plant growth subostances has a positive correlation in case of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of fruits. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying 100 mg/L GA 3, 10 mg/L NAA and 2, 4-D once a week results in better natural products of jambu madu fruits under filed conditions.
166
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-O5
23rd-25th June 2010
HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CAESALPINIA DIGYNA AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE INDUCED ACUTE LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS
1
Srinivasan R, Chandrasekar MJN and Nanjan MJ
2
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur-57000, Malaysia 2 TIFAC CORE Herbal Drugs, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund-643001, India E-mail:[e-mail]
Caesalpinia digyna (Family: Leguminosae) is a large, scandent, prickly shrub or climber, growing wild in the scrub forests of the eastern Himalayas. The plant is one of the ingredients of an indigenous formulation, Geriforte, which has been used as daily health tonic. The drug also exhibits antifatigue effect in rats. It is also used in diabetes. Chemical investigations of the plant have shown the presence of caesalpinine A, cellallocinnine, ellagic acid, gallic acid, bergenin, bonducellin, intricatinol and tannins. In our earlier studies, the methanolic extract of Caesalpinia digyna (CDM) root has shown potent in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity. This prompted our interest to carry out the hepatoprotective investigations of CDM. The CDM when administered orally to male albino rats at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 7 days, prior to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment, caused a significant decrease (p <0.001) in the levels of serum aspartate amino transferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and significant increase ( p <0.001) in the levels of total protein (TP) in serum and liver in a dose dependent manner, when compared to CCl 4 treated control. The above results are comparable to the standard, silymarin. These results clearly indicate the strong hepatoprotective property of Caesalpinia digyna root. The study provides a proof for the ethnomedical claims and reported biological activities. The plant has, therefore, very good therapeutic potential.
NAT-O6 ESSENTIAL OILS OF ZINGIBER SPECTABILE GRIFF. AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
1
Yasodha Sivasothy, Halijah Ibrahim, Thong Kwai Lin, Nurul Fitrah and Khalijah Awang Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur E-mail: [e-mail]
1
2
2
2
1
2
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of the leaves and rhizomes of Zingiber spectabile Griff. were analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS. Fifty-six constituents were identified in the leaf and rhizome oils, respectively. The most abundant components in the leaf oil were -caryophyllene (21.3 %) and elemene (12.5 %) while the rhizomes yielded an oil rich in zerumbone (59.1 %). The antibacterial activities of both oils against multidrug resistant strains and food borne pathogens were evaluated by the agar disc diffusion assay technique. The leaf oil was inactive against all tested microorganisms while the rhizome oil exhibited weak activity against Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp. and Salmonella enteritidis.
167
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-O7
SCREENING BIOACTIVE POTENCY AND COMPOUND ISOLATION OF DICHLOROMETHANE EXTRACT OF PARMELIA TINCTORUM (DESPR EX. NYL. HALE)
1
Irma Kartika Kusumaningrum and Wahyudi Priyono Suwarso
2
1
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Malang State University, Indonesia Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Indonesia, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail]
There are many problems about treatment of diseases caused by antibiotic -resistant microorganisms, unpredictable character of cell mutation and difficulties faced by pharmaceutical laboratories in their search for new effective molecules. It is very important to discover tuberculosis and cancer effective drug, because until now mortality caused by tuberculosis and cancer patie nt are high. Screening and isolation of active ingredients from nature is one way to get the new drugs. Anti -tuberculosis activity can be estimated with in vitro anti-tuberculosis test against mycobacterium tuberculosis. Anticancer potency of the plant extract can be estimated with toxicity test against Artemia salina. Lichens, unique plant that is a combination of alga and fungus, constitute important sources for prospecting new bioactive molecules. Group of compound in lichen body can be estimated with sp ecific color test for lichen. In some place, like China and India lichen used intensively as traditional medicine. Many variety of lichen growth in Indonesia and south East Asia region, but until now, havent used intensively as medicine. Lichen Parmotrema tinctorum. is common in south east Asia region. In this paper we present the recent result of our group focus to obtain new active compound from P. tinctorum. In this part, we will report about the result of compound group screening test, dichloromethan e extract bioactivity test as anti tuberculosis against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV and toxicity against Artemia salina, and some compound has been isolated from dichloromethane extract. Result of specific color test showed that pulvinic acid derivative and phenolic group maybe present in hexane and dichloromethane extract, but dichloromethane extract has higher compound concentration than hexane extract. Ethyl acetic and acetone extract have phenolic groups, pulvinic acid derivative, depside and xant hone with two free hydroxyl groups at meta position. The result of bioactivity test of dichloromethane extract showed that, dichloromethane extract has toxic to Artemia salina, but dichloromethane extract has not antituberculosis potency. Three depside has been isolated.
NAT-O8 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS FROM THE RHIZOMES OF HOMALOMENA SAGITTIFOLIA
1
Abdul Hamid, *K.C. Wong and S. Baharuddin
1,
2
1 2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Homalomena sagittifolia Jungh belongs to aracae family. It is an aromatic herb commonly known as kemoyang in Malaysia. It is a small herb found growing in damp, wet and lo w open space in the forest of peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Sumatra and northern Borneo . The folklores regarding the species are rich enough. In Malaysia, the leaves of H. sagittifolia are used as a poultice to cure leg sores. A decoction of the rhizomes and leaves is given to drink for fever. In the village, the leaves are wrapped around heated stones to massage the abdomen of women just after childbirth. This is believed to hasten the contraction of the womb and revitalize blood circulation. Four sesquiterpenoids compounds, oplopanone, 1, 4, 7-trihydroxyeudesmane, 1, 4, 7-trihydroxyeremophilane and 1, 4, 7trihydroxyeremophilane, were isolated from the rhizomes of H. sagittifolia. Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic data interpret ation, mainly 1D, 2D NMR, IR and mass spectrometry.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-O9 NON-VOLATILE ISOLATES OF TWO HETEROPYXIS SPECIES
1,4
23rd-25th June 2010
AMA Mohammed, PH Coombes,
1
1,2
NR Crouch and
1,3
DA Mulholland
2
School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 52099, Berea Road 4007, South Africa 3 Division of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom 4 Department of Chemistry, Alzaeim Alazhari University, P O Box 1432, Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [e-mail]
1
During the course of this study, the genus Heteropyxis was moved, on botanical grounds, from the family Heteropyxidaceae to the Myrtaceae, where it is now the sole genus of the subfamily Psiloxyloideae and it comprises only three species: H. canescens Oliver, H. natalensis Harvey and H. dehniae Susseng. A literature survey of this genus revealed that only essential oils composition has be en studied although H. natalensis is used widely in Zulu traditional medicine as medicinal tea, a drench for stock animals and an aphrodisiac, and to treat impotence. No phytochemical investigation of H. canescens has previously been reported. Although th ere is no ethnobotanical usage recorded for this species, investigation on non-volatile isolates of this species was undertaken to help in the chemotaxonomy of the genus Heteropyxis. Heteropyxis natalensis is used by traditional healers to treat worms in stock, mental disorders and bleeding nose. It is also used during weaning and as a herbal tea. The chemical investigation of the leaves, stems and roots of Heteropyxis canescens afforded fourteen known compounds whereas that of the twigs and the roots of H. natalensis afforded ten known compounds. The current phytochemical investigation of the Psiloxyloideae has not revealed a significant variance from the chemical profile of the Myrtoideae.
NAT-O10 ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SPINASTEROL FROM T HE LEAVES OF MIMUSOPS ELENGI L. Wong Keng Chong, Faheem Amir and Hasnah Osman School of Chemical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Mimusops elengi L, (Sapotaceae) is an evergreen ornamental medium to big sized tree found in the tropical forests spreading from Southeast Asia to northern Australia, typically found in the intertidal zones. Its common names are Spanish cherry in English and Tanjong in Malay. It possesses a number of medicinal uses, the trunk in decoction is used to relieve fever and diarrhea, and soft branches are used as brushes. The bark is used to treat female infertility and possesses antiulcer and antibacterial properties. The roots of the plant with the aid of vinegar ar e used for sore throats. The fruit exhibits antioxidant activity and the seed exhibits antibacterial activity. One steroid has been isolated from the chloroform extract and has been characterized based on its spectral data and is found to be a spinasterol (Stigmasta-7,22-diene-3-ol).
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-O11
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF MALAYSIAN SEA CUCUMBER, STICHOPUS HERMANII EXTRACTS
1
Osama Y. Althunibat, Ridzwan Hashim, Muhammad Taher and Jamaludin Mohd. Daud
1
2
1
Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2 Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Sea cucumber is a marine invertebrate of the phylum Echinodermata and the class Holothuroidea that found on the sea floor worldwide. In Asia, many of sea cucumber species are considered as traditional food items and have been used in treatment of numerous diseases such as eczema, arthritis and hypertension. Previous scientific studies have shown multiple biological activities of sea cucumber species as antinociceptive, antimicrobial and antifungal properties. This study was conduct ed to investigate the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of aqueous and organic extracts from sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii. Two different free radical systems were used to evaluate antioxidant capacity of S. hermanii, stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and linoleic acid free radical mediated -carotene bleaching. In addition, FolinCiocalteau reagent was used to determine the total phenolic contents of the extracts. The inhibitory effects of the extracts on the proliferation of h uman non-small lung carcinoma (A549), cervical cancer cells (C33A) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF 7) were demonstrated by 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Our data showed that the gallic acid equivalent (GAE) of the total phenolic contents in aqueous extract (GAE = 5.24 mg/g) is higher than an organic extract (GAE = 1.49 mg/g). Both extracts showed low capacities in scavenging of DPPH free radical (IC50 > 10 mg/mL). In contrast, both aqueous and organic extracts exhibited potential antioxidant activities by using -carotene bleaching assay, giving antioxidant activities equal to 79.62 and 46.66 % respectively. On the other hand, only an organic extract showed antiproliferative effects against A549, C33A and MCF-7 cancer cells, giving IC50 equal to 17.0, 6.0 and 23.0 g/mL respectively. In conclusion, findings of this study revealed that S. hermanii as a promising source of natural antioxidants and anticancer products.
1
POSTER PRESENTATION (NATURAL PRODUCT)
NAT-P1 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE LEAF OF ALPINIA MUTICA
1
Nor Akmalazura Jani and Hasnah Mohd. Sirat
2
1
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Beting, 72000 Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Alpinia mutica is a perennial herb belonging to the Zingiberaceae family. The n-hexane extract of the dried leaf of this species yielded three compounds, consists of two phenolics and one amide. Their structures were elucidated spectroscopically as 5,6-dehydrokawain, aniba dimer A and auranamide. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the fresh leaf was an alyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. This leaf gave 0.005 % oil with -sesquiphellandrene (13.2 %), -bisabolene (9.0 %) and -cadinene (7.4 %) as the main components.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P2
23rd-25th June 2010
SECONDARY METABOLITIES AND BIOACTIVITY STUDIES OF (Garcinia griffithii)
1
Tara Kamal, Muhhamed Nor, Deny Susanti and Muhhamed Taher
2
3
4
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2 Depatement of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan ,Pahang, Malaysia 3 Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan,Pahang, Malaysia 4 Department ,of Pharmacetical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana,25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Nowadays, researchers are focussing their attention towards folk medicine for developing better drugs against microbial infections. The aim of this study is to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from (Garcinia griffithii T. ANDERS). The plant materials were extracted using solvents with different polarities. The solvent extracts were then tested for antimicrobial activities based on bio-assay guided fractionation technique. It was found that the polar extract, i.e. methanol and ethyl acetate showed the higher antimicrobial activity than hexane extract. The bioa ctive compounds in methanol fraction was isolated by column chromatography on silica gel (70 - 230 mesh) and eluted with chloroform:methanol (8:2). The selected fraction was assayed for antimicrobial activity against four bacteria and two fungal strains using well diffusion method, by indicating the presence of the clear inhibition zones around each disc. However, Research is still in progress to purify the active compound/s from methanol active fractions.
1
NAT-P3 EFFECT OF CHEMICAL COMPONENT ON PARTICLEBOARD PROPERTIES MANUFACTURE FROM OIL PALM TRUNK PARTICLES Nurrohana Ahmad and Jamaludin Kasim Department of Wood Industries, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Pahang 26400, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study was conducted on the Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunk particles to determine the effect of height portion on chemical properties and correlation on board properties. The basic properties determined were based on the TAPPI Standards and the manuf acture of particleboard was conducted following the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). Oil palm trunk particles used in the study was supplied by Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Bangi. Two palms were used for chemical and physical analysis. The average of stem heights was 11.2 m. Discs of 20 mm thick were obtained from the three height portion (bottom, middle and top). Samples from each disc were divided into three zones namely near bark, middle, and near pith. Oil palm trunk particles were produced using a disc flaker and a dust extractor. Single layer particleboard was made using urea formaldehyde resin (60 % solid content). Board properties were tested using the JIS standards as reference. Height portion showed significant effect on the cold water, hot water, alkali soluble and ash content. The highest cold water (26.53 %), hot water soluble (28.04 %), alkali soluble (39.24 %) and ash content (2.73 %) were observed in the top portion with positive correlation with height portion. The lignin and holocellulose content were insignificantly affected by the height portion and board properties. In general, chemical properties of oil palm trunk particle do not affect on the particleboard properties.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P4
EUGENOL: A NATURAL PRODUCT IN CLOVE THAT INHIBITS MYCOTOXIGENIC FUNGI AND MYCOTOXIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN RICE GRAINS K.R.N. Reddy, N.I. Farhana, S.B. Nurdijati, B. Saad and B. Salleh School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Rice grains are colonized by mycotoxigenic fungi at or immediately after harvest. The antifungal component of cloves (Syzygium aromaticum = Eugenia aromaticum ) was isolated, characterized and tested for efficacy against mycelial growth of Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium citrinum and their mycotoxin (aflatoxin B1 and citrinin) biosynthesis. The major component, eugenol was extracted from cloves and identified on TLC plate as dark colored spot with R f 0.5 along with standard. This compound was purified by column chromatography. HPLC of this sample showed the eugenol peak at RT 5.03 minutes with 79.3 % purity. Based on the HPLC results, 1 g of powdered cloves contained 40 mg of 13 eugenol. The proton and C NMR confirmed the identity of eugenol. IR spectru m of this sample showed -1 +1 OH functional group at 3462 cm and the molecular weight was estimated at M/z 165 (m peak) by mass spectrometry, which agreed with the eugenol composition C 10H12O2. For bioautography test, TLC plates were spray inoculated with Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus, A. niger, A. ochraceus and Penicillium citrinum. Eugenol on TLC inhibited mycelial growth of all fungi tested. In agar diffusion tests, eugenol produced inhibition zones ranging from 30 to 55 mm at 4.8 mg/disc depending on the Aspergillus spp. tested and completely inhibited Penicillium citrinum. On rice grains treated with eugenol at 1.8 mg/g and 2.4 mg/g citrinin and aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was completely inhibited.
NAT-P5 BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PREDNISOLONE AS A TOOL FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY REACTION Zaimi M. N., Sadia S., Syed A. A. S. and Weber J.F.F. Institute for the Study of Natural Remedies (iKUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Structural modifications of chemical compounds are tools to study the functional changes in the biological activity groups and chemical properties of the molecules. This may be achieved by biotransformation or green chemistry reactions. Prednisolone is co mmonly used in the treatment of severe asthma, rheumatic disorders, renal disorders and diseases of inflammatory bowel, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. In order to obtain further interesting derivatives of bioactive substances, prednisolone was incubated with various microorganisms namely HAB10R12, NW30, HAB11R3, 11L2, HAB2R1 (endophytes from iKUS collection), T. roseum, A. niger, C. ellegens, R. stolonifer and B. cinerea (ATCC strains). Only T. roseum fermentation broth shows evidence of metabolic changes. Two additional peaks were observed on the extract by HPLC chromatogram when compared with the chromatograms of control and substrate and assumed to be transformed products. These transformed products will be further subjected to spectroscopic technique with 1D and 2D-NMR for structure confirmation.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P6
23rd-25th June 2010
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIX SELECTED MALAYSIAN ULAM Adlina Adnan, Norizan Ahmat, Nur Ainaa Atikah Mohd Nazri and Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Six types of ulam namely Mentha arvensis (mint), Lactuca sativa var capitata(cabbage lettuce), Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (winged bean), Pluchea indica Less. (beluntas), Premna cordifolia (bebuas) and Limnocharis flava L. (paku rawan) were investigated for their antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activity was determined by free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) assay. Besides, TPC were also having been compared between selected plants. All plants were extracted successively with dichloromethane (DCM) and ethanol (EtOH). Winged bean has the highest scavenging activity in both different extracts. The percentage scavenging for DCM and ethanolic extracts of winged bea n were 89.63 and 92.27 % respectively. Total phenolic content (TPC) of each extracts were also determined. Ethanolic extract of Pluchea indica shows highest value of phenolic content. The results show that some ulam possess antioxidant activity and therefore it could be used as a natural preservative ingredient in food and/or pharmaceutical industries.
NAT-P7 ISOLATION OF MINOR BIOACTIVE METABOLITES FROM MALAYSIAN ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI
1
Rasha S.A., Sadia S., Cole A.L.J., Kalavathy R., Munro M.H.G., and Weber J.F.F.
1
2
1
3
1
1
Institute for the Study of Natural Remedies (iKUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand E-mail: [e-mail]
Endophytic Aspergillus HAB10R12 was isolated from Garcinia Scortechinii (Kenondong Krot @ Kandis), collected in a secondary forest in Kuala Pilah. It was shown to contai n notably 5 cytotoxic peptides, for which a patent was applied. The five peptides showed excellent activity against human breast cancer, and colonic carcinoma. Two of the peptides A-3 and A-5 were 4000 times more active when compared with commercial anticancer drugs (fluorouracil, cisplatin and tamoxifen). In order to further develop these compounds, larger quantities are needed. Unfortunately, these peptides are produced in a very small quantity together with a number of non active compounds. For this purp ose (100 units of 20-cm Petri dishes) were inoculated and fermented according to a standardized procedure, by batches of 10 plates each. Each batch was extracted with Ethyl acetate based on our standard operation procedure. Each extract was then subjected to LC-MS/MS technology Triple Quadrapole. The purification of those peptides was carried out using two successive orthogonal separation steps. The first one is a gel filtration process using Preparative HPLC from Japan analytical industry using Polystyren gel column (Polymeric GPC column i.d. 20 X 600 mm) medium pressure, using Chloroform and Tetrahydrofuran as a solvent system with 2.5 mL/min flow rate. The presence of the expected compounds in one of th e fractions was confirmed by LC-MS/MS. The peptides were then fractionated onto an analytical column in HPLC system equipped with a diode-array detector (DAD) and evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD). All analyses and separations were carried out in a reverse phase mode, using a Synergy column (150 4.6 mm, 4 m particle size, Phenomenex , USA with flow rate 1 mL/min) with a guard column filled with the same material. The column temperature was maintained at 36 C. The monitoring of the separation is carried out by both a DAD and an ELSD (as these pe ptides are not much UV-active). A fraction collector connected to the LC system allowed the collection of the pure targeted peptides. Their identity was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and capillary NMR. The additional peptides were also collected and their structure elucidation is in process.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P8
POTENT ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF CURRY LEAF ( MURRAYA KOENIGII L. SPRENG) AGAINST ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT CLINICAL MICROBES
1
Thilahgavani Nagappan, Perumal Ramasamy and Charles Santhanaraju Vairappan
2
1
Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sepangar Bay, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2 Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Se pangar Bay, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Widespread use of antibiotics in clinical medicine is playing a significant role in the emergence of resistant bacteria. The surge of antibiotic resistant microbes cannot be taken li ghtly as they have started to show resistance against vancomycin, which was regarded as the last resort in clinical practice. This has become a strong catalyze in reigniting a frantic search for novel metabolites with potent antimicrobial potential. Hence, we have started the search for antibacterial metabolites with curry leaf, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng as it is consumed and utilized as folk medicine. Evaluation of bioactive compounds in Murraya koenigii L. was studied from the leaves from various state s of Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah. Investigation upon its essential oil via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) reveals the major chemical constituents are -Caryophyllene (19.50 - 26.58 %) and -Humulene (12.65 - 27.31 %). Presence of other finer chemical constituents such as -Selinene (0.57 - 12.21 %), Selinene (3.59 - 6.69 %), Nerolidol (1.89 - 2.79 %), Juniper Camphor (1.51 - 16.46 %), Aromadendrane (0.46 - 1.45 %) and Lavandulyl acetate (0.03 - 1.67 %), was also noted. Distinct profile with variation in chemical constituents according to locality was also noted. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extract of curry leaf were tested via well diffusion assay that resulted in potent positive activity against 1 2 four human pathogenic strains (Pseudomonas aurelis, Escherchia coli , Escherchia coli and Staphalococcus aureus). Profiling of crude extracts via High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) reveals the presence of three major compounds from the Sabah crude extract while five compounds from all the peninsular extracts and it was successfully isolated using HPLC semi -prep system. Currently, the chemical structures of these compounds are b een investigated using NMR techniques to elucidate their possible structure. A HPLC based standardization of its extracts using the identified secondary metabolites as markers are being investigated.
1
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P9
23rd-25th June 2010
NATURAL ANTICANCER AGENTS ISOLATED FROM MALAYSIAN ALPINIA CONCHIGERA GRIFF (ZINGIBERACEAE)
1
Mohamad Nurul Azmi, Lionel In Lian Aun, Ahmad Nazif Aziz, Eswary Thirthagiri, Halijah Ibrahim, 2 1 Noor Hasima Nagoor and Khalijah Awang
2
5
3
4
Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Genetics & Molecular Biology (ISB), Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Cancer Research Initiative Foundation, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, (ISB), Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5 Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Nine natural compounds, Stigmasterol 1, -sitosterol 2, 1S-1-acetoxychavicol acetate 3, trans-pcoumaryl diacetate 4, 1S-1-acetoxyeugenol acetate 5, 1S-1-hydroxychavicol acetate 6, phydroxycinnamyl acetate 7, p- hydroxycinnamaldehyde 8 and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde 9 were isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia conchigera Griff. The structures were established by their NMR spectral data and by comparison of these data those reported in the literature. These six phenylpropanoid compounds (compound 3-8) were tested to MTT cell viability assays to describe the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties on human breast cancer cells (MCF7).
1
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P10
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENTS AND TOXICITY OF LEAVES EXTRACTS OF HIBISCUS ROSA-SINENSIS LINN.
1
Lee Ye San, Boey Peng Lim and Dafaalla M.H. Ali
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 407 Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis is widely used in traditional medicine of Southeast Asia, China and India as laxative, in cough treatment, bronchial catarrh, diarrhoea and fertility control. Recent studies reported that the leaves and flowers exhibit hair growth promoting properties. The last application led us to carry out this study. Fresh and dry leaves were successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Solvents were removed under reduced pressure and the extracts were analyzed for ant ioxidant activity by free radical DPPH scavenging and -carotene bleaching assay, total phenolic contents by Folin-Ciocalteu method and toxicity by brine shrimp lethality test (BST). The ethanol extract of fresh and dry leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and -carotene bleaching assay. The total phenolic contents were ranging from 23.33 - 54.74 mg gallic acid equivalent per 1 g extract. The petroleum ether extract of fresh and dry leaves showed positive response to BST at higher concentration of 1000 g/mL after 12 hrs.
NAT-P11 ISOLATION OF ANTHRAQUINONES FROM PRISMATOMERIS GLABRA Ratni Suriyani, J. Humera Naz, J.F.F. Weber and A. Aishah Institute for the Study of Natural Remedies (iKUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University Technology MARA, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The genus Prismatomeris (Rubiaceae) includes about 29 species growing in tropical areas. Phytochemical studies on this genus showed the presence of iridoids, anthraquinones and triterpen es. A water decoction of the roots of P. fragrans is traditionally used by people in Thailand as tonic. An aqueous extract of the roots of P. malayana was used as an adjunct in dart poison in Malaysia. Antrhaquinones isolated from this species exhibited antiplasmodial, antimycobacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities against BC and NCI-H187 cell lines. P. glabra is used as an energy booster in some parts of Malaysia. Yet, no phytochemical work on has ever been reported for this species. Chemical studies on methanolic extract of this plant led to the isolation of few anthraquinones. The structures 1 13 were determined by spectrometric analysis including H-NMR, C-NMR and MS.
O R1 R2 R3 O R4
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P12
23rd-25th June 2010
HPLC-SCREENING METHOD FOR GENERAL SCREENING OF MICROBIAL METABOLITES FROM MALAYSIAN RAIN FOREST SOIL FUNGI
1
Siti Hajar Sadiran, Jean-Frdric Faizal Weber, Sadia Sultan, Kalavathy Ramasamy and Anthony L.J. Cole Institute for the Study of Natural Remedies (iKUS) and Faculty of Ph armacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Kampus Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia 2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand E-mail: [e-mail]
1
1
1
2
1
A rapid and robust chromatography method to generate chromatographic profile of extracts plays an important role in the discovery of new chemical entities from natural sources. Fractionation and isolation of fungal metabolites was done by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A qualitative HPLC method was developed for multiple-analyte assays and applied for the analysis of some 150 of different fungal extracts. The chromatographic system includes an HPLC Agilent 1200 series system equipped with a diode-array detector (DAD) and a fraction collector fitted with up to 4 deep-well microtitre plates. All analyses and separations are carried out in a reverse phase mode, using a Synergy 4u Hydro-RP 8 0 column (150 4.6 mm, 4 m particle size, Phenomenex , USA) with a guard column filled with the same material. The column temperature is maintained at 36 C. The DAD collects the full UV spectrum (190 to 600 nm) and is set to display the absorbance at the following wavelengths: 220, 254, 280 and 360 nm. The mobile phase consists of purified water (s olvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B). The separations carried out at a flow rate of 1 mL/min with the following elution gradient: 0 min 10 % B, 10 min 46 % B, 14 min 70 % B, and 20 min 100 % B. Aliquots of 10 L of each extract solution (10 mg/mL) are injected in order to record their chromatographic profiles. Then, 30 L of aliquot were injected two times consecutively for preparative purpose. Fractions collected every 0.5 minutes for 25 minutes into the 2 mL 96-deep well plates (polypropylene) and then dried with help of an EZ-2 centrifugal evaporation system (Genevac , UK). The collected dried fractions are then subjected to antimicrobial assays. This non-linear gradient method provides good chromatographic profiles for the different fungal extracts supposed to contain various types of compounds within 30 minutes.
NAT-P13 THE EFFECT OF LIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON THE STABILITY OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT FROM HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.
1
Siti Nuryanti, Sabirin Matsjeh, Chairil Anwar and Tri Joko Raharjo
2
2
2
Student of Doctoral Programme, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah MadaUniversity, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] A research has been conducted to investigate the effect of light and temperature on the stability of anthocyanin pigment from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. was extracted sequentially by n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolacetic acid 1 % solvent. The anthocyanin pigment was detected in methanolacetic acid 1 % extract. The anthocyanin pigment then was examined under various conditions of no light condition, 25 watt of lighting condition, with the temperature of 20 and 30 C. The experiment showed that the fact about the presence of light and the increase of temperature causing the anthocyanin pigment unstable.
1
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P14
POTENTIAL ANTIBACTERIAL COMPOUNDS FROM MALAYSIAN SPONGES NEOPETROSIAEXIGUA
1
Haitham N. Qaralleh, Syed Z. Idid, Shehabudin Saad, Deny Susanti and Muhammad Taher
1
1
1
2
1
Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Istana, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
This study was carried out to isolate the active antibacterial compounds from mari ne sponge Neopetrosiaexigua. Using disc diffusion method, methanol extract of N. exigua showed a significant antibacterial activity. Sequentially, liquid-liquid extraction was performed using different polarity solvents (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water) in order to isolate the active antibacterial compounds. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the higher antimicrobial activity than other solvents. Purificat ion of nbutanol fraction was done by using Sephadex LH-20, normal phase column chromatography (eluted with n-butanol: acetic acid: water (12:3:5)) and Reverse Phase column chromatography (eluted with water/acetonitrile and acetonitrile/methanol) to yield four compounds (1-4). All compounds were tested for their antibacterial activityagainst Bacillus anthracis. The results showed that both compound 3 and 4 exhibited a significant antibacterial activity. Although the spectroscopy (NMR and FTIR) analysis was performed, research is still in progress to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds.
NAT-P15 KAEMPFEROL AND PINORESINOL FROM CUSCUTA CAMPESTRIS YUNCKER
1
Leong Sow Tein, Khalijah Awang, Muhammad Remy Othman and Baki Bakar
1
2
2
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Cuscuta campestris Yuncker (field dodder), a member of the Convolvulaceae family, is an annual obligate stem parasite that twined on other plants and attaches to the above -ground parts of a wide range of host plants. This plant can be found in abandoned area like shrubs and bushes along the roadside. Cuscuta campestris was collected from Johor, Malaysia and dried. 200 g of dried Cuscuta campestris was extracted with ethanol at room temperature and dried with freeze dryer. Separation and purification of chemical compounds were done by using chrom atography method. Identification of chemical compounds in Cuscuta campestris was carried out by TLC, LC-MS and NMR. The structures of kaempferol and pinoresinol were established by the NMR spectral and MS spectral by comparison of these data to the literature value.
Kaempferol
Pinoresinol
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P16
23rd-25th June 2010
INDOLE ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM NEONAUCLEA SP-1 (RUBIACEAE) Norfaizah Osman, Khalijah Awang, A. Hamid A. Hadi and Mat Ropi Mukhtar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Neonauclea sp-1 locally known as bangkal which is belongs to Rubiaceae Family. It is widely distributed at Sabah, Sarawak and Peninular Malaysia, Malaysia and Sulawesi, Indonesia. Samples of Neonauclea sp-1 was collected at Reserve Forest Sg. Tekam, Jerantut, Pahang. A phytochemical study on the leaves of Neonauclea sp-1 has been carried out by using n-hexane, dichoromethane and methanol to extract the alkaloids crude. Dichloromethane crude extract produced three indole alkaloids, i.e harmane, naucledine and cadamine. The isolation and purification of the compounds were achieved by using column chromatography and PTLC te chniques. The structural elucidation was performed by spectroscopic methods such as NMR, LCMS, IR and UV.
NAT-P17 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF FOUR VARIETIES OF FICUS DELTOIDEA D Syazwani, SA Sharipah Ruzaina, A Rohaya, and MZ Mazatulikhma Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Ficus deltoidea or locally known as Mas Cotek is a very common herb found throughout the tropics is available in many varieties. In Malaysia, traditional practitioners use this plant in herbal remedies to treat several illnesses like headache, hypertension, and hyperglycemia which may be related to antioxidant properties of the plant. The objective of the study was to evaluate anti oxidant properties of aqueous extracts of four varieties of Ficus deltoidea namely var angustifolia, deltoidea, intermedia, and kunstleri in order to identify which variety possess the highest antioxidant potential. In this study, the antioxidant of aqueous extract of the leaves and fruits of the four varieties of Ficus deltoidea were evaluated by their DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, total phenolic content (TPC) of the aqueous extracts were also determined by the Folin -Ciocalteau method. The TPC value for the leaves of var intermedia was highest (97.29 mg GAE/100 g extract) compared to other varieties. In the DPPH assay, this variety also showed the highest radical scavenging activity (83.33 %). The results indicated that among the four varieties Ficus deltoidea var intermedia exhibited the strongest antioxidant potential.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P18
ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES OF CRUDE AND FRACTIONATED EXTRACT OF ALPINIA PAHANGENSIS
1
Phang Chung Weng, Sri Nurestri Abd Malek, Halijah Ibrahim and Norhanom Abd Wahab
1
1
2
1
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia 2 Institute of Postgraduate Studies, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Alpinia pahangensis which belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, is a perennial shrubs and grows wild in East Peninsular of Malaysia. In this study, the total phenolic content was determined whilst the antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging a nd the -carotene assays. The cytotoxic activity was determined using spectrophotometric technique, based on the Neutral Red cytotoxicity assay, according to the method of Borenfreund and Puerner and evaluated as IC 50 values. The samples were extracted using methanol and then fractionated with hexane, ethyl acetate and water. The cytotoxic effect of the crude and fractionated extract of Alpinia pahangensis were tested on four cancer cell line namely MCF7 (breast), CaSki (cervical), KB (nasophargeal), HCT -116 (colon) and one normal lung fibroblast cell lines, MRC5. Among the four extracts, the hexane fraction showed the highest cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 5.8 g/mL, 21.9 g/mL, 18.4 g/mL and 8.9 g/mL on KB, MCF7, Caski and HCT-116, respectively. In contrast, the hexane fraction showed the lowest antioxidant activities. This is followed by the ethyl acetate fraction showed a moderate cytotoxic effect with IC 50 of 10.2 g/mL, 50.1 g/mL, 35.2 g/mL and 19.9 g/mL on KB, MCF7, Caski and HCT -116, respectively. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed good antioxidant activity in DPPH assay among all the fractions with IC50 of 0.215 mg/mL and it also showed highest phenolic content in comparison with to all the extract and fractions. However, the ethyl acetate fraction showed less activity as compared with the standards, BHA and Ascorbic acid (0.011 mg/mL and 0.015 mg/mL). Meanwhile, methanol and water extracts of the plants showed no effect against cancer cells with IC 50 > 100 g/mL. However, the methanol extract showed good antioxidant activity in -carotene bleaching assay with antioxidant activity of 66.06 0.63 % at 4 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the extracts from this plant exhibited weak activity against the normal cell line, MRC-5 (44.2 g/mL). The result of this study suggests that Alpinia pahangensis can be further investigated for consumption as antioxidant and treatment for cancer.
NAT-P19 THE CYTOXICITY AND ALKALOID STUDIES OF CATHARANTHUS ROSEUS (APOCYNACEA) LEAVES WITH PROFILING BY LCMS S.H.Tiong, Hazrina Hazni and Khalijah Awang Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The preliminary cytoxicity studies of Catharanthus roseus hexane extract showed about 85, 78, 71, 71 and 62 % cell viability at 80 g/mL for CaSki, HSC 2, MCF 7, HepG 2 and PC -3 cell lines, respectively. The isolation and structural determination of the alkaloid successfully isolated from the hexane crude till now was described. The study afforded vindoline till now and further work is still in progress. The structure was determined by NMR and MS with reference to the literature. The LCMS profile of the hexane extract will also be presented.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P20
23rd-25th June 2010
ALKALOIDS ISOLATED FROM THE BARK OF LITSEA GRANDIS AND LITSEA LANCIFOLIA (LAURACEAE) Syazreen Nadia Sulaiman, Khalijah Awang, A.Hamid A.Hadi and Mat Ropi Mukhtar Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Litsea, a genus belonging to the family of Lauraceae, is widely distributed in tropical Asia, Africa and America. Litsea grandis is a tropical tree that can be found in Hutan Simpan Bukit Berangi, Kedah which locally name as Medang daun lebar meanwhile Litsea lancifolia or locally known as Medang melukut was collected in Hutan Simpan Tembat Ulu Terengganu, Terengganu. Phytochemical studies on the bark of Litsea grandis and Litsea lancifolia have been carried out. The dichloromethane extracts of Litsea grandis and Litsea lancifolia produced eight alkaloids namely laurotetanine(1), reticuline(2), Nmethylisococlaurine(3), boldine(4), norboldine(5), actinodaphnine(6), pallidine(7) and Nallyllaurolitsine(8) respectively. The isolation and purification of the compounds w ere achieved by using CC and PTLC techniques. The structural elucidation was performed by spectral methods namely 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and ESI-TOF-MS.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P21 CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF AGLAIA EXIMA
1
Loong Xe- Min, Khalijah Awang and Khalit Mohamad
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Aglaia exima belongs to Mahogany family (Meliaceae). Genus Aglaia is the largest genus of the subtropical and tropical angiosperm family Meliaceae, widely spread in the Indo - Malaysian region. Typically, the major compounds isolated from this genus are benzo[b]oxepines, bis amides, cyclopenta[b]benzofurans, cyclopenta[b]benzopyrans, lignans, pregnane steroids, sesquiterpenoids, and triterpenoids which have interesting biological activity such as anticancer, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, insecticides. Hence, a phytochemical study on Aglaia exima was conducted. 1 kg of leaves collected from Terengganu was dried and extracted using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol solvent. The hexane crude of Aglaia exima has been studied, a major compound, colorless crystal, was found and identified. It was separated by column chromatography with solvent system hexane and ethyl acetate. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was used to determine its presence of compounds by spraying with vanillin. A blue color spot was revealed after heating. It was then recrystallized by ethyl 1 13 acetate. The structure of this compound was determined by spectroscopic method, H-NMR, C-NMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, and COSY.
Me Me Me
OH
Me OH Me Me
Cycloart-24-ene-3,26-diol
NAT-P22 ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND TOTAL PHENOLIC CONTENT OF LEAF EXTRACT OF RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA H. Imdadul, W. Sani, Arash Rafat, A.B.M. Shariff and Rosna Mat Taha Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The mangroves provide food and wide variety of traditional products and artefacts for the mangrove dwellers. Extracts and chemicals from mangroves are used mainly in folkloric medicine (e. g. bush medicine), as insecticides and piscicides and these practices continue to this day. The present study investigated the antioxidant capacity and total content of phenolic compounds in methanolic, ethanolic and chloroform extracts of leaves of Rhizophora mucronata, locally known as medicinal plant. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluated by free radical scavenging. The Folin Ciocalteu reagent assay was used to estimate the phenolic content of extracts. Methanolic extract showed highest antioxidant potential activity followed by ethanolic and chloroform extracts with DPPH assay. A positive correlation between free radical scavenging capacity and the content of phenolic compounds was found in the leaf extracts of Rhizophora mucronata.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P23
23rd-25th June 2010
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF GONIOTHALAMUS TAPISOIDES Khalijah Awang, Vicky Bihud and Rosalind Kim Pei Theng Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The main objective of this research is to isolate chemical constituents from stem bark of Goniothalamus tapisoides (Annonaceae). The plant material is extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol. Each of the crude is examined for their chemical constituents by us ing TLC. After that, the crude extracted is subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, elute with suitable solvent so that the compounds can be separated and purified. The structural elucidation will be carried out on the pure 1 13 compounds by spectroscopic methods such as H NMR, C NMR, COSY, DEPT, HMBC, HSQC, IR and UV. The dried and milled stem bark of G. tapisoides was defatted with hexane for three days and filtered. The plant material is then air dried and moistened with 25 % ammonia solution and left to soak overnight. After that, the plant material is dried again, followed by extraction with methanol by soaking them in large beakers for 3 days. All filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the extracted crude. Each of the crude is examined for their chemical constituents by using TLC. After that, the crude extracted is subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, elute with suitable solvent so that the compounds can be separated and purified. The fractions collected are groupe d into a series of fraction after monitoring with TLC. Two compounds have been found and identified from dichloromethane crude of G. tapisoides species, which are goniothalamin and pterodondiol. Goniothalamin is styryl lactones while pterodondiol is sesqui terpenes. Preliminary studies on the dichloromethane extract from the stem barks of G. tapisoides has resulted in the isolation and characterization of two pure compounds which are goniothalamin and pterodondiol.
NAT-P24 ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF COMPOUNDS EXTRACTED FROM HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS LINN. THAT PROMOTING HAIR GROWTH
1
Chiang Pui Nyuk, Boey Peng Lim and Dafaalla M.H. Ali
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sudan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 407 Khartoum, Sudan E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn, from the family of Malvaceae, best known as Bunga Raya in Malaysia, had been used as a traditional medicinal plant in Southeast Asia, China and India for a very long time. Various parts of the plant are proven to have medicinal effects such as in cough treatment, bronchial catarrh, diarrhea and also in fertility control. Many research works done on the leaves and flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn. reported that the plant exhibits hair growth promoting properties, in vitro and in vivo. In order to rationalize its use as a hair growth stimulator, the dried leaves of Hibiscus rosasinensis Linn. was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain crude extracts of different solvents. The crude extracts were fractionated using silica gel column chromatography and analyzed by FT-IR, NMR and GC.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia NAT-P25
BIOASSAY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS FROM MESUA ELEGANS
1
Chan Gomathi, Daniel Wong Zin Hua, Habsah Abdul Kadir and Khalijah Awang
2
2
1
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
A study of the bark from Mesua elegans (King) Kosterm was performed. The hexane extract showed potent neuroprotective activity. Thus, the active extract was subjected to chromatographic analysis to purify and detect the possible active components. The TLC of the active hexane extract showed merely 1 one spot at several different solvent systems. However the H NMR analysis of the crude suggested that more than one compound may be present. The hexane extract had been carried forward for the further fractionation steps. The hexane: ethyl acetate 95: 5 fraction of the extract showed the highest neuroprotective activity. Further purification and structural elucidation of compounds were performed on this fraction. Extensive chromatographic analysis have resulted in the isolation of nine prenylated coumarins (which includes compounds 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(2-methylbutanoyl)-6-[(E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6dienyl]-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one 1 and 5,7-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbutanoyl)-6-[(E)-3,7-dimethylocta2,6-dienyl]-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-2-one 2) which shall be discussed briefly in this presentation.
OH
OH
HO O
O
O
HO O
O
O
1
2
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23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (ORGANIC)
ORG-O1 IMPROVED LOW TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES OF 2 -ALKYL 9-HYDROXY-10-ACYLOXYSTEARATE DERIVATIVES Jumat Salimon and Nadia Salih School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Low-temperature properties need improvement before biolubricant oils can receive wider recognition as biodegradable of base oil. In the present work in order to produce oleic acid based biolubricants with good flash and low pour points, epoxidized oleic acid (EOA) was chemically modified. Epoxidized oleic acid was reacted with various fatty acids in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst to give a ring-opened intermediate product. Different alcohols were used to esterify the carboxylic acid groups in the ring-opened products. Some physical properties of each synthesized compound were determined through its pour point, viscosity and flash point values. Furthermore, the chemical structure 1 13 for the synthesized compounds were determined through their FTIR, H-NMR and C-NMR spectra.
ORG-O2 DESIGN, SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL CONDENSED QUINOLINES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS G. K. Nagaraja and Reshma Kayarmar Post-Graduate Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University , Mangalagangothri, Mangalore- 574 199 Karnataka, India E-mail: [e-mail] In recent decades, problems of multi-drug resistant microorganisms have reached on alarming level in many countries around the world. Infections caused by those microorganisms pose a serious challenge to the medical community and the need for an effective therapy has led to a search for novel antimicrobial agents. Quinoline is a heterocyclic base which has attracted the attention of organic chemists for more than 150 years. Quinoline ring system is present both in the natural products and synthetic compounds of biological interest. Quinoline ring fused with five or six member heterocyclic ring containing one or two heteroatoms is also found in the natural products as well as in the synthetic compounds of biological interest. Quinolines and their derivatives are receiving increasing imp ortance due to their wide range of biological activities as anti -malarial, anti-bacterial, anti-asthmatic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet activities. In this paper, the novel synthesis of quinoline five member heterocycles was reported. The reaction of 4-Chloro-1-(2-methylpropyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5c]quinoline with anthranilic acid which in turn cyclise in presence of POCl 3 to get the seven member ring in the target molecule. This is treated with different alkyl halides to get the derivativ es of target 1 molecule. The structure of all the newly synthesized compounds has been established by H NMR, IR, Mass and elemental analysis. The selected compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activities.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O3
METALLATION OF SOLOCHROME CYANINE R USING METALLATED AGENTS TO FORM COMPOUNDS HAVING ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES *Emtithal A. El-Sawi, Tahia. B. Mostafa and Mai A.Osman Chemistry Department, Faculty of Girls for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt E-mail: [e-mail] Metallated solochrome cyanine R compounds were synthesized from the reactions of different metallated agents such as acetoxy Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) derivatives of m -phenylene diamine, benzoic acid, p-amino benzoic acid, anthranilic acid, m-aminophenol also, acetoxy Hg(II) derivatives of phenol and toluene. All the new compounds were detected and found to have antimicrobial activities. The 1 structures were confirmed by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis, H-NMR and mass spectra.
O O S O O HO O H CH3 OH O
O
OH
Co S O
+
OH CH3 O
Co O H3C O HO
OH O HO CH3 O
OH O HO CH3 O
ORG-O4 PROLINE-BASED CHIRAL IONIC LIQUIDS AS AN EFFECTIVE ORGANOCATALYSTS FOR ASYMMETRIC MICHAEL REACTIONS
1
Emmy M. Omar, Allan D. Headley and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
2
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Pu tra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University -Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429-3011, USA E-mail: [e-mail]
Ionic liquid pyrrolidine-based organocatalyst has been developed to be a very effective catalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition reactions involving the addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins. This shown to be efficient as organocatalyst due to it high enantio- and diastereoselectivities obtained. Compared to the addition reaction involving ketones to nitroolefines using the same catalyst, enantioselectivities were slightly lower and could have been due to the lack of bulkiness of the aldehydes to assist in selectivity toward enantiomeric excess (ee). Ionic liquid proline -based sulfonamide organocatalyst has been developed for the asymmetric Michael addition reactions of various aldehydes to nitrostyrenes. Without any additive, the reaction was found to be very effective in giving excellent yields (up to 90 %), shorten time constraint (3 - 5 hours), and high diastereoselectivities (syn/anti ratio up to 95:5). This chiral ionic liquid catalyst has a special ability in the outcome of the asymmetric organocatalyst.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O5
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATIONS, LIQUID CRYSTAL PROPERTIES OF SOME HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AbdulKarim-Talaq Mohammad, Hasnah Osman and Guan-Yeow Yeap School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The new method for the synthesis of 1,3-oxazepine and 1,3-oxazepane from readily available aldehyde and alkyl amine was developed using the Diels-Alder reaction. Their structures were elucidated by physical measurements and the structure determination on these compounds was performed in solid state by FT-IR spectroscopy based on vibrational analysis. Their molecular structures were further 1 13 1 13 ascertained through the H, C NMR spectra along with two-dimensional COSY, NOESY, H - C HMQC and HMBC spectra. The effect of different substituents on thermal and mesomorphic behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polarizing optical microscopy. All compounds possess relatively high phase transition temperatures.
ORG-O6 MICROBIAL TRANSFORMATION AS A TOOL FOR GREEN CHEMISTRY REACT ION ON NATURAL COMPOUNDS Sadia S., Syed A. A. S., Nauman. S., Zaimi N and Weber J.F.F. Institute for the Study of Natural Remedies (iKUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Puncak Alam, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Green chemistry can be defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. In syntheses approach, biotransformation is widely applied to modified chemical compound to another compound for the syntheses of novel or improved drugs. Microbial Biotransformation is an effective tool for the structural modification of bioactive natural and syntheses compounds. Its application in asymmetric is increasing due to its versatility and ease. Biotransformation of mesterolone, norgestrel, carbamezapine, goniothalamin and balanolcarpol was studied by utilized various fungi from endophytes and ATCC culture as a syntheses tool. Balanolcarpol considered as a polyphenol esp ecially made up of a dimer it has been found that balanocarpol exhibits modest HIV inhibitory activity in the antiviral assay on the other hand goniothalamin isolated from Goniothalamus exhibit cytotoxic and antitumor activity. Mesterolone is used to balance the deficiency of androgen formation, which begins to fall gradually with increasing age and it is therefore suitable for the treatment of all conditions caused by deficient endogenous androgen formation. Further anti-inflammatory bioassay studies on mesterolone have shown it to be a safe and effective drug. In view of the foregoing biological activities of above mentioned compounds microbial transformation was carried out in order to obtain new and more potent derivatives of these compounds. 12 selected fungi from Malaysian endophytes and ATCC cultures that were used in prednisolone modification are HAB10R12, NW30, HAB11R3, 11L2, HAB2R1, C albicans, M.plumbus, V.alphadicola, B.cinerea, A.niger, C.elegans, R.stolonifer and mixed cultures of R.stolonifer/C.ellegans. These fungi were maintained and grown in specific media and fermented on an incubated shaker at 85 rpm, 27-29 C. As a result of fermentation of above mentioned compounds, few transformed products are identified with the help of chromatographic and HPLC analysis. These transformed products will be further subjected to advance spectroscopic techniques like 1D and 2D-NMR for structure confirmation.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O7
NEW MUTANTS OF THERMOANAEROBACTER ETHANOLICUS SECONDARY ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF PHENYL-RING-CONTAINING ALCOHOLS
1
Musa M. Musa and Robert S. Phillips
2
1
Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia 2 Chemistry Department, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, USA E-mail: [e-mail]
HS
HR CONH2 Re face O R2 R
1
HS Si face N
HR CONH2 OH (R) R1 R2
OH (S) R1 R2
N ADPR TeSADH (Prelog ADH)
ADPR I86A TeSADH (anti-Prelog ADH)
R1 is more sterically hindered and has higher Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority than R2
In this presentation, an enantioselective reduction of phenyl -ring-containing ketones to yield the corresponding optically active secondary alcohols by using W110A secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus (W110A TeSADH) will be described. The resulting alcohols have S-configuration, in agreement with Prelogs rule, in which the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor transfers its pro-R hydride to the Re face of the ketone. (R)-Alcohols, the anti-Prelog products, were obtained by enantiospecific oxidation of ( S)-alcohols through oxidative kinetic resolution of the rac-alcohols using W110A TeSADH. The asymmetric reduction of benzylic and heteroaryl ketones to the corresponding (R)-alcohols using I86A TeSADH is also described. This single amino acid mutation not only makes the active site of I86A TeSADH able to accommodate more sterically hindered substituents than those accommodated by wild -type TeSADH, but it also reverses the substrate stereospecificity of TeSADH. The aforementioned asymmetric reductions were also achieved by using xerogel-immobilized W110A TeSADH in organic solvents in comparable yields to those obtained using the free enzyme, and, in some cases, with higher enantioselectivities. The use of xerogel encapsulated ADH is a facile method as it allows the reuse of the enzyme, it makes it more stable, and it can affect its enantioselectivity by switching to organic solvents. In an effort to study the performance of ADHs in different reaction media, medium engineering, these transformations were performed in mono and biphasic systems containing either organic solvents or ionic liquids. Both yield and enantioselectivity for these transformations can be controlled by changing the reaction medium. The enzyme showed high tolerance to both water-miscible and -immiscible organic solvents and ionic liquids, which allows biotransformations to be conducted at high substrate concentrations.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O8
23rd-25th June 2010
SELF-ASSEMBLY OF CONICAL DENDRONS INTO SUPRAMOLECULAR HOLLOW SPHERES Mohammad Raziq Al Imam Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Amphiphilic conical dendrons that adopt the shape of a sphere fragment self -assemble into hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers which self-organize into Pm3n cubic lattices. The discovery of the first hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer was made by the rep lacement of the tapered dendron from dendritic dipeptide that self-assemble into helical pores, with its constitutional isomeric conical dendron. This strategy generated a conical dendritic dipeptide that self -assembles into a hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimer. Other examples of hollow spheres were assembled from conical dendrons without a dipeptide at their apex. These are conical dendrons originated from tapered dendrons containing additional benzyl ether groups at their apex. The structural and r etrostructural analysis of the hollow spherical supramolecular dendrimers were accomplished by a combination of X ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron density map and molecular modeling experiments. The functionalization of the apex of the conical dendrons with diethylene glycol receptor allowed the encapsulation of small guest molecules in the core of the hollow sphere. These experiments showed that the hollow spheres function as supramolecular dendritic capsules and therefore, are expected to display functions that are complementary to other related molecular and supramolecular structures.
ORG-O9 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SYNTHETIC JUGLONE DERIVATIVES
1
Daniel Teoh Chuan Tan , Hasnah Osman and Suriyati Mohamad
1
2
1 2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Juglone (1) or 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone is a simple two-ring naphthoquinone which consists of a phenolic and quinonic ring fused together. The antimicrobial activities of juglone (5 -hydroxy-1,4naphthoquinone) has been well studied and reported. Recently, the 7 -methyl natural derivative of juglone, 7-methyljuglone (2) has been identified as the bioactive compound in Euclea natalensis; a South African plant used in the folkloric treatment of chest complications. The antibacterial activities of some known and new synthetic juglone derivatives against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are presented here.
O H 3C O
OH
O
OH
O
(1)
(2)
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O10
SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF SCHIFF BASE ESTERS 4-NALKANOYLOXYBENZYLIDENE-4-IODOANILINES
1,
*Sie-Tiong Ha, Teck-Leong Lee, Kok-Leei Foo, Guan-Yeow Yeap and Peng-Lim Boey
2
2
3
3
1
Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jln Genting Klang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Liquid Crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
A new homologous series of Schiff base esters, 4-n-alkanoyloxybenzylidene-4-iodoanilines (nABIA) possessing even number of carbons (n) at the terminal ester chain have been synthesized and their molecular structures were postulated using elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques including 1 13 FT-IR, H NMR and C NMR and EI-MS. Phase transition temperatures and associated enthalpy changes were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The liquid crystals textures were observed under polarized optical microscope attached with a Mettler hotstage. Compounds nABIA (where n= 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18) exhibited enantiotropic smectic A phases with fan -shaped textures, while 4ABIA is a non-mesogenic compound. The present series were compared with other structurally related compounds to study the structure-liquid crystal property relationship.
N Cn-1H2n-1 COO
I
nABIA where n= 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18
ORG-O11 HYDROLYSIS PROCESS ON PALM OLEIN BASED POLYOL PRODUCTION Darfizzi Derawi and *Jumat Salimon School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Palm olein based polyol (polyol-PO) synthesised from epoxidised palm olein (EPO) which prepared from palm olein (POo). POo was epoxidised by using performic acid (HCOOOH) generated in situ to give EPO. EPO was hydrolysed with distilled water to give polyol -PO with 70 % yield. Both maximum oxirane cleavages recorded through continuous and batch hydrolysis method were catalysed by p erchloric acid 3 % v/wt at 60 minutes. Fourier transformation infra -red (FTIR) spectra showed that the presence of oxirane ring for EPO while the presence of hydroxyl group and the absence of oxirane ring for polyol -PO. 13 1 The C-NMR and H-NMR spectra confirmed that the presence of epoxide profile on EPO while hydroxyl profile on polyol-PO. About 94.7 % of oxirane cleavage for continuous hydrolysis reaction and 95.7 % for batch reaction were recorded.
190
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O12 FUNCTIONALIZATION OF GLYCOLIPIDS WITH MACROCYCLES Karem J. Sabah, Thorsten Heidelberg and Rauzah Hashim
23rd-25th June 2010
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Glycolipids are natural materials with amphiphilic behavior. They hav e been applied as biosurfactants in biomedical applications due to their degradability and biocompatibility. Unfortunately, the solubility of industrial glycolipids in aqueous solutions is insufficient for several applications due to the dominant of the hydrophobic lipid tail over the hydrophilic head group (sugar unit). A strategy to increase the hydrophilicity of glycolipids applies the introduction of ethylene glycol units on the sugar, thus hydrophobic dominating SPAN surfactant have been converted to more hydrophilic TWEEN analogues. Although the approach is currently only applied only for sugar esters, it may be transferred on chemically more stable glycosides as well. However, the introduction of ethylene glycol units is leading to a complex product mixture, which limits the application for life science applications, due to excessive biological testing requirements. Instead of a random introduction of ethylene oxide units, we, therefore, aim for a controlled introduction of a limited number of these groups. This can be achieved by forcing the ethylene oxide into a ring. The result is a macrocycle that includes the base glycolipids. The ability of ethylene oxide based macrocycles to complex metal cations might lead to an additional increasing in hydrophilicity. In order to access glycolipids based macrocycles, the 4 - and 6-hydroxyl groups of alkyl glucoside were temporary protected by a cyclic acetal. The remaining hydroxyl groups were hydroxyethylated. The procedure applies the carboxymethylation of th e free hydroxyl groups, followed by reduction of the carboxylic acid derivative. Finally the diol can be coupled with the ditosylate of an oligo-ethylene glycol to provide the desired macrocycles in reasonable yields. The hydroxyethylation of the initial 4,6-protected glycoside increases the synthetic steps compared to a direct reaction with an ethylene oxide ditosylate, but increases the yield of the macrocycle significantly.
ORG-O13 SYNTHESIS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COUMARIN DERIVATIVES
1
Afsheen Arshad, Hasnah Osman, Chan Kit Lam, Suriyati Muhammad and David S. Larsen
2
1*
2
3
4
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 4 Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Coumarins constitute an important class of naturally occurring compounds found throughout the plant kingdom, while aminothiazol and its derivatives also have pronounced pharmacological activities. An effort is made to synthesize the potential biologically active compounds based on the combination of different substructures in order to increase their biological activity. Coumarin derivatives having aminothiazole moiety 3-(2-(2-benzylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazol-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one were synthesized by Hantzsch reaction of different substituted benzylidene thiosemicarbazides with 3 -(bromoacetyl)coumarin. This study reports the synthesis, characterization and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the above mentioned compounds. Structures of all compounds were elucidated by IR, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and ma ss spectrometry. Antibacterial activity of the coumarin derivatives was evaluated by using Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, while antifungal activity was tested against Candida albicans. The compounds were also investigated for antioxidant activity by using DPPH radical assay.
191
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O14
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND SOL-GEL EXTRACTION OF METAL ION WITH 1[(BROMOMETHYL)(PHENYL)METHYL]-2-(2,4-DINITROPHENYL)HYDRAZINE Norfarhah Abdul Razak, *Abdussalam Salhin Mohamed and Ismail Ab Rahman School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Hydrazone compound, C14H11BrN4O4 have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques (IR, CHN and H NMR). From the X-ray structure, the compound comprises two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. Sol -gel matrix containing physically immobilized hydrazone compound as metal ion sorbent was synthesized for the extraction of several metal-ions. The effect of extraction parameters such as pH, contact time and concentration of metal ion was examined. The sol-gel sorbent shows high selectivity towards copper, silver and iron metal ions.
ORG-O15 THE STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED 02,10 3,8 10,14 DIAZAPENTACYCLO[12.3.1. .0 .0 ]OCTADECA-3(8),4,6 TRIENE-9,15-DIONES WITH THE CREATION OF TWO HETEROCYCLIC RINGS AND FIVE STEREOCENTRES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
1
Raju Suresh Kumar, Hasnah Osman, Aisyah Saad, Subbu Perumal and Mohamed Ashraf Ali and 4 Rusli
1 2
1
2
3
4
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University Madurai 625021, India 4 Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] An expedient, three-component, domino protocol for the synthesis of a series of substitu ted 02,10 3,8 10,14 diazapentacyclo[12.3.1. .0 .0 ]octadeca-3(8),4,6-triene-9,15-diones stereoselectively with the creation of two heterocyclic rings and five stereocentres in good to excellent yields under microwave 1 irradiation is described. The structural characterization of these compounds was made by FTIR, H and 13 C NMR spectrometry.
192
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O16
23rd-25th June 2010
CYTOTOXIC AND ANTI-TUBERCULAR ACTIVITIES OF SOME NOVEL PYRAZOLINE DERIVATIVES
1
Laxmana. K, D. Jagadeesh Prasad, G. V. Suresh Kumar, S. M. Chandrashekar Suresh P Nayak and 1 Boja Poojary
1
1
2
2
1
2
Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri -574199, Karnataka State, India St. Johns College of Pharmacy, Department of medicinal chemistry, Vijanagara, Bangalore, Karnataka State, India-570040 E-mail: [e-mail]
A series of 1-2,3,4-trichlorophenyl-3-(4-aryl)-2-propene-1-ones were prepared by condensing arylaldehydes with 2,3,4-trichloroacetophenone in the presence of Potassium Hydroxide. These Propenones were treated with hydrazine hydrate and formic acid / acetic anhydride to obtain 5 -Aryl-3(2, 3, 4-trichlorophenyl)-pyrazolilne-1-carbaldehyde and 1-Acetyl-5-aryl-3-(2,3,4-trichlorophenyl)1 pyrazoline The structures of newly synthesized compounds are characterized by IR, H-NMR and mass spectroscopic studies and were screened for their Cytotoxic and Anti -TB activities.
Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl
R N N H O H3C N N O
R
ORG-O17 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE INCORPORATED WITH SCHIFFS BASE DERIVATIVES W.S Chiew and Z. Ngaini Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of mono- and hexa- substituted chlorocyclotriphosphazenes bearing 4 -[(4-alkoxy-benzylidene)amino]-phenol with different side chain has been synthesized. A convenient synthetic method was performed from the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazenes with one and six equivalents of 4 -[(4alkoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-phenol. The compounds differ in the length of alkyl groups, CnH2n+1, where n= 10, 12 and 14. The yield percentage for all the compounds is ranging from 30 to 40 %. The 1 13 31 spectroscopic techniques, FTIR, H NMR, C NMR, and P NMR, were employed to characterize the molecular structure.
193
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O18
SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF METHYL- AND ETHYL-2-(3-CINNAMOYLTHIOUREIDO) ACETATE FROM 2-(3-CINNAMOTHIOUREIDO) ACETIC ACID Ibrahim N. Hassan, Bohari M. Yamin and Mohammad Kassim School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Two new cinnamoylthiourea derivatives of glycine namely methyl -2-(3-cinnamoylthioureido)acetate (MCT) and ethyl-2-(3-cinnamoylthioureido)acetate (ECT) have been successfully synthesized. The new compounds were obtained through esterification of the carboxylic acid derivatives by aqueous namely methanol and ethanol in the presence of LaCl3. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance. X -ray crystallographic structures were obtained from single crystals via slow evaporation of the organic solutions of the products. The X -ray structures showed the ester molecules adopted a cis-trans configuration with respect to the position of the glycine moiety and cinnamoyl groups against the S atom across the C-N bonds.
ORG-O19 ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF PALM-BASED ESTERS IN IONIC LIQUIDS
1,*
MBA Rahman, MR Chumati, EA Malek, M Basri and AB Salleh
1
1
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Series of palm-based esters were synthesized namely oleyl laurate, oleyl myristate, oleyl palmitate, oleyl stearate and oleyl oleate in ionic liquids. In this study, a new environmentally friendly method to synthesize palm-based esters will be conducted using two ionic liquids (ILs), one hydrophobic [bmim][PF6] and one hydrophilic [bmim][BF4] in the esterification of oleyl alcohol with fatty acids. Enzyme reactions in organic solvent which is n -hexane system were also carried out to compare the efficiency of ionic liquids for use as reaction media. Both Candida rugosa lipase and Novozyme 435 showed comparable or higher activity in ionic liquids compared to that in n -hexane. Lipase-catalyzed esterification in ionic liquids was futher investigated using fructose and fatty acids. The effect of reaction time, substrate ratio, lipase content, and temperature on the activity and stability of lipase was also studied. The highest yield of sugar ester was obtained in ionic liquid 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Bmim][TfO]) with 73.1 % conversion after 48 hr with 2:1 ratio of fructose over oleic acid, at 60 C.
194
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O20
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES OF SELECTED 2-(2-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRIMIDINE, 2-(2METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRAZINE, 2-(4-METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRIMIDINE AND 2-(4METHOXYPHENOXY)PYRAZINE Shah Bakhtiar Nasir, Zanariah Abdullah and Azizah Mainal Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine, 2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)pyrazine, 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine and 2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)pyrazine were synthesized using 2-chloropyrazine and 2-chloropyrimidine 1 with various of phenolic derivatives. The structures of the derivatives were confirmed using H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, IR and GCMS. The crystal structures of the compounds were confirmed with XRD (Bruker SMART APEX diffractometer). Fluorescence studies in various solvents were carried out and 2 -(4methoxyphenoxy)pyrimidine showed the highest fluorescence intensity in chloroform and 2 -(4methoxyphenoxy)pyrazine showed the lowest fluorescence intensity in ethanol. The symmetrical effect of the structure increased the intensity.
ORG-O21 PREPARATION OF QUINOLINE DERIVATIVES AS POTENTIAL FLUORESCENTS Zainal Abidin Hasan, Zanariah Abdullah and Hairul Anuar Tajuddin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Various quinoline derivatives have been synthesized using 2 -chloroquinoline reacted with primary and secondary amine series containing electron donating and withdrawing groups. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by using spectroscopic methods. The fluorescence characteristics were studied in different organic solvent with same concentration followed by studied in different times. Fluorescence studies show the highest intensity in ethyl acetate, followed by chloroform and ethanol for all compound. Fluorescence peak was also reduced with time due to oxygen quenching effect.
195
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-O22
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CHROMOGENIC RECEPTOR DERIVED FROM ACETONAPHTHOQUINONE AND 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZINE Aisha Khzam, Abdussalam Salhin and Sulaiman Ab Ghani School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The acenaphthoquinone 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone, C18H10N4O5, compound, has been synthesized by the condensation of acenaphthylene-1,2-dione with an acidified solution of 2,4 -dinitrophenylhydrazine in ethanol. The molecular structure of the ligand was confirmed by CHN, FTIR and HNMR spectroscopy. + + + + + 2+ 2+ 2+ The complexation ability of the ligand towards metal ions such as Li , Na , K , Rb , Cs , Mg , Ca , Sr , 2+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + 2+ + 2+ 2+ 2+ Ba , Mn , Fe , Co , Ni Cu , Cu , Zn , Ag , Cd , Hg and Pb has been studied by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The experimental parameters that affect the complexation of the ligand with metal ions, such as effect of solvent, ligand and metal ion concentration were investigated. The results showed that 3+ 2+ 2+ 2+ + 2+ + 2+ the ligand is preferentially to bind with transition metal ions (Fe ,Co , Ni Cu , Cu , Zn , Ag , Cd , 2+ 2+ Hg and Pb ) in DMSO. The addition of these metal ions to the ligand in DMSO shows different absorption (max) and a change in colour could be observed with naked eye.
ORG-O23 SYNTHESIS OF SUGAR-CHALCONES DERIVATIVES VIA FERRIER REARRANGEMENT D.H. Abang Kamaluddin and Z. Ngaini Department of Chemistry, Fac ulty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Preparation of C-glucoside via incorporation of glucose with alcohol has been widely reported. The reaction is commonly involved Ferrier rearrangement. A large number of chalcone has been studied in recent decades mainly due to its numerous biological activities and also liquid crystal properties. In this study, the incorporation of a series of hydroxychalcones onto 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal was performed in the presence of BF3.OEt2 as a catalyst. The series of (E)-3-(4-alkyloxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one bearing C7, C8, C9 and C10 side chains were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt 1 13 condensation reaction. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, H, C and DEPT NMR.
196
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-24
23rd-25th June 2010
ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM FUNGAL TRANSFORMATION Syed Adnan Ali Shah, Sadia Sultan and Jean-Frdric Faizal Weber Institut Kajian Ubat Semulajadi (iKUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Structural transformations using biological agent is relatively a new route in organic synthesis . Such transformations may involve multienzymatic system and led to the changes at the centers that are chemically unreactive. Microorganisms are capable of converting a whole range of organic compounds into their modified derivatives. Most of the fungi ar e known to carry out hydroxylation, side-chain cleavage, dehydrogenation, biodegradation, mineralization and other miscellaneous reactions in vast array of organic molecules. Structural modification by fungi has been extensively applied in the productions of several therapeutically important molecules on commercial scale. A variety of new molecules are now widely used as antibacterial anti -inflammatory, diuretic, anabolic, anti-androgenic, progestational and anticancer agents. Compound 2 and 3 were obtained from fungal transformation of 17-ethynyl steroids, exhibiting a potent inhibitory activity against the -glucosidase enzyme.
18
12 11
1
OH
17 16 15 20
21
10
5
9
H
8
13 14
2
R1 R2
3
H
6
4
7
H
19
CH3 1. R1= R2= C=O, 2. R1= OH, R2= H 3. R1= H, R2= OH
POSTER PRESENTATION (ORGANIC)
ORG-P1 THE FIRST TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF APLYSAMINE 6, AN INHIBITOR OF ISOPRENYLCYSTEINE CARBOXY METHYLTRANSFERASE Nisar Ullah and Khaled M. Arafeh Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] The C-terminal isoprenylcysteine of CaaX proteins motif targets a variety of eukaryotic proteins to a series of post-translational modifications important for their localization and function. With emerging evidence for the importance of Icmt-catalyzed CaaX protein methylation in oncogenesis, the development of Icmt inhibitors is a new approach to find anticancer drugs. In the current studies, the first total synthesis of aplysamine 6, an inhibitor of isoprenylcysteine carboxy methyltransferase (Icmt) was accomplished in an overall high yielding reactions sequence.
197
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P2
SYNTHESIS OF 2,3-DIHYDRO-4-PHENYL-2- (4(PYRIDINE-2YL) PHENYL) BENZO [B] THIAZEPINE Naval, R.M. Department of Chemistry, Jijamata College of Science and Arts, Dnyaneshwarnagar, Bhende.Tal- NewasaDist- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India - 414 605 E-mail: [e-mail] Benzothiazepinesare are well-known for their broad spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities such as calcium channel antagonism, neuroleptic, antipsychotic agent, antidepressant, anticonvulsant and antitumor activity. Due to their immense medicinal importance, there is a never growing demand for the synthesis of new and newer thiazepines. Taking these facts in to consideration, in the present investigation, an attempt was made to synthesize 2,3 -dihydro-4-phenyl-2- (4(pyridine-2yl) phenyl) benzo [b] thiazepine employing environment friendly techniques like ultra -sonication and microwave techniques. 2,3-dihydro-4-phenyl-2- (4(pyridine-2yl) phenyl) benzo [b] thiazepinewas successfully synthesized by treating the chalcone,1-phenyl-3-(4-(pyridine-2-yl)-phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one with 2-amino thiophenol, taken in to a 50 mL beaker with 10 mL gl. acetic acid. The reaction mixture was irradiated inside a microwave oven for 3 to 5 min at an output of 300 watts power, with short interruption of 15 seconds. Progress of reaction was monitored by the TLC. Product was separated by filtration and crystallized from ethanol to afford 2,3-dihydro-4-phenyl-2- (4(pyridine-2yl) phenyl) benzo [b] thiazepine. The compound thus synthesized was characterized using NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy.
ORG-P3 SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHIC BEHAVIOR OF NEW BENZOXAZOLE-BASED LIQUID CRYSTALS
1
*Sie-Tiong Ha, Kok-Leei Foo, Teck-Leong Lee, Guan-Yeow Yeap and Peng-Lim Boey
2
2
3
3
Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia 2 Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jln Genting Klang, Setapak, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Liquid Crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Email: [e-mail] A new homologous series of liquid crystals containing benzoxazole core with even number of carbons (n) at terminal ester chain have been successfully synthesized and isolated. The structure of the title 1 13 compound was postulated using FT-IR, H NMR, C NMR and electron-ionization mass spectroscopic techniques. The phase transition temperatures and associated enthalpy changes were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The textures of mesophases were observed under optical polarizing microscope attached with a Linkam hotstage. All the compounds are enantiotropic liquid crystals exhibiting smectic A phase.
Cl N N O C Cl-n-BZX n = 12, 14, 16, 18 O O Cn-1H2n-1
1
198
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P4
23rd-25th June 2010
SHORT AND EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF GONIOTHALAMIN FROM (3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-2-YL)METHANOL Mazlin Mohideen, Nik-Salmah Nik-Salleh, Suraya Zulkepli, Mohd Zulkefeli Mat Jusoh, Jean-Frdric Faizal Weber and A. F. M. Motiur Rahman iKUS, Faculty of Pharmacy, University Technology MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia. E-mail: [e-mail] Synthesis of Goniothalamin (3 steps) and its derivatives has been synthesized deriv ed from commercially available (3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol. The method is novel, simple and convenient as well as proceeds in good overall yields (37 %). The corresponding aldehyde of (3,4 -dihydro-2H-pyran-2yl)methanol is unstable. Therefore, the reaction mixture was subjected to proton NMR spectroscopy to confirm the presence that aldehyde and reacted for the next step without further purification.
O OH 3 steps R O Goniothalamin O
ORG-P5 STUDY OF TAUTOMERISM IN AZIRINE AND RELATED SYSTEMS: DFT CALCULATIONS IN THE GAS PHASE AND SOLVENT Hossein Tavakol Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran E-mail: [e-mail] Tautomerism interconversions have been mostly investigated by chemists during last centur ies. Recently, study of tautomerism received renewed attention due to its importance on determination of compounds' properties and area of applications. The importance of tautomerism is revealed more since in recent years the investigation about tautomerism has been one of the major topics in theoretical chemistry. In the course of recent studies on the tautomerism of organic compounds, we focused our new research on azirine, dihydroazete, dihydropyrrole and tetrahydropyridine. All of these compounds are N-containing heterocycles with the existence of two tautomeric forms, one is imine form (I) and the other is enamine form (E). In this research, DFT calculations were applied to optimize the structures of azirine, dihydroazete, dihydropyrrole and tetrahydrop yridine tautomers and transition states at B3LYP/6-311++G** and B3LYP/AUG-CC-PVTZ levels of theory. Moreover, solvation effects were calculated in three different solvent (cyclohexane, chloroform and DMSO). From these calculations, important molecular parameters, IR frequencies, and energetic results in the gas phase and solvents were extracted. The results show that, in 3 to 5-membered rings, the imine tautomer is more stable than enamine tautomer and this difference decreases by increasing ring size, but in 6-membered ring, enamine is more stable than imine tautomer. As well as, the barrier energies of tautomerisms are very high and various solvents have a little effect of on kinetic and thermodynamic data. Moreover, frequencies show that by decreasing ring size from 6 to 4-membered ring, the order of endocyclic double bonds decreases, but in 3-membered ring, substantial increasing was observed.
199
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P6
STRUCTURAL MODEL DESIGN OF XANTHONE COMPOUNDS AND ITS APPLICATION AS ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY
1
Amanatie, Jumina, Mustofa, M.Hanafi and Ria Armunanto
1
2
2
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 3 P3K LIPI Serpong Tangerang, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail]
Xanthones and their derivatives have been reported to exhibit inhibitory activities towards plasmodium falciparum. To provide deep insight into the correlation between inhibitory activities and structures of xanthones, linear regression method was employed to establish QSAR models for 16 xanthone derivatives that have diverse structures. The accuracy and predictive power of the proposed QSAR model were verified by semi empiric PM3 method, optimation, and va lidation. The result showed that the best model was model 3.
ORG-P7 SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF SOME MORE NEW 1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4b]THIADIAZOLES AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS- PART I F.M.Aqlan, R.M.Abdel-Rahman and K.O.Al-Footy Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdel-Aziz University, P.O.Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudia Arabia E-mail:[e-mail] Some new 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles (2-9) have been synthesized from the interaction between 4-amino-3-(pyrid-4-yl)-5-mercapto -1,2,4-triazole (1) and ,-bifunctional compounds such as triethylphosphite, trifluroacetamide, cyanamide, isothiocyanate, carbon disulfide and or fluorinated benzaldehyde in different conditions and medium. Structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral data. All the targets obtained were evaluated as anti -inflammatory agents in compared with the standard drug Indomethacin as well as antimicrobial agents.
N Ar N N S Ar N CF 3 N S P N N N
O H 2N C CF3
P(O Et )3
N N N NH 2
N
SH
1
NH 2 C N
i ) Ar 'CH O i i) FeCl3
N Ar N N
N Ar NH NH 2
N
N
N N
S
Ar '
200
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P8
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EVALUATION OF SOME NEW 1,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4b][1,2,4]TRIAZINE AND ,2,4-TRIAZOLO[3,4-b][1,2,3,4]TETRAZINE AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTSPART II F.M.Aqlan, R.M.Abdel-Rahman and K.O.Al-Footy Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdel Aziz University, P.O.Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kigdom of Saudia Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Novel 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazines (11-12) and 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazines derivatives(16-20) have been obtained starting from reaction of 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-amino-5-arylamino1,2,4-triazole(10) and or 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole(15) with ,-bifunctional compounds, chloromethyl diphenylphosphonic acid , phenacyl bromide, pyruvic acid, diethyl oxalate, triethyl phosphite, triethyl orthoformate, fluorinated benzaldehyde, ethyl chloroformate and carbon disulfide in different conditions and medium. Structure of the products has been elucidated from their elemental and spectral data. All targets obtained were evaluated as anti -inflammatory agents in compared with the standared drug Indomethacin, in addition, as well as antimicrobial agents .
N Ar N HN Ph P Ph OH N Ar ' N
N N N
N NH NH2 NH 2
N Ar N N
N N N Ar ' Ar N O Me N P NH N Ar
N
N
N HN NH S
NH NH
ORG-P9 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 5-ACETYL-4- (4'-ALKYLOXYPHENYL)-3-CYANO-6-METHYLPYRIDINE-2-(1H) THIONES Elham A. Al-Taifi and Guan-Yeow Yeap Liquid Crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Science s, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] 4-Alkyloxybenzaldehydes (1) were reacted with 2-cyanothioacetamide (2) to afford 2-cyano-3-(4'alkyloxyphenyl)prop-2-enethioamides (3) which reacted subsequently with acetylacetone to give the corresponding 5-acetyl-4-(4'-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-cyano-6-methylpyridine-2(1H)-thiones (4). The target compounds 5-acetyl-4-(4'-alkyloxyphenyl)-3-cyano-6-methyl-2-alkylthiopyridine have been obtained via alkylation on compound 4 with bromoalkanes. The structure elucidation of thus synthesized heterocyclic 1 13 compounds was based on CHN microanalytical analyses, FTIR and NMR ( H and C).
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P10
CALIXARENES DIMERS AS HOST MOLECULES FOR RECOGNITION OF COENZYMES
1
Banafsheh Gorji, Saeed Taghvaei-Ganjali and Reza Zadmard
1
2
1
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 2 Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [e-mail]
Molecular recognition involves the association of molecules through non-covalent interactions that often called host-guest interactions. These interactions are highly selective, and can be found in many natural complexes such as enzyme-substrate, antibody-antigen. Researchers are concerned about calixarenes with regards to having bowl-shaped molecules and their ability to performing molecular capsules. These capsules can be encapsulated biological guest molecules. Selective recognition of cofactors such as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) due to its role in redox reactions in many biological systems is very important. In this study, a type dimeric-calix[4]arene which can selective bind FAD in aqueous solution was synthesized. In the first part, N,N-bis[23-(5,11,17-tri-tertbutyl-25,26,27,28tetrapropoxy-calix[4]arene)]adipamide was synthesized. The synthesized dimer was soluble in watermethanol (1:1). In the second part, the study and molecular recognition of biological guests from coenzyme category such as FAD, coenzyme-A and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were investigated. For this purpose, the synthesized dimer has been used to study thermodynamic and determination of associate constant Ka. Due to the isoalloxazine ring in the structure of FAD which has a strong fluorescence emission, the fluorescence spectroscopy method has been applied for this project. 5 -1 Results prove that Ka for FAD was more than other coenzymes (2.310 M ) and the synthesized calixarene is able to recognize FAD selectively.
ORG-P11 LIPOPHILIC 2-[(2-CHLOROPHENYL) AND (3-CHLOROPHENYL)] -4-THIAZOLYL -1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES: SYNTHESIS, CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY, AND PROTECTION AGAINST PENTYLENETETRAZOLE-INDUCED SEIZURE
1
A. Samzadeh-Kermani, H. Shafaroodi, R. Miri, M. Vosooghi and *A. Shafiee
1
2
3
4
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Department of Pharmacology, Tehran Medical Unit, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3 Medicinal and Natural products Chemistry Research centre, Shira z University of Medical Sciences, 71345 Shiraz, Iran 4 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14174,Iran E-mail: [e-mail]
2
A series of alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl esters of nifedipine in which the o-nitrophenyl group at position 4 is replaced by 2- [(2-chlorophenyl) and (3-chlorophenyl)]-4-thiazolyl substituent were synthesized and evaluated for their calcium channel antagonist activities usin g isolated ileum of guinea pig. The anticonvulsant activity of test drugs was also assessed in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) -induced seizure in male Naval Medicinal Research Institute (NMRI) mice model. The results showed that although all compounds were at least 100 times less active than the reference drug nifedipine in terms of calcium channel antagonist activity, nevertheless all compounds showed considerable anticonvulsant activity.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P12
23rd-25th June 2010
AN APPROACH FOR STILBENES VIA PALLADIUM-CATALYZED HECK COUPLING OF ARYL HALIDES WITH OLEFINS
1
Munirah Suhaimi, Mohamad Nurul Azmi, Kee Chin Hui, Kartini Ahmad, Noel F. Thomas and 1 Khalijah Awang
1
2
1
3
1
2
Department. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The search of new methods for the construction of organic molecule from simple starting materials is an ongoing challenge for the organic chemist. Palladium-catalyzed reaction of vinyl or aryl halide with alkene (Heck reaction) has been subjected of much attention by organic chemist since it was first discovered by Heck in 1968. In the last two decades, it has rapidly developed into an important methodology for carbon-carbon bond formation. In addition, the Heck reaction has also been successfully applied to the total synthesis of many biologically active natural products. To the best of our knowledge, we reported a general Heck coupling reaction of a resorcinol substituted acetamidostilbene. The uncommon stilbenes, 10-acetamido-3,5-dimethoxystilbene, has been synthesized by Heck coupling 1 13 in three steps. The structures of these stilbenes were unambiguously confirmed by 1D ( H, C) and 2D NMR experiment, (COSY, HMQC, and HMBC).
ORG-P13 A NOVEL WAY TO PREPARE WITTIG REAGENTS UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION AND SYNTHESIS OF HALOGENATED STYRYLLACTONES Nik-Salmah Nik-Salleh, Suraya Zulkepli, Mazlin Mohideen, Mohd Zulkefeli Mat Jusoh, Jean-Frdric Faizal Weber and *A. F. M. Motiur Rahman iKUS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A number of Wittig reagents were synthesized using microwave irradiation and obtained quantitative yields. Various solvent has been applied to obtain high yielded Wittig product and found o tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution at 60 C for 30 min gave quantitative yields. Among them halogenated Witting reagent has been used for the synthesis of styryllactone derivatives. A number of halogenated styryllactone derivatives have been synthesized, a corresponding series of E/Z styryllactone isomers were obtained in good yields, and their biological activities now are in progress.
O X PPh3 MW irradiation 30 min, 60 oC THF PPh3X 2 steps R O
R
R
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P14
SYNTHETIC OF SOME MORE SULFUR COMPOUNDS BEARIN G HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS AS BIOCIDAL AGENTS PART I: SYNTHETIC OF 2-THIOXO THIADIAZINONE DERIVATIVES Mohammed S.T. Makki, Abeer N. Al-Romaizan and *Reda M. Abdel-Rahman Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Some more new Sulfur compounds bearing heterocyclic systems mainly 2 -thioxo-1,3,4-thiadiazinone derivatives 2-7 and or 3-thioxo-1,2,4-triazole derivatives 9 have been synthetic via alkylation, acylation and or condensation of dithioic formic acid hydrazide 1 through ring closure reactions with , -bi functional groups compounds . Most of the obtained target showed a highly activity towards some microbial in compare with two references antibiotics, Pipercillin and Mycostatine. The structures of the products have been established from their elemental and spectral analysis.
CH2Cl CH2Cl S
ClCH2COOH
H2NNH SH
DMF
H N S
1
NH S COOEt COOEt
NaOAc/EtOH
ClCOCH2Cl DMF
Cl COOMe CH COOMe
O
H N S
NH S
7
THF
2
H N O S
O O
H N S
DMF
NH S H N H NH S S
Dry C6H6
NH S
6
O MeOOC
NH2 O Cl O N H S S
3
5
4
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P15
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHETIC OF SOME MORE SULFUR COMPOUNDS BEARING HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS AS BIOCIDAL AGENTS-PART II: SYNTHETIC OF 2-THIOXO THIAZOLE/THIA DIAZOLE AND 3 -THIOXO-1,3,4-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES Mohammed S.T. Makki, Abeer N. Al-Romaizan and *Reda M. Abdel-Rahman Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, 80200 Jeddah, 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Some more new 2-thioxo thiazole , 2-thioxo thiadiazole and 3-thioxo-1,3,4-triazole derivatives 3-17 have been synthesized from ring closure reactions of dithioic formic acid hydrazones 2 with ,-bi functional reagents in different medium . Former structures of the products have been established by the help of elemental and spectral analysis. Most of the obtained targets showed a moderate activity towards some microbial in comparizon with two antibiotics Pipercillin and Mycostatine.
S H2NNH SH R Ar N N H S SH
COOEt COOEt
g
EtOH
2 a-Q
THF
e
S
S R Ar N
H N NH HS
NH S
R Ar
N
N
S O
16
R`= CH3, Ph
H2NCH2CH2OH R`-CONHNH2 EtOH Fusion
Ar`NH2
O
10
Fusion
-H2S
H N N
S R Ar N
NH R S Ar
S
H N
S NH O R Ar N N NH R Ar N N H
S N H Ar`
NH R` N
17
14
13
11 a,b
COOEt COOEt
Fusion -H2O
THF
S S R Ar N N R` H N R N Ar O O N
N
N
Ar`
15
12 a,b
ORG-P16 SYNTHESIS OF PHENOXY BENZIMIDAZOLE: FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES Noor Doha Hassan, Zanariah Abdullah and Hairul Anuar Tajuddin Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of phenoxy benzimidazole was synthesized using 2 -chloromethylbenzimidazole. Phenol, p-cresol and m-cresol, were reacted with 2-chloromethylbenzimidazole to give 2-(phenoxymethyl)benzimidazole, 2-(4-methylphenoxy)metnylbenzimidazole, and 2-(3-methylphenoxy)methylbenzimidazole respectively. The structure of these compounds was 1 13 confirmed by H NMR, C NMR, IR and GC-MS. The fluorescence properties of the compounds in various solvents were studied.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P17
MCM-41-SO3H: A MILD AND EFFICIENT REUSABLE NANOREACTOR, NANOCATALYST FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF AMIDOALKYL NAPHTHOLS UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS
*
Shahnaz Rostamizadeh, Fatemeh Abdollahi and Ali Mohammad Amani
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, P.O.Box:15875-44166, Tehran, Iran E-mail: [e-mail] Nowadays the direction of science and technology has been shifting more towards eco -friendly, natural product resources and reusable catalysts. One of the best-known examples is MCM-41, which is a structurally well-ordered mesoporous material with a narrow pore size distribution between 1.5 and 10 2 1 nm, depending on the surfactant cation and a very high surface area up to 1500 m g . Very recently MCM-41-SO3H has been prepared and used as a Brnsted acid, by our research group for some acid catalyzed reactions. Different procedures for the syntheses of amidoalkyl naphthols have been reported in the literature such as using p-TsOH, Iodine, Montmorillonite K10, K5CoW12O40.3H2O and sulfamic acid. These protocols, however, suffer from some disadvantages such as the use of expensive or highly acidic catalysts, prolonged reaction times and in some cases unsatisfactory yields. D ue to importance of these compounds, the introduction of a milder, faster and more eco -friendly method together with higher product yields is required. We have developed a simple and efficient methodology for the high -yielding synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols by one-pot three-component coupling of -naphthol, aromatic aldehydes and urea or amides in the presence of MCM-41-SO3H as catalyst under the solvent -free conditions. Simple work-up, high yields, short reaction times and using a reusable catalyst are advantages of this new methodology. We believe that the developed procedure can be utilized for large scale eco-friendly preparation of amidoalkyl naphthol derivatives. Scheme 1
Ar OH + A rC H O + R C O N H2
1 2 3
N HC O R OH
MCM-41-SO3H neat, 120C
4
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P18
23rd-25th June 2010
EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLES UNDER SOLVENT-FREE CONDITIONS USING MCM41-SO3H AS A HIGHLY EFFICIENT SULFONIC ACID NANOREACTOR Ali Mohammad Amani, Fatemeh Abdollahi and Mostafa Fatollahi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of sciences, K.N.Toosi University of Technology, P.O.Box:15875-4416; Tehran, Iran E-mail: [e-mail] In recent years more attractive possibilities have emerged by the development of various new silica materials with ordered structure. One of the best -known examples is MCM-41, which is a structurally well-ordered mesoporous material. An additional possibility to develop acidic solids is the modification of the surface of suitable support materials, as the chemical functionalities of these materials can be uniformly modified by covalent anchoring of different organic moieties. In the present work MCM -41 was modified to covalently bonded sulfonic groups on the inside surface of the channels and provide the silica supported material with Brnsted acid properties. While several types of solid sulfonic acids have been created in recent years, there have been only a few reports about their applications as catalyst in chemical transformations. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge there is no report on the use of these materials as nanocatalysts in the synthesis of substituted imidazoles under solvent -free conditions. We have developed a simple and highly efficient practical method for the one -pot synthesis of the substituted imidazoles using the MCM -41-SO3H under solvent-free conditions. The yields of products are very good to excellent and the use of toxic solvents is avoided. Simple work -up and a high degree of MCM-41-SO3H reusability are interesting points of the developed procedure. And we expect to find more applications for this catalytic system in organic synthesis. Scheme 1
N NH4OAc + A rC H O + (PhNH2) MCM-41-SO3H, Neat 100C, 15-35 min N R Ar
O
O
+
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P19
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-MICROBIAL CONSEQUENCE OF DILLENIA INDICA LINN FRUIT
1
M Asheka, MMI Talukder, JMA Hannan and SAM Khairul Bashar
1
1
2
2
1, 2
Maple Leaf International School, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh E-mail: [e-mail]
Dillenia indica Linn, Common names: Elephant-apple, Bangla: Chalta, Syn. P. lanigerum; Family Dilleniaceae) is a more or less deciduous tree growing up to 10 meters or more in height, with a few wide-spreading branches. The fruit, which is made of ripened carpels and enclosed by greatly enlarged and thickened imbricating sepals, is large, somewhat rounded or broadly ovoid, 12.5 to 15 centimeters in diameter, yellowish green, hard and tough. It is very watery, 86.4 % being water, with 10 % of insoluble matter, and very little that is nutritious. The calyces of the fresh ripe fruit have the following composition: Moisture 86.40 %, alcoholic extract 3.00 %, water extract 0.37 %, and insolubles 10.23 %. The fruit is slightly laxative, but is apt. to induce diarrhea, if too freely indulged in. The juice of the fruit, mixed with sugar and water, is used as a cooling beverage in fevers and as a cough mixture, a cooling beverage as also for toning up the nervous system. In the present investigations, the ethanolic extract of Dillenia indica Linn. fruit extracts were subjected to screening for the toxicity in albino rat s and mice. The study with ethanolic extract showed significant results. Extracts demonstrated weak antimicrobial activity against a wide range of Gram -positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. We have carried out pharmacological study by Plethysmo Meter (Anti-inflammatory Tester), Rat Metabolic Case, Hot and Cold Plate respectively. Preliminary phytochemical tests, TLC has also been carrying out.
ORG-P20 SYNTHESIS OF STYRYLLACTONE DERIVATIVES Suraya Zulkepli, Mazlin Mohideen, Nik-Salmah Nik-Salleh, Mohd Zulkefeli Mat Jusoh, Jean-Frdric Faizal Weber and *A. F. M. Motiur Rahman iKUS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of arene phosphonium halides has been synthesized and tested their ability to undergo Wittig coupling reactions in presence of sodium hydride (NaH). A couple of five - and six- membered aldehyde were synthesized and used them for the next step without further purification, most of the aldehydes were not stable, therefore, we have confirmed the presence of aldehyde by proton nuclear magnetic 1 resonance ( H NMR) spectroscopy and reacted with the above mentioned Wittig reagents. Various five and six-membered styryllactone derivatives were synthesized successfully using a new method starting from aldehyde and Wittig reagents. A corresponding series of E/Z styryllactone isomers were obtained in good yields.
PPh3Br O O n = 1,2 R
O
O
R O n = 1,2
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P21
23rd-25th June 2010
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF 5-(ALKOXY)-2-((4 (PHENYLDIAZENYL)PHENYLLIMINO)METHYL)PHENOL AND THEIR COPPER(II) COMPLEXES Boon-Teck Heng and Guan-Yeow Yeap Liquid Crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 1180 0 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A new homologous series of bidentate Schiff base ligands, 5 -(alkoxy)-2-((4(phenyldiazenyl)phenylimino)methyl)phenol and their copper(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1D NMR spectroscopy. The ligands are subsequently reacted with copper(II) acetate monohydrate leading to the formation of copper(II) complexes. Spectrocopy studies have proposed the presence of Cu -O and Cu-N coordination modes in these complexes. The mesomorphic behavior of these compounds was studied by using polarizing optical microscope equipped with a heating and cooling stage. All the ligands and copper(II) complexes in this series are enantiotropic. The ligands with n -octyloxy and n-decyloxy flexible chains are found to exhibit interesting nematic (N) and orthogonal smectic A (SmA) phase, while the complexes showed orthogonal SmA phase only. Besides that, the coordination with copper leads to thermally stable metallomesogens possessing larger mesomorphic range in comparison to that observed for uncoordinated ligands.
ORG-P22 THE EFFECT OF BALAU WOOD EXTRACT ON THE WHITE ROT FUNGI ( Phanerochaete chrysosporium)
1
Iskandar, Ahmad Md. Nor, Abdul Khalil Shawkatali
2
3
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 3 School of Technology Industry, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
2
1
The objective of this research was to study the effect of the balau wood ( Shorea spp.) extract using different solvent with different concentration on the white rot fungi (Phanerochaete chrysosporium). For that purpose 3 solvents were used in sequence to extract the wood that are acetone, pentane and mixture of hexane: acetone: water (HAW) with volume ratio 44:54:2 . Five concentrations of extractive solutions were prepared; consist of 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 1000 ppm. The rubber woods (Hevea brasiliensis) blocks were then treated with the extractive solution and exposed to the white rot fungi for 12 weeks. Data of the percentage of rubber wood weight loss after 12 weeks exposure to the fungi were analyzed using two way ANOVA. The result showed that the use of different solvent did not have significant effect on the percentage of rubber wood weight loss ( P>0.05). However, the use of different extractive concentration gave significant effect ( P<0.05) in which rubber woods treated with 1000 ppm extractive solution showed the lowest percentage weight loss compared to 0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm. The result also showed that the percentage weight loss of the rubber wood blocks treated with balau wood extract were not depend on the solvent and the extractive concentration used. This study indicate that balau wood extract were effective in inhibit the growth of white rot fungi.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia ORG-P23
A FACILE, RAPID SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL HIGHLY FUNCTIONALIZED BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATIONS
1
Natarajan Arumugam, Shafida Abd Hamid, Hasnah Osman and *Aisyah Saad Abdul Rahim
1
2
3
1,
2
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Istana, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 3 School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Benzimidazole nucleus is the key building block for a variety of compounds that play crucial roles in the function of a number of biologically important molecules. In particular, benzimidazole derivatives act as potential anticancer agents. In view of their importance in the field of drug discovery, a series of novel highly functionalized benzimidazole derivatives have been accomplished in four steps by the reaction of ethyl amino butylbenzoate, which was derived from 4 -fluro 3-nitro benzoic acid with various subsituted sodium bisulfite adduct of benzaldehyde under microwave irradiations in good yield. The structure of these compounds was elucidated by IR, NMR and X-ray crystallographic studies.
ORG-P24 SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ISOFLAVONE DERIVATIVES Tze-Nee Chan, Guan-Yeow Yeap and Wan-Sinn Yam Liquid crystal Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] A series of isoflavone derivatives, 7-(4-bromohexyloxy)-3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one has been synthesized and characterized. The title compound was synthesized via acylation between 4 substituted-phenylacetic acid and resorcinol gives the corresponding 1 -(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4substituted-phenyl)ethanone. The intermediate was then cyclized to give 3-(4-substituted-phenyl)-7hydroxy-4H-chromen-4-one. Alkylation of the second intermediate with the 1,6 -dibomohexane yield the 1 desired compound. The structures of intermediates were elucidating through FT - IR and H-NMR spectroscopic techniques.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (PHYSICAL)
PHY-O1 ISOTROPIC AND LIQUID CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOR OF PSEUDO TERNARY PHASE OF PALM KERNEL OIL ESTER, WATER AND NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS SYSTEMS
1
Elrashid S.M., M.H.F.Sakeena, Ghassan Z.A., Muthanna F.A., Munavvar A.S. and Azmin M.N.
1
1
1
1
2
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 Department of Physiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universiti Sains Malays ia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The palm oil is the leading agricultural product of Malaysia. Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) is type of Palm Oil obtained from the palm fruit nut. The PKO is composed mainly of saturated lauric fatty aci d myristic acid and unsaturated oleic acid. Its unique composition makes it versatile in various fields of application. Research bodies in Malaysia, Malaysia Palm Oil Board (MPOB), Palm Oil Research Institute of Malaysia (PORIM) and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) are modied PKO in to Palm Kernel Oils Ester (POEs) having improved properties and new applications The phase behaviors of this PKOEs with blend of low and high HLB blends of nonionic surfactants Tween 80 (T80), Span 80 (S80) with water was studied using water titration method. Various ratios of couple of surfactants T80/S80 in the range of HLB 10.7 to 15.0 was prepared. Mixtures of surfactant/oil were prepared in universal glass bottle at weight. ratios of 19, 1:4, 3:7, 2:3, 1:1, 3:2, 7:3, 4:1 and 9:1. Water was added to the mixture of oil surfactants drop wise and in increment of 5 % using a micropipette. Visual observation, microscopic examination and calculations of the components percentage was recorded after each 5 % addition of water. The visu al observation and the percentage of the components were plotted on a pseudo three phase diagram. The results showed phase behavior rich in water in oil microemulsions (W/O ME) as well as transitional liquid crystalline systems (LC) with high swelling capacity. The transitional LC might have potential uses in topical ocular drug delivery. The resulting systems have liability to solubilize hydrophilic biomolecules which might have potential applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals preparations. PHY-O2 DFT CALCULATIONS OF THE H CHEMICAL SHIFTS AND C CHEMICAL SHIFT, SYNTHESIS ON STERICALLY CONGESTED SOME NEW SCHIFF BASE LIGANDS WITH THIOSOMICARBAZIDE AND THEIR OXO VANADIUM COMPLEXES Hooriye yahyaei, Shahla masoudian and Alireza kazemizadeh Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University- Zanjan Branch, P.O. Box 49195-467, Zanjan, Iran E-mail: hooriye_yahyaei@yahoo This research work describes synthesis and characterization of a new series Schiff base ligands with 1 13 thiosomicarbazide. All the Schiff base were characterized by HNMR, CNMR, FT-IR and elemental 1 13 analysis. The H and C NMR chemical shifts of the (E)-1-(1-pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene thiosemicarbazide and 1-(3-oxo-1-(phenyl amino)butylidene) thiosemicarbazide were determined with the help of full spectral analysis. Also the oxo vanadium complexes compound synthesized and NMR spectroscopies 1 13 and characterized by H NMR, C NMR, FT-IR and elemental analysis. The geometry and electronic structure of the title compounds were investigated at both the ab initio Hartree-Fock and the B3LYP levels with 6-31G(d,p) and 6-31++G(d,p) basis sets. The NMR data were calculated by mean of the GIAO Model. All quantum-chemical calculations, including those of NMR data, were performed by ab initio level HF and DFT methods. Excellent agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was 1 13 1 13 found for the HF level H and C chemical shifts. The parameters of molecular geometry and H and C chemical shift values of the title compounds (I, II) in th e ground state have been calculated and compared with corresponding experimental result.
1 13
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-O3
THE CORROSION RESISTANCE OF ELECTROLESS Cu-P-SiC COMPOSITE COATINGS IN 1 M HCl
1
Soheila Faraji, Afidah Abdul Rahim, Norita Mohamed and Coswald Stephen Sipaut
1
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, P.O. Box 2073, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
The corrosion resistance of the electroless of Cu-P- SiC with Cu-P composite coating is compared by the potentiodynamic polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques in 1 M HCl solution. The composite coatings were deposited via electroless plating with using of sodium hypophoshite (NaH2PO2) as a reducing agent. The coating compositions deposited and surface morphology of the coatings were analysed by using energy dispersive X -ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The Cu-P and Cu-P-SiC composite coatings were determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The study reveals that, the corrosion current density (icorr) and the double layer capacitance (Cdl) values decreased, the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and inhibition of efficiencies (IE %) increased with the incorporation of SiC particles in the Cu-P matrix, indicating the improvement in corrosion resistance. The effects of SiC concentrations on the corrosion resistance were investigated and it was found that the best anti corrosion of Cu-P-SiC is at 5 g/L SiC concentration in the bath formulation. PHY-O4 RING-PUCKERING POTENTIAL ENERGY FUNCTIONS AND VIBRATIONAL REASSIGNMENTS FOR SOME SILACYCLOPENT-3-ENES Abdulaziz A. Al-Saadi Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] The development of quantum chemical applications has recently provided a great help for spectroscopists in resolving some structural ambiguities when studying the molecular spectra of some cyclic silanes. We had utilized ab initio calculations to reinterpret previously reported far infrared spectra of silacyclopent-2-enes, and better assignments of the absorption lines of silacyclopent -2-ene and its 1,1-deuterated isotopomer were proposed. The vibrational spectra of the four -membered ring silacyclobutane and its 1,1-deuterated and 1,1-dihalo derivatives have been also revisited with the help of DFT calculations. In this study and as a continuation of reinvestigating the vibrational spectra of structurally interesting cyclic silanes, the ring -puckering potential energy functions and vibrational spectra of the symmetric five-membered ring silacyclopent-3-ene, its 1,1-d2, 1,1-difluoro and 1,1dichloro derivatives have been studied using standard ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory calculations. We have utilized three density functionals (B95, BLYP and B3LYP) with several basis set to reinvestigate the previously rep orted infrared and Raman spectra of those symmetric cyclic silanes. The ring-puckering potential energy functions of the molecules were calculated and compared with each other. Comprehensive vibrational reassignments of the infrared and Raman spectra were also carried out. The ring-puckering potential energy function for silacyclopent -3-ene as obtained from B3LYP, B95 and MP2 levels turned out to be distinctly different. While silacylopent -3-ene is predicted by these levels of theory to be planar or almost nearly planar in agreement with 4 2 experimental work, the quadratic term contribution in the potential energy function: V(x) = ax bx increases as going from B3LYP to B95 to MP2 levels. The nonplanarity character of the dihalo derivatives were confirmed by the MP4(SDQ) calculations. The B3LYP functional poorly predicted the ring -puckering and ring-twisting frequencies, unlike the case for the B95 functional which gave better values for those two modes in the four molecules. This is due to the fact that the ring-puckering potential energy function predicted by B3LYP calculations is nearly purely quartic.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-O5
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KINETICS OF FATTY ACID LIPOSOME FORMATION IN LIPOSOME-GLYCOLIPID STABILIZED EMULSION SYSTEM M Radziah and M Misni Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The interfacial property of fatty acid surfactant with different chain length was being studied at olive oil water interfaces, below and above their critical vesicle concentrations (CVC). The drop volume method was employed to determine the CVCs, the diffusion coefficient, D, the interfacial tension equilibrium, e, and the surface excesses, . Dynamic surface tension obtained from drop volume was analyzed using the asymptotic solutions of Ward and Tordai equation while the interfacial tension vs concentration was evaluated using Langmuir-Szyszkowski type isotherm. The experiments have shown that the adsorption rates of surfactants were strongly dependent on the length of carbon chain and increases with the increase number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain of molecules. The difference in their D value 0 was in order of magnitude. The values of the standard fre e energy of adsorption (G ads) for all the 0 surfactants are much higher than their standard free energy of vesiculation, (G ves) in which enables us to assume that the vesiculation process is favored over the adsorption process. The increment per -1 -1 methylene group in standard free energy of adsorption is about 1.56 kJ mol and about 1.70 kJ mol in standard free energy of vesiculation. In all chain length of surfactant being studied, the liposome formation will retarded the migration of monomer from bulk solution to the interface. This suggests that kinetics effects are probably beginning to compete with diffusion -controlled transport mechanism.
PHY-O6 SPECTRAL ANALYSIS AND MOLECULAR MODELLING STUDIES OF THEOPHYLLINE/BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN INCLUSION COMPLEXES
1,2
Marina Mokhtar and Rohana Adnan
1
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Theophylline, a drug important analeptic of cardiac muscle and play an important role in relaxing smooth muscle, is slightly water soluble. This study was aimed at improving the solubility of TPH by inclusion complex with beta cyclodextrin (bcd). Different preparati on methods such as physical mixture, kneading, freeze-drying and evaporation have been employed in this study. Different analytical techniques (DSC, FT-IR, TGA, NMR) have been utilized for a throughout investigation of the structural characteristics of such inclusion complexes, which exhibited distinct spectroscopic features and properties from both "guest" and "host" molecules. FT -IR spectra shows some shift especially in hydroxyl stretching which is confirm the interaction between TPH and bcd occurred. Th is complexation is also be investigate by molecular modeling using Gaussian in order to obtain the structure of the complexation with binding energies.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-O7
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF LIPOSOMES FROM COCONUT PHOSPHOLIPIDS: PROSPECT OF UTILIZATION OF COCONUT PHOSPHOLIPIDS AS LIPOSOMES MATERIALS
1,2
D Hudiyanti, TJ Raharjo, Narsito and S Noegrohati
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1
3
1
Department of Chemistry, Gadjah Mada University, Sekip Utara Kotak Pos BLS 21 Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia 2 Department of Chemistry, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH. Semarang Indonesia 3 Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281 Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail]
The use of phospholipids as liposome materials has been widely recognized but only phosphol ipids from soybean and egg that has been used so far. Here we report our study of the preparation and characterization of liposomes from coconut phospholipids (coconut liposomes). In our study the preparation was done by freeze-thawing and followed by extrusion technique. Characterization was done using Cryo-TEM to determined liposomes size and lamellarity while the leakage properties were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy using carboxyflurescence as fluorescence agent. The coconut liposomes obtained were compared to control liposomes obtained from soybean and egg phospholipids. It was established that coconut liposomes have characteristics and properties more or less similar to control. The liposomes size can be as small as 100 nm. After extrusion t hey all form unilamellar liposomes. The leakage investigation showed that after 2 hours the leakage patterns are similar for the three of them. Coconut liposomes leak more entrapped carboxyflurescence, 40 % compare to soybean and egg liposomes, 10 and 12 % respectively. After addition of 30 % cholesterol the coconut liposomes leakage was reduced to 10 % while the others are 5 and 12 % respectively. The leakage data showed that for coconut liposomes the addition of cholesterol reduce the leakage more effect ively than for other liposomes. The results suggest that the prospect of using coconut phospholipids as liposomes materials is promising.
PHY-O8 SIMULATION OF LYOTROPIC GLYCOLIPID BILAYERS IN VARYING WATER CONCENTRATION Vijay Manickam Achari, Thorsten Heidelberg and Rauzah Hashim Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Molecular dynamics simulation has been applied to study the stability of glycolipid bilayers and the structure characteristics of surfactants in lamellar phases in the absence of water as well as at varying water concentrations namely low, intermediate and high. The investigation aims on the prediction of the stability of vesicles from glycolipids based which resemble the l amellar phases. This enables experimental evaluation of the simulation results. About 250 glycolipid molecules were arranged in double bilayer in the absence as well as the presence of up to nearly 5000 water molecules. Since the system is large in term of dimension and number of atoms, all the calculations and analysis were carried out in high performance parallel computers using AMBER suite of programs. The results from this simulation give amongst others, auto correlation function of the surface area per lipid for a total of 100 nano seconds production, which shows that bilayers are stable throughout the simulation period. Further analysis of the area per lipid reveals a slight increase as more water is added, thus indicating a moderate swelling of the lamellar phase. Local density profile analysis confirms the swelling. The hydrogen bonding analysis shows a constant interaction between lipid molecules. This reflects the stability of the lamellar phase within the investigated water concentration range.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-O9
23rd-25th June 2010
ACETYLATION OF GLYCEROL TO SYNTHESISE BIOADDITIVES: CATALYSIS OVER BIMETALLIC AgCu/RICE HUSK SILICA-ALUMINA *Farook Adam and Radhika Thankappan School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The increased usage of biofuels for transportation leads to an overproduction of glycerol, which is the main byproduct (10 %) during biodiesel production. To utilize this renewable feedstock, the use of glycerol-based additives to improve petrol fuel properties is one of the possibilities currently being explored. Among many transformations (hydrogenolysis, oxidation), acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid to yield mono, di and tri acetyl esters of glycerol have great industrial applications (Schem e 1). Acetylation of glycerol with acetic acid was carried out over bimetallic Ag -Cu/rice husk silica-alumina catalysts in liquid-phase. Effect of reaction parameters such as temperature, molar ratio (glycerol:acetic acid) and catalyst weight have also been studied. Mono, di and tri acetins were obtained as the main products. Modified bimetallic catalysts show high selectivity (>80 %) towards di- and triacetins than silica and silica-alumina (~ 30 %). The high conversion rate (>95 %) and selectivity can relate to the improved characteristics of catalysts obtained by template assisted sol -gel preparation. Powder X-ray diffraction of bimetallic catalysts show the formation of crystalline CuO -alumina and Ag phases which inturn seems to improve the catalytic activity.
Scheme 1
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-O10
INTERACTION OF HYDROGEN WITH SURFACE ACID SITES OF MOLYBDENUM OXIDE -ZIRCONIA CATALYST
1
Nurun Najwa Ruslan, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati, Ainul 1 Hakimah Karim and Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah
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2
2
1
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The acidic nature of MoO3-ZrO2 catalyst has been found to have profound effect on catalytic properties. In the present work, the IR results of adsorbed pyridine which were related to effects caused by hydrogen were studied. The generation and elimination of the protonic acid sites in response to the -1 presence and absence of molecular hydrogen were observed by the interchange of band at 1450 cm -1 and 1540 cm . The generation of the protonic acid sites involves disso ciative adsorption of the hydrogen molecule, spillover of the H atom onto the ZrO2 surface, and electron transfer from the H + atom to Lewis acid sites leaving H on the surface. The elimination of the protonic acid sites by + evacuation of molecular hydrogen involves combination of the H with the electron trapped on Lewis acid sites to form an H atom, reverse spillover of the H, and association of atomic H to form H 2 to be desorbed.
POSTER PRESENTATION (PHYSICAL)
PHY-P1 SELECTIVE AND EFFICIENT LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF Cu(II) BY OXINE AS A SPECIFIC CARRIER Olly Norita Tetra, Admin Alif and Zaharasmi Kahar Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] The transport of copper ions from aqueous solutions across a bulk liquid membrane by using 8 -hidroxy quionoline (oxine) dissolved in chloroform has been studied at ambient temperature. Effect of carrier concentration, volume of organic phase, pH of feed phase, type and concentrations of receiving phase, 2+ and time of transport on the flux for Cu across the membrane have been studied, being optimized by -4 the simple method. The transported amount of the copper ions (initial concentrations 3.14 x 10 M) -4 across a chloroform solution of oxine 17.5 x 10 M into the receiving phase H 2SO4 0.15 M was found to 2+ be 97.3 % after 6 hours. The selectivity and efficiency of Cu transport from an aqueous solution 2+ 2+ 2+ 3+ containing other cations, such as Co , Ni , Cd and Fe ions, were investigated. It was found that none 2+ of these cations interfered with Cu transport.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-P2
23rd-25th June 2010
APPLICATION OF CASHEW SHELL AS ACTIVATED CARBON USED AS COATING MATERIAL FOR UREA AND ITS TESTING TOWARD NITROGEN REDUCTION IN UREA Betty Marita Soebrata, Asep Nugraha Ardiwinata and Jayanti Primandini Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia E-mail: [e-mail] Cashew shell (Anacardium occidentale) is agricultural waste that can be used as activated carbon material. Activated carbon from cashew shell, which is physically activated, could comply with the Indonesian Standard (SNI). In this research, degree of nitrogen reduction in urea which was coated with various particle size of activated carbon (60, 80 and 100 mesh) and comparison between activated carbon and urea (30:70, 20:80 and 10:90) were studied. The best result of the coated urea was using of 100 mesh with composition of activated carbon: urea 30:70. The act ivated carbon as a coating material for urea caused the decreasing of evaporation from 0.22 to 0.03 % with efficiency value of 86.36 %. Meanwhile, the amount of nitrogen in urea that dissolved in water after solubility and crac ked tests decreased from 52.99 to 38.10 % with efficiency value of 28.10 %. The volume of percolate decreased together with the increasing of soil amount, the presence of urea coated by activated carbon, and the reaction time. According to the data, the coated urea using activated car bon from cashew shell is effective to increase the efficiency of urea application for agricultural purposes.
PHY-P3 DETERMINATION OF RADON EXHALATION RATES IN SOME COMMERCIAL PHOSPHATE FERTILIZERS D. Al-Eryani and M. Kadi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of King Abdulaziz, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail] Exhalation rates of Rn have been assessed in most commonly used phosphate fertilizers in agricultural activity. CR-39 nuclear track detectors were used to register alpha tracks resulting from emanated radon and its daughter products from the fertilizer samples. Detectors were exposed to radon for three months. Inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine uranium concentration in the samples. Uranium concentrations lie in the range 0.0 44.0 ppm, this range and radon concentrations observed in this study are compared to those observed in other studies in literature. Correlations between concentrations of the two isotopes are a lso examined.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia PHY-P4
SYNTHESIS, FT-IR SPECTRA AND DFT CALCULATIONS ON STERICALLY CONGESTED 2,2 DISUBSTITUTED INDANE-1,3-DIONE DERIVATIVES
1
Seyed Mohammad Shoaei, Ali Reza Kazemizadeh, Ali Ramazani and Soheila Yousefi
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2
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1
Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University- Zanjan Branch, P.O. Box 49195-467, Zanjan, Iran 2 Department of Chemistry, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran E-mail: [e-mail]
Sterically congested 2,2-disubstituted indane-1,3-dione derivatives havebeen synthesized and 1 13 characterized by HNMR, CNMR and FT-IR and elementalanalysis. The B3LYP/HF calculations for computation of FT-IR spectra have beencarried out for the title compounds at the 6 -31G*, 6-31+G** and 6-311++G** basis set levels.Predicted vibrational frequencies have been assigned and compared with experimental FT-IR spectra and they are supported each other.
PHY-P5 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF ESSENTIAL OIL EMULSION Saw, M. M. and Misni, M. Chemistry Department, Faculty Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Essential oils are oils that carry a distinctive characteristic aroma from parts of a plant where it is been extracted. Essential oils have widely been known for its aromatherapy and therap eutic effect on human. A high concentration of Thyme essential oil in emulsion has been formulated using Olive oil as carrier oil and stabilized by glycolipids surfactants such as sucrose stearate, sucrose palmitate and sucrose myristate. Triton X-100 was added into the emulsion system to aid the formation of oil in water emulsion system as it has a higher interaction and compatibility with Thyme oil that mostly consist of phenolic compounds with short hydrocarbon chain. Cetearate -20 was used to increase the viscosity of the emulsion system. The physical properties of the emulsions are evaluated by stability test conducted at 45 C, zeta potential and mean droplet size by means of visual observation using ZetaSizer and polarising microscope respectively. Oscillatory and viscometry studies were carried out on the emulsion samples at temperature of 30 C. Flow curve obtained shows that the emulsions always exhibit shear thinning behaviour and obeys power law. Viscosity, critical strain and elastic modulus magni tude decrease with the decrease lipid chain length of the glycolipid surfactant and increase concentration of Cetearate-20. Decrease in viscosity is mainly due to decrease in emulsion droplet size, while decreased in droplet integrity affects the critical strain and elastic modulus. The emulsions maintain its viscoelasticity even at low viscosity. Frequency sweep data show that elastic modulus (G) dominant over viscous modulus (G) responded through the measured frequency () domain implies that the emulsions exhibit solid like behaviour. The emulsion system containing 0.1 to 0.2 % of Cetearate-20 has better storage stability and higher structural integrity.
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ORAL PRESENTATION (POLYMER)
POLY-O1 NEW STABILIZERS FOR POLYSTYRENE BASED ON 2-THIOACETIC-5-PHENYL-1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE Emad Yousif, Nadia Salih and Jumat Salimon School of Chemical Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The photostabilization of polystyrene (PS) films by 2-thioacetic-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole with Sn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes was investigated. The PS films containing concentration of complexes 0.5 % by weight were produced by the casting method from chloroform solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PS with irradiation time were also tracked (using benzene as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission -6 -6 (cs) of these complexes in PS films was evaluated and found to range between 3.21 10 and 7.4310 . Results obtained showed that the rate of photostabilization of PS in the presence of the additive follows the trend: Ni(L)2 >Cu(L)2 >Zn(L)2 >Cd(L)2 >Sn(L)2. According to the experimental results obtained, several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additives mechanisms were suggested.
POLY-O2 EVALUATION OF IMPACT STRENGTH AND MICRO- HARDNESS OF DENTURE BASE ACRYLIC RESIN (PMMA) PART II
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S. H. Mohamed, T. Ajaal and Alb. M. Al-Jadi
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2
1
Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Arab Medial Benghazi Libya 2 Academic of Postgraduate Studies- Tripoli Libya E-mail: [e-mail]
Poly (methyl methacrylate) is widely used as denture base material. During fabrication of a denture, the physical and mechanical properties influence by cure condition. Each cure cycle or fabrication technique is attempts to optimize the properties for a given application. The aim of this study was to compare two types of commercially available denture base materials (heat-cure and self-cure) in their mechanical properties. The samples were prepared according to the daily routine work for sample preparation in dental laboratories. After reaching dough stage the mix packed into dumbbell shaped of stainless steel mould and pressed in a hydraulic bench press for 25mins at room temperature. For heat cure the polymerization cycle carried out using water bath, while self cure done at room temperature. The impact strength was evaluated using Charpy impact test. The hardness test was conducted using a calibrated Vickers hardness tester machine. The lowest impact 2 strength was observed in self-cure denture base material (self cure material 6.2 kJ/m while heat 2 cure 12.69 kJ/m ). It is appears that the tendency of heat cure to fracture was lower than self-cure denture base materials. Heat cure denture base material has significantly higher hardness test values than self-cure denture base material. The observed VHN value of the heat -cure was 20.09 g/mm while, the self-cure value was 12.7 g/mm. This is may be due to the plasticizer effect of residual monomer which was higher in self curing material as reported in previous work. Generally, the heat cure material showed better properties compared to self cur e material.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O3
THE FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED STUDY ON THE CONFIGURATION AND UNSATURATION OF POLYBUTADIENE POLYMERIC CHAIN
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Ali Parsa, Zohreh Doroudi, Ramin M.A. Tehrani and Sulaiman Ab Ghani
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1
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Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shahre Rey Branch, Tehran, Iran School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
The objective of this study was to determine the percentages of cis, trans and vinyl formation in the polymeric chains of polybutadiene by FTIR spectrophotometer. All absorption peaks in the mid -range -1 -1 -1 IR (400 4000 cm ) have been investigated. In particular, peaks at frequencies of 966 cm , 912 cm -1 and 735 cm which were designated for quantitative analysis of the respective trans, vinyl and cis. Peak -1 area in the frequencies range of 833 635 cm have been used to prepare calibration plots for the cis -1 isomer and the results obtained were compared with those obtained from the analysis at 735 cm . The effects of type of solvents used towards the calibration curves have also been studied.
POLY-O4 A STUDY OF ROLE OF pH AND ITS FUZZIFICATION IN PHENOL REMOVAL IN WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES
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Khokhar, ZH, Al-Harthi, MA., Aburraheem A. and Shawabkeh RA
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Department of Chemical Engineering, KFUPM, Dhahran -31261, Saudi Arabia 2 RI, KFUPM, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [e-mail]
In this paper, a focused study is presented of the work done in the field of phenol removal in waste treatment processes in recent years and discussed the highly important parameter which is found to be the pH. Therefore, it is tried to concentrate the literature review and studies around pH. It is noted that phenol is made of 'ph' and 'enol' and is defined as an organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom, which in turn is doubly bonded to another carbon atom. pH is found to be a controlling factor. Fuzzy logic approach is applied to model results of a case study selecting time and temperature with pH for biosorption capacity of phenol. It is also found that the approach is good to further expand the study for more parameters and for more studies.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O5
23rd-25th June 2010
TREATED CHITOSAN FILLED POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES ON THERMAL PROPERTIES A Faisal, H Salmah and H Kamarudin School of Material Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The usage of chitosan as a filler on thermal properties of polypropylene composites was investi gated. The study on thermal properties of composites was carried out via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Two types of chitosan were used in this study, untreated and treated. Chitosan treatment wa s conducted through reaction with 3aminopropyltriethoxysilane (3-APE), in order to obtain chitosan with less hydrophilic. The results show that thermal stability and transition glass temperature (Tg) of composites improved by the increasing of filler content, however degree of crystallinity ( Xc) and activation energy (Ea) decreased and melting temperature (Tm) not changed. The presence of 3 -APE has improved thermal properties, as results the thermal stability, Tg, Xc and Ea of treated composites were higher than untreated ones, but Tm not changed significantly. FTIR study revealed that the decrease in peak intensity as well as the shift to -1 -1 lower frequency for 1673 to 1602 cm and the increase absorbance for 1420 to 1458 cm as evidence that silane has been bonded to chitosan and enhanced interfacial adhesion between chitosan and polypropylene matrix polymer.
POLY-O6 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER FILM BASED ON POLYVINYL ALCOHOL AND RAMBUTAN WASTE FLOUR Z.X. Ooi, H Ismail, A Abu Bakar and N A Aziz School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In the present study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and rambutan waste flour (RWF) containing different blend ratio of rambutan waste flour were prepared using solution casting method. The solution cast films were dried, followed by tensile testing. The tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increase in rambutan waste flour content. However, the tensile modulus was increased with increasing the rambutan waste flour content. The morphology of the PVOH/rambutan waste flour blends film was studied using optical microscopy (OM). It was found that the PVOH/rambutan waste flour blends film become darker with increasing of RWF content due to agglomeration of rambutan waste flour granules, which reduced tensile strength of PVOH/rambutan waste flour blends. It was also found that a high percentage of water uptakes was obtained afte r 24 hours immersion and increased with increase in rambutan waste flour content. This was attributed to the hydrophilic nature of the PVOH and rambutan waste flour.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O7
MECHANICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SWELLING PROPERTIES OF HALLOYSITE NANOTUBES (HNTs) FILLED NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES S. Siti Zuliana, I. Hanafi and A. Zulkifli School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) filled natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites with various filler loading (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr) were prepared by using an external mixer, two roll mills. The mechanical properties of HNTs/NR nanocomposites were tested by using Instron Testing Machine. The optimum tensile strength of NR/HNTs nanocomposites is obtained at 20 phr of HNTs. then the tensile strength decreased gradually at higher HNTs loading but still higher than NR gum compound. When HNT loading increased, the elongations of break (Eb) of HNTs/NR nanocomposites was decreased while stress at 100 and 300 % elongation (M100 and M300) showed vice versa. The same trend as modulus property was obtained for swelling test, the solvent uptake by rubber nanocomposites after immersion i n toluene for 72 hours. The characterization of tensile fracture surface of sample is done by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images proved that HNTs show good dispersion in NR matrix which verified the good result for tensile strength of HNTs/NR nanocomposites for 20 phr of HNT while at higher filler loading, the voids and agglomeration were formed which caused the reduction of tensile strength.
POLY-O8 CURE CHARACTERISTICS, TENSILE PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS Nabil Hayeemasae, H. Ismail and A. A. Rashid School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The recycled polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET) was utilized as a filler in natural rubber (SMR L) compounds. The effect of filler concentration range of 0 to 40 phr on cure characteristics, tensile properties, rubber-filler interaction and morphological properties were observed. The results indicated the maximum torque (MH), torque difference (MH -ML), scorch time (ts2) and cure time (t90) of natural rubber compounds were gradually increased with increasing filler loading. This mig ht be associated to the filler related parameter such as high surface area, low moisture content and low metal oxide content. Increment in R-PET gives natural rubber compounds increased the tensile modulus at 100 % strain (M100) and 300 % strain (M300) of natural rubber compounds. Tensile strength and elongation at break showed the decreased trend. The rubber-filler interaction of SMR L increased with increasing RPET loading. This might be due to the poor interaction between R -PET and SMR L. The morphologi cal properties of vulcanizates exhibited the detachment of R-PET particles and more agglomeration was observed with increasing loading of R-PET.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O9
23rd-25th June 2010
EFFECT OF SHORT GLASS FIBRE (SGF) CONTENT AND A SILANE COUPLING AGENT ON PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE/ WASTE TYRE DUST/ SHORT GLASS FIBRE (PP/WTD/SGF) COMPOSITES Z. Zainal and H. Ismail School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The effect of short glass fibre (SGF) content and the incorporation of a silane coupling agent aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (-APS) on the tensile properties, morphology and thermal behaviour of polypropylene/ waste tyre dust/ short glass fibre (PP/WTD/SGF) composites were investigated. Two series of composites with various compositions were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer 0 Haake Rheomix Polydrive R 600/610 at 180 C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that that tensile strength and elongation at break, Eb decrease with increasing SGF content. On the other hand, Youngs modulus increases as SGF content increases. From the morphological observation, the composites with higher SGF content shows poorer interfacial adhesion between SGF and PP/WTD matrix than that of lower SGF content. The thermal stability increase as the SGF increased. Nevertheless, the presence of a silane coupling agent, -APS in PP/WTD/SGF composites has improved the tensile properties except elongation at break. The SEM studies have confirmed the improved fibre-matrix interaction in PP/WTD/SGF (-APS) composites while the thermal stability was also improved due to the presence of -APS coupling agent.
POLY-O10 WASTE TIRE RUBBER PARTICLES USING TO IMPROVE THE PROPERTIES OF LOCAL ASPHALT CONCRETE Abdulali B. Ben Saleh Department of Chemistry, 7 October University, Misurata, Libya E-mail: [e-mail] The research considered urgent ecological reasons linked to environment such as worn tires, the waste tire rubber's powder was collected from the tire cars repair shops (passed from the sieve No 18 m), and used to improve the asphalt concrete properties. Raw materials used were prepared and tested. Varies of asphalt concrete mixtures were prepared with different ra tios of bitumen (5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 7.0 % of concrete weight). The Marshall mix design method was used to determine optimum conditions for bitumen in asphalt concrete with specific weight, stability and flow test, the optimum amount of bitumen was 6.1 % of whole asphalt concrete. The different percentages of waste tire rubber powder (0.0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 % of bitumen weight) were added in optimum bitumen of asphalt concretes, then specific weight and Marshall test were evaluated. These asphalt -rubber mixtures were found to act quite differently from traditional, unmodified asphalt mixture s. However, these results indicate that improved pavement performance can be achieved with asphalt-rubber binder.
th
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O11
EFFECT OF PARAMETERS ON DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SOLUBLE POLYURETHANE BINDER
1
N. R Yusuf, K. Jain and C. S. Sipaut
1
2
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Beg Berkunci No. 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Self-polishing copolymer paints (SPC) based on soluble binder have been known for the most successful anti-fouling paint for the prevention of marine biofoulings. In this research, the synthesis and development of water-soluble binder based on polyurethane were studied. Isophorone Diisocyanate -1 (IPDI) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weight ranging from 1000 to 1500 g mol was used as a based monomer in the formation of polyurethane binder. The ratio between IPDI: PEG, and its concentration as well as the processing parameters such as temperature and time reaction were varied. All samples were characterized using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), gas permeation chromatography (GPC), viscosity, solubility test, drying observation and adhesion test are varied. The solubility test showed the higher molecular weight of PEG and decrease of sample viscosity, the more polyurethane samples soluble in water system. The TGA analysis for the solid polyurethane samples showed small amount of water remained in the samples that cause the formation of some air bubbles during the coating.
POLY-O12 FRACTURE PROPERTIES OF THERMAL CURED EPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OIL S.G. Tan and *W.S. Chow School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Epoxidized soybean oil was successfully thermal cured in the presence of catalyst (at concentration 0.3 0.7 phr). The fracture behaviour of this bio-epoxy was characterized using the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and essential work of fracture (EWF). It was determined that the fracture toughness (KIC) and specific essential work of fracture ( we) of the bio-epoxy increased with catalyst loading whereas the specific plastic fracture work (wp) of the epoxy system showed the reverse trend. Also, it was found that there was a direct relationship between the crack length to width ratio ( a/W ratio) and the fracture toughness. Specimen geometry plays an important role in influencing the fracture toughness of the bio-epoxy. LEFM is valid for brittle specimen which fails in catastrophic manner whereas EWF is only used for the specimen which exhibits plastic deformation before fracture.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O13
23rd-25th June 2010
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF ORGANO-MONTMORILLONITE FILLED VIRGIN- AND RECYCLEDPOLY(ETHYLENE TEREPHATHALATE) S. R. Lim and *W. S. Chow School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In this research, both virgin and recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (i.e. vPET and rPET) containing 3 to 9 wt % organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) were melt-compounded using twin-screw extrusion technique followed by injection molding. The thermal properties of the PET/OMMT nanocomposite were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the melting temperature (Tm) of both vPET and rPET did not alter by the addition of OMMT. However, both vPET and rPET nanocomposites revealed a decrease in degree of crystallinity and a slightly increase in crystallization temperature compared with the respective neat matrix. This indicated that the presence of OMMT in the PET matrix would retard the growth of spherulites. On the other hand, the thermal stability of both the vPET and rPET (e.g. T 50, T75 and Td) showed no significant changes with the incorporation of OMMT. However the T25 of vPET increased by 10 % with the incorporation of 9 wt % clay which is attributed to the formation of thermal insulating char layer during decomposition.
POLY-O14 ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADABLE LLDPE/SOYA POWDER BLENDS Sam Sung Ting, Hanafi Ismail and Zulkifli Ahmad School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Petroleum based polymer linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) was blended with protein based natural polymer, soya powder. The blends have been compatibilised by epoxidised natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR 50). Tensile properties, surface morphology and weight loss weathered samples were investigated as function of weath ering time. The outdoor exposure time was last for 1 year. Tensile strength and elongation at break (EB) of both uncompatibilised and compatibilised blends reduced as a result of thermal oxidation, moisture effect and biodegradation. The increment of the modulus after exposure was due to the embrittlement effect. It is interesting that the retention of the tensile strength and EB of compatibilised blends was lower than uncompatibilised blends after weathering test. The weight loss of the compatibilised blen ds was higher than uncompatibilised blends after weathering. The morphology from SEM also indicated the leaching effect and biodegradation of compatibilised blends was more obvious.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O15
THE INFLUENCE OF FIBER SURFACE TREATMENT ON WATER ABSORPTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF KENAF-POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITES N.M Ahmad Khairuddin and *R. Mat Taib School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, 14300 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Fiber surface treatment like dewaxing, alkali treatment and acetylation were performed on kenaf fibers in order to improve the mechanical properties of kenaf-polypropylene composites. The effect of fiber surface treatment on water absorption and mechanical properties of kenaf -polypropylene composites have been investigated. The matrix and fiber contents were 70 and 30 % by weight. 5 wt % maleated polypropylene (MAPP) was also added as the compatibilizer agent. Mixing process was performed in an internal mixer. Composites were prepared by using compression moulding and ASTM standard tensile test specimens were cut out of the sheets. Water absorption was carried out by immersing specimens in distilled water at room temperature for 45 days. The process of water absorption was found to follow the kinetics and mechanisms described by Ficks theory. The diffusion coefficient of moi sture absorption was obtained for composites by measuring water uptake of specimens at regular time intervals. A decrease in tensile properties of the composites was demonstrated showing a great loss in mechanical properties of the water saturated samples compared to the dry samples which are control samples. Fiber surface treatment was found to affect the water uptake of the composite. Among the treated composites, the lowest water uptake was observed for composites with alkali+acetylation treated fibers. The addition of MAPP also improves the mechanical properties and keeps low water absorption values . The surface morphology and fractured surface of kenaf fibers reinforced polypropylene composites were monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies.
POLY-O16 THE USE OF CHROMIUM-IRON MIXED-METAL COMPLEXES FOR POLYMERIZATION OF ETHYLENE
1
Che Ibrahim Abdullah, Mohd Jamil Maah and Aishah Mohd Jelan
1
2
2
Jabatan Kimia, Fakulti sains, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Pusat Asasi Sains Universiti Malaya, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
A series of trioxonuclear complexes have been synthesized and characterized by IR, TGA, X -ray crystallography. The complexes in combination of aluminium dieth yl chloride can be used as ZieglerNatta catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene. Catalytic properties studies were conducted to determine the effect of the chromium and iron on catalytic activity of the complexes. The complexes obtained have been characterized by IR, TGA and DSC.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O17
23rd-25th June 2010
PROCESSING AND PROPERTIES OF ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE FOAM FILLED WITH WASTE FOAMS
1
H. A. Halim,
2,*
C. S. Sipaut and M. N. Mohamad Ibrahim
1
2
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, locked bag 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Polyurethane (PU) and polyolefin foam is one of the most commonly used material s in the world today in many different applications ranging from house hold and medical product to advance engineering products but it caused serious disposal problems. Recycling process or development of product waste at various techniques has been introduce however it still have room for improve or creating new product from waste foams. In this research, PU and ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) waste foam is use as filler in EVA foam production. The blending process was conducted at 110 C using two roll mill. Different foaming techniques were performed using single stage and heat and chill process. Waste foam concentration was varied up to 30 % by weight of original EVA. Physical, mechanical and morphological properties of filled foam were studied. Single stage (direct expansion) process produce foams with homogeneous expansion, smooth surface finish and thicker foam as compare with heat and chill process. The density and compression strength of foam increases as the percentage of PU waste foam increased. However, EVA/EVA waste foams showed a different result, where the addition of EVA waste foam does not give significant affect on the density and compression strength compare to the original EVA foams.
POLY-O18 CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL WITH THE EXPLOITATION OF POLYANILINE STABILIZED BY NCETYL-N,N,N TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE Mohammad Rashid, *Afidah Abdul Rahim and Mohd Jain Noordin School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] In this article, we studied the corrosion efficiency of polyaniline, prepared by N -Cetyl-N,N,N trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant-based polymer using electrochemical polymerization technique. The anti-corrosion studies of polyaniline nanofilm deposited on mild steel exposed to acidic medium were performed by potentiodynamic polarization, polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and compared with the performance of aniline monomer. It has been found that surfactant-stabilized polyaniline nanofilm deposited on the mild steel has manifested the higher corrosion inhibition efficiency than the monomer, whereas the monomer accelerated the rate of corrosion. The structural characterization of polyaniline was studied by FTIR and UV -vis spectroscopy. -1 The FTIR spectrum of the polymer showed the major absorption peak at 1576 cm is attributed to -1 nitrogen-quinoid (Q) ring structure and peak observed at 1495 cm corresponds to benzenoid(B) -1 structure. The C-N stretching band of amine appears at 1373 and 1297 cm for quinoid-benzenoid-1 quinoid and benzenoid-quinoid-benzenoid, respectively. The characteristic band at 818 cm is observed -1 as a single band in polyaniline. A broad and weak peak at 3200 cm is assigned to the free N-H stretching. In UV-vis spectrum, it showed the characteristic absorption peaks at 325 nm and 603 nm assigned to - * transition in the benzenoid ring and the donor -acceptor interaction of quinoid ring, respectively.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-O19
THE POTENTIAL OF ACRYLATED UV CURABLE EPOXIDIZED NATURAL OIL AS NEW SUSTAINABLE EPOXY Munirah Onn, Ahmad Faiza Mohd and Rahmah Mohammed Polymer Technology Programme, University Technology Mara, Shah Alam, 40450 Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Natural oil was employed as raw material in our study to synthesize epoxidize oil which has potential to replace conventional epoxy system. The natural oil has been synthesized using peroxoformic acid for the epoxidation process and copolymerized with active diluents to find the best for mulation. Samples were cured by exposing them to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation and characterization of resins was conducted by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). All samples can be cured but different compositions shows different cure rate. Thermal degradation of the natural oil, epoxidizes oil and acrylated oil were found to begin degradation and has maximum decompositions at a range of temperature occur between 400 - 450 C. Hardness, gel content, tensile strength and chemical resistances properties were strongly dependence to the amount of acrylate functionality in oligomer.
POLY-O20 OPTIMIZING CELL STRUCTURE OF EPOXIDIZED RUBBER FOAMS BY VARYING BINARY ACCELERATOR SYSTEM
1
N. N. Najib , Z. M. Ariff, A. A. Bakar and C. S. Sipaut
1
1
2
1
School of Material and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Sabah, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Foam final properties are largely affected by its cell characteristics such as size and structure, open or close nature and base materials. Variation in foams cell size can be obtained by altering the accelerator concentration in sulphur vulcanization system. In this study, amount of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) and benzothiazyl-2-cyclohexyl-sulphenamida (CBS) was varied to change the network crosslink density. The compounds were prepared using two-roll mill and then expanded via heat transfer foaming process using compression molding and air-circulating oven. The result showed that foam with high CBS concentration has largest average cell size and lower cross link density. CBS prolong scorch and curing time thus allows cell to grow further. Attempts were made to relate physical properties and cure characteristics of the foam with its mechanical properties.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
POSTER PRESENTATION (POLYMER)
POLY-P1 IMPROVED PVC FILMS PHOTOSTABILITY IN PRESENCE OF SOME DIORGANOTIN(IV) COMPLEXES Hadeel Adil and Emad Yousif Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al -Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: [e-mail] The photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films by Some Diorganotin(IV) Complexes of benzamidoacetic acid. The PVC films containing concentration of complexes 0.5 % by weight were produced by the same casting method from THF solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were also tracked (using THF as a solvent). According to the experimental results obtained, several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. HCl scavenging, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additives mechanisms were suggested.
POLY-P2 PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES FROM HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE AND KENAF CORE FILLERS A. Ashraf Rohaniza and M.T. Razaina School of Materiasl and Mineral Resources, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Wood plastic composites have been used in applications such as nonstructural or semi - structural building products. The objective of this res earch was to investigate the potential of kenaf core fillers as fillers in making wood plastic composites. Effect of filler loading, incorporation of coupling agent and water absorption on the mechanical properties of composites made from kenaf core fill ers and recycled high density polyethylene (HDPE) were investigated. Kenaf core fillers were compounded with recycled HDPE by using twin-screw extruder. Filler weight fractions were 0, 20, 40 and 60 %. Maleated Polyethylene (MAPE) as coupling agent was ad ded into the composite formulations and compared with composite system without MAPE. Tensile strength, elongation at break and impact resistance were reduced while tensile modulus was increased with increasing filler loading. The percentage of water uptake also increased with increasing fillers loading. Incorporating of MAPE into composites increased mechanical properties and reduced the percentage of water uptake. Composites with kenaf core fillers showed lower mechanical properties and absorbed more water as compared to composite with the commonly used natural filler, wood flour.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-P3
THE MELT FLOW BEHAVIOUR LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (LDPE)/ PALM KERNEL SHELLS (PKS) COMPOSITES Lim Bee Ying, Salmah Husseinsyah and Teh Pei Leng School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibah, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The melt flow behavior of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/palm kernel shell composites was studied. The composites were prepared and the melt flow indices were determined under temperature of 190, 200 and 210 C using melt flow indexer. In this study, the effect of temperature and filler loading on the melt behavior of composites were determined. The apparent viscosity of the composite was found to exhibit linear relationship with reciprocal of the temperature. The increase of filler loading led to the decreasing of melt flow index as the viscosity of the composites increased. POLY-P4 COCONUT SHELL POWDER FILLED POLYESTER COMPOSITES: A STUDY ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Marliza Mostapha@Zakaria, Salmah Husseinsyah and Teh Pei Ling Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibah, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Natural lignocellulosics have an outstanding potential as reinforcement in thermosets. Coconut shell (CS) is one of natural lignocellulosic material. The tensile and flexural properties of Polyester/CS composites were studied. Polyester composites are prepared by inco rporating coconut shell at different content. A catalyst, butanox M60 was used to initiate the polymerization reaction. The results showed that tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural modulus and flexural strength of the composites increased with the increased of the filler content while break elongation of the composites decreased with the increased of the filler content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that increased in filler content have increased the tendency of filler-matrix interaction.
POLY-P5 THE EFFECT OF BLEND RATIO ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE/CHLOROPRENE THERMOPLASTIC ELATOMERS B Azra, H Salmah, and D Yusrina School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Taman Muhibah, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) were prepared from polymer blends of Chloroprene rubber (CR) and recycled polypropylene (RPP). The effects of blend ratio on mechanical properties and morpho logical characteristics of the blends were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity were decreased in increasing of blend ratio. However the elongation at break was increased. These tensile properties are quite proved by scanning electron microscopy of tensile fractured surfaces. The micrograph SEM showed the Chloroprene -recycled polypropylene has less interfacial interaction.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-P6
23rd-25th June 2010
DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES (PSAs) FROM NATURAL RUBBER LATEX MM Siti Fatimah, SN Gan and Y Rosiyah Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Environmental friendly products have becomes increasingly important in recent years. This project is environmental concerns and new developments in adhesive technology to create safe systems that reduce the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this project, we made pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) directly from latex by using palm oil-based polyester as tackifier resin. Firstly, the alkyd resin was synthesized under fatty acid process by employing fusion cook technique. Three different oil length of alkyd resin namely alk-45, alk-47 and alk-65 were prepared and characterized by FTIR, NMR, TGA, GPC and DSC instruments. Then, the alkyds were converted into stable emulsion through emulsion inversion point method (EIP). Next, rheology test was carried out to characterize the properties of the emulsion. Water-based PSAs were prepared by blending alkyd emulsion with natural rubber latex in different ratios, where the water act as a carrier is evaporated through the air or diffused into the porous substrate. Finally, the blends were coated onto a corona -treated polypropylene with wet adhesives thickness of 12.5 m. The viscoelasticity behavior of the blends was study by Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). Subsequently, peel test, shear strength and adhesive weight per unit area of the PSA tapes were determined. The tests were done accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
POLY-P7 EFFECT OF POLYETHYLENE-GRAFT-MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (PE-G-MAH) AS COMPATIBILIZER ON TENSILE PROPERTIES, SWELLING BEHAVIOUR AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE/NATURAL RUBBER/WATER HYACINTH FIBER (EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES) COMPOSITES S.J. Tan, Supri and P.L. The Division of Polymer Engineering, School of Materials Engineering, Universit i Malaysia Perlis, UniMAP, 02600, Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Composites materials based on cellulose fibers as reinforcing elements in low density polyethylene and natural rubber matrix were prepared and characterized in terms of mechanical performances, morphological and swelling behaviour. Cellulose obtained from water hyacinth fibers were incorporated into the matrices and the effect of the different filler loading of water hyacinth fibers and polyethylene graft-maleic anhydride as compatibilizer were investigated. The compatibilizer is the additive that added to a blend of immiscible polymers to modify their interfaces and stabilizes the blend. Moreover, water hyacinth fibers act as fillers which are added to a polymer matrix in a relatively large amount to modify its properties and to reduce the price of the resulting compound . The composite with filler loading at 20 phr has the highest tensile strength while filler loading at 25 phr decrease tensile strength. Besides that, the presence of compatibilizer helped increase the tensile strength and Youngs modulus for the same filler loading. The molar sorption decreased with the increasing of filler loading and the lowest molar sorption is 0.314 which is the composites with compatibilizer and the filler loading at 25 phr. The SEM morphology show that presence of compatibilizer improved in the filler matrix-interfacial bonding, better dispersion of the filler in the blend composites.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-P8
GENERATION OF PROTONIC ACID SITES FROM HYDROGEN OVER TUNGSTEN-ZIRCONIA CATALYST
1
Ainul Hakimah Karim, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzlillah, 1 1 Nurun Najwa Ruslan and Sharifah Najiha Timmiati
1*
2
1
1
Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engine ering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Generation of protonic acid sites from hydrogen over tungsten -zirconia catalyst with different tungsten loading (5, 10, 13, 15, 20 wt %) was studied. The WO3-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation of Zr(OH)4 with ammonium metatungstate complex solution, followed by calcination at 1093 K in air for 3 h. Protonic acid sites were generated with a concomitant decrease of Lewis acid sites by heating an d contact with hydrogen. A maximum conversion of Lewis acid sites to the protonic acid sites was found on the sample with 13 wt % tungsten loading. This phenomenon is caused by the presence of monolayer dispersion of tungsten on the zirconia support.
POLY-P9 THE USE OF HYDROXYLIZED CASTOR OIL AND METHYLENE DIISOCYANATE IN POLYURETHANE MEMBRANE PREPARATION
1
Marlina, Hizir Sofyan and Sitti Saleha
2
1
2
Chemistry Department, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam-Banda Aceh Mathematics Department, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam-Banda Aceh E-mail: [e-mail]
1
Hydroxylized castor oil is made from commercial Jatropha oil by hydroxylation process, carried out using water in acid condition with a variation of sulphuric acid concentration from 0 to 35 % (v/v). This work aim to obtain more hydroxyl groups (-OH) in castor oil, so there was more reaction between oil and MDI, and hope a dense membrane would be produced. The optimum conditition showed that iodine number of 68 g/g and hydroxyl number of 161.7 mg/g at acid concentration of 35 % (v/v), these properties different from original oil. Analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy indicated that the oil -1 components had a broad absorption of hydroxyl group at wave number 3100 to 3300 cm . To obtain an optimum performance of membrane in reverse osmosis application, so monomer composition, temperature and time of polymerization process were varied. From this step, PU membrane with a o composition of MDI and hydroxylized castor oil 1.6: 5.0 (w/v) at temperature 190 C and time 24 hours had an optimum properties. The characteristics of membrane were as follows: complete polymerization o o reaction, glass transition temperature of 285 C; decomposition temperature of 530 C, and tensile 2 strength 140.8 kgf/mm . Application of PU membrane with optimum performance on brackish water 2 2 desalination at 20 kgf/cm showed that a flux of 18 L/m h and a rejection coefficient of 26 %. Membrane had homogenous and smooth morphology before and after reverse osmosis application.
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3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-P10
23rd-25th June 2010
MECHANICAL, THERMAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY/GLASS FIBER/PRECIPITATED NANO CALCIUM CARBONATE HYBRID COMPOSITES N.H Mohd. Zulfli and *W.S Chow School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engin eering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This study was carried out to evaluate the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of epoxy/glass fiber/precipitated nano-calcium carbonate (PNCC) hybrid nanocomposites. The PNCC (2-8 wt %) was incorporated into diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (epoxy)/cycloaliphatic amine (curing agent) using sonication technique followed by mechanical stirring. The epoxy/curing agent/PNCC mixture was impregnated into chopped strand mat glass fiber (4 layers) using hand-lay up process. The mechanical properties of the epoxy hybrid nanocomposites were characterized using three -point bending flexural and fracture toughness tests. The fractured surface morphology of the epoxy/glass fiber/PNCC nanocomposites was examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The thermal properties and stability of the nanocomposites was investigated using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). It was found that the flexural properties and fracture toughness of the epoxy hybrid nanocomposites was improved in the presence of nano-calcium carbonate, attributed to the ultra -fine particles size of the PNCC and its homogenous dispersion. However, TGA results show that the thermal stability o f the epoxy hybrid nanocomposites was reduced by the PNCC, which may related to the decomposition of the surface modifier on the PNCC. From the FESEM micrographs, it was found that the fracture morphology and behavior of the epoxy hybrid composites (e.g. fiber pull-out, debonding of fiber) was influenced by the PNCC loading.
POLY-P11 EFFECTS OF OXIDIZED POLYETHYLENE AS A COMPATIBILIZER ON THE TENSILE PROPERTIES OF HDPE/SOYA PROTEIN/KENAF CORE COMPOSITES A. Hamid Abdullah, H. Ismail and A. Abu Bakar School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] HDPE/soya protein/kenaf core composites were prepared by incorporation of kenaf core powder at different loadings into HDPE/soya protein composite with an internal mixer (Haake PolyLab) for 12 min at 180 C and 50 rpm rotor speed. A compatibilizer oxidized polyethylene (OXPE) was used to improve the matrix-filler interaction and the tensile properties of t he composites. The results indicated that tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing filler loading whereas tensile modulus exhibited an increasing trend. The matrix -filler interactions of the composites at the interface decreased with increasing filler loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the tensile fractured surfaces of the composites showed that the presence of OXPE enhanced the interfacial interaction of the kenaf core filler and HDPE/soya protein matrix. The presence of OXPE also enhanced the tensile properties of the composites.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia POLY-P12
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-COATED SILICA NANOPARTICLES - A POTENTIAL SUPPORT FOR HETEROGENOUS CATALYST A. Haghighizadeh, *M. Abu Bakar, S. Ab Ghani and N.H.H. Abu Bakar Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] This work is concerned about synthesizing heterogenous catalyst with the system of dual supports. Th us silica coated by chitosan has been chosen as the supports due to good thermal and chemical stability . Silica nanoparticles were synthesized via stber method. The effect of surfactant towards the average size and dispersity of silica particles were studied. Although the average size of particles synthesized with surfactant is larger (72.04 6.42 nm), but it provide better dispersity compared to without surfactant (59.66 7.27 nm). The silica particles were then coated with chitosan by using three types o f deposition agents viz aq NaOH/MeOH and NaOH/Acetone. The average size and dispersity of silica particles then obtained are quite similar which are 67.70 7.54, 65.91 5.59 and 65.54 9.75 nm, respectively. However the coated shell was clearly seen by using NaOH/MeOH. FTIR analysis was used to study the interactions between chitosan and silica.
234
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
ORAL PRESENTATION (OTHER)
OTH-O1 PARAMETRIC STUDY FOR THE GROWTH OF CARBON NANOTUBES FROM METHANE VIA FLOATING CATALYST CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION TECHNIQUE IN A HORIZONTAL REACTOR
1
Mehrnoush Khavarian, Siang-Piao Chai, Soon Huat Tan and Abdul Rahman Mohamed
2
1
1*
1
School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia 2 School of Engineering, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
The growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from methane via Floating Catalyst Chemical Vapor Deposition (FC-CVD) technique using iron -chloride(III) (FeCl3) is reported in the current study. This process produces high yield and high purity CNTs at cost -effective manner. FeCl3 was found to be an efficient FC precursor to decompose methane into CNTs. The effects of different process parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time and gases flow rate on the morphology of CNTs were investigated. The morphology of the carbon layers deposited on the quartz wall was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, energy dispersive X -ray (EDX) was employed to study the quality of the CNT samples, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for the yield of CNTs and the graphitization of CNTs wall structure was investigated by Raman spectroscopy.
OTH-O2 EFFECT OF VARING LEVELS OF N-6: N-3 FATTY ACID RATIO ON PLASMA FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND PROSTANOID SYNTHESIS IN PREGNANT RATS A.B. Amira , A.B.Z.Zuki, Y.M. Goh and M.M.Norrdin Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The effect of dietary fats with varying levels of n-6: n-3 fatty acid ratio was studied in twenty eight female tow month old Sprague Dawely Rats, were randomly divided into four groups (seven rats per treatment). Treatment diets were rat chow only control diet (con), rat chow containing 0.9 mL soybean oil (SO) + 0.9 mL cod liver oil (CLO) /15 g/ rat the ratio 1:1, rat chow added with CLO + 1.5 mL SO + 0 .3 mL /15 g/rat the ratio 6:1 and rat chow added with 1.74 mL SO + 0.06 mL CLO / 15 g/rat the ratio 30:1, feeds of 15g/day were given and water was available ad libitum. Pregnant rats were killed 15 days post mating and blood samples were taken. Rat plasma were analyzed for fatty acid profile s pecifly the % n3:n6. In addition, prostaglandin F2 and E2 were also analayzed. The n-3 PUFA fatty acids profile of plasma after 8 week trial were significantly higher in rats fed cod liver oil than in those fed soybean oil, while the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio was significantly lower in plasma of rats fed cod liver oil than in those fed soybean oil. The total n-6 PUFA was significantly higher in rats fed soybean oil than in rats fed cod liver oil. Total PGF2 and PGE2 were higher in rats fed soybean oil comp ared to those fed cod liver oil, especially with higher levels of soybean oil. Higher levels of soybean oil in the diet appear to increase arachidonic acid and prostaglandins synthesis in plasma of rats. In the plasma a significant positive correlation was observed between arachidonic acid and prostaglandin synthesis. The n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio significantly affected plasma fatty acids profile and prostaglandin synthesis in pregnant rat.
235
23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia OTH-O3
SELF-ASSEMBLY FORMATION OF PALM-BASED ESTERS NANO-EMULSION: A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS STUDY
1,2
Mohd. Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Qiu-Yi Huan, Bimo A. Tejo, Mahiran Basri, Abu Bakar Salleh 3 and Raja Noor Zaliha Abdul Rahman
2
2
2
3
1 2
Structural Biology Research Center, Malaysia Genome Institute, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor , Malaysia Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail]
Palm-oil esters (POEs) are unsaturated and non-ionic esters that can be prepared by enzymatic synthesis from palm oil. Their nano-emulsion properties possess great potential to act as drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery system. A ratio of 75:5:20 (water/POEs/Span20) was chosen from homogenous region in the phase diagram of our previous experimental work to undergo molecular dynamics simulation. A 15 ns molecular dynamics simulation of nano -emulsion system (water/POEs/Span20) was carried out using OPLS-AA force field. The aggregations of the oil and surfactant molecules were observed throughout the simulation. After 8 ns of simulation, the molecules start to aggregate to form one spherical micelle where the POEs molecules are surrounded by the nonionic surfactant (Span20) molecules with an average size of 4.2 0.05 nm. The size of the micelle and the ability of palm-based nano-emulsion to self-assemble suggest that this nano-emulsion can potentially use in transdermal drug delivery system.
OTH-O4 EFFECTS OF XYLOPIA FERRUGINEA EXTRACT ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF MILD STEEL IN 1 M HYDROCHLORIC ACID Wan Elyn Amira Wan Adnan, Afidah Abdul Rahim and Hasnah Osman School of Chemical Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] The leaves of Xylopia ferrunginea was extracted with methanol followed by n-hexane and chloroform. The efficiency of different solvent extracts as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1 M HCl was studied by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The results showed that Xylopia ferrunginea could serve as effective green inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl. The effectiveness as corrosion inhibitors is in the order of chloroform >n-hexane >methanol extracts. From the results obtained, the inhibition efficiency increased with inhibitor concentrations for all extracts. Potentiodynamic polarization studies clearly revealed that all extracts behaved as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption of the inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeyed the Langmuirs adsorption isotherm.
236
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia
23rd-25th June 2010
POSTER PRESENTATION (OTHER)
OTH-P1 OPTIMIZATION OF LIPASE-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF ETHYL VALERATE, A GREEN APPLE FLAVOR USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
1
MR Salina, M Syamsul Kamar, O Siti Salhah, AR Mohd Basyaruddin and MN Hanina
1
1
2
1
Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2 Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Ethyl valerate, a green apple flavor is short-chain ester with fruity notes is widely used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Traditionally, flavor esters are produced by chemical method or extracted by natural sources. However, with the steadily growing demand for natural flavor compounds, the biosynthesis of such esters by lipase under mild condition s has been receiving much attention for producing these valuable products. In this study, enzymatic synthesis of ethyl valerate in solvent free system, was successfully optimized via Response surface method (RSM) based on 5 -level, 4-variable of Central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The parameters were reaction time (30 - 60 min); reaction temperature (30 - 60 C); amount of enzyme (10 - 25 %, w/w) and shaking speed (50 - 150 rpm). The optimum condition derived via RSM for the reaction was reaction time of 48 min, reaction temperature of 30 C, enzyme amount of 25 %, (w/w) and shaking speed of 51 rpm. The actual experimental yield was 84.28 % under the optimum condition, which compared well with the maximum predicted value of 84.61 %. Comparison of predicted and experimental values reveal good correspondence between them, implying that empirical models derived from RSM can be used to adequately describe the relationship between the factors and response in the synthesis of ethyl valerate.
1
OTH-P2 BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF MALE STERILE AND FERTILE ANTHERS POLLEN IN SORGHUM. ( SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) R.D.Borse Post Graduate Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Scie nce and Commerce, Pravaranagar At/Post: Loni (kd), Tal: Rahata, Dist: Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India 413713 E-mail: [e-mail] A biochemical analysis of male sterile and fertile anthers pollen has been undertaken with an objective of understanding the biochemical synthesis of sorghum. Young developing anthers of fertil e and male sterile lines of Sorghum (104 A and 104 B lines), were used for biochemical analysis. Biochemical analysis of RNA, total proteins and carbohydrates of gene -cytoplasmic male sterile sorghum lines has been investigated in detail with respect to differences in male sterile and fertile lines. Thus our results clearly indicate that, in sorghum reproductive failure and fertility restoration are gametophytic, occurring during macromolecular syntheses and mitosis stages of pollen development. The microsp ores of fertile anthers show synthesis of macromolecules like RNA and proteins and pollen mitosis leading to the formation of vegetative and generative nuclei. The microspores of sterile pollen do not show any signs of synthesis of RNA and proteins, nor undergo mitotic (pollen mitosis) division.
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23rd-25th June 2010
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia OTH-P3
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF AMINO-PHOSPHORYLATED MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (Am,p-MWCNTs) FOR THE REMOVAL OF LEAD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS L.M. Muzingu, *X.Y. Mbianda and L.M. Cele Department of chemical technology, University of Johannesburg, Doorfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg, South Africa E-mail: [e-mail] Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are hollow nanosize tubes consisting of graphene sheets capped with pentagons and hexagons at each end. A particular interest is attached to the study of carbon nanotubes because of their physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical properties. Several studies have being carried out in water treatment using carbon nanotubes. Both unfunctionalized and functionalized carbon nanotubes have been reported as effective adsorbents for metal trace in aqueous media. We wish to report in this paper the synthesis and characterisation of amino -phosphorylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Am,p-MWCNTs) and their uses in the removal of lead in aqueous solution. MWCNTs were synthesized by nebulized spray pyrolysis method and treated with a mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid to yield the oxydized MWCNTs (o-MWCNTs). The Am,p-MWCNTs was obtained by reaction of the oMWCNTs with with aminomethylphosphonic acid and 1, 10 -diaminodecan. Characterisation of Am,pMWCNTs was done by: fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT -IR), transmission electron microscoscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy X-Ray dispersive spectroscopy (EXDS), thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy. Preliminary results on the removal of lead from aqueous solutions, revealed that adsorption capacity increases for the Am,p -MWCNTs, when compared to the pristine and oxidized MWCNTs.
OTH-P4 SIZE AND SURFACE CHARGE CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN-COATED FATTY ACID LIPOSOME Tan, H.W. and Misni, M. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia E-mail: [e-mail] Stealth liposomes are the polyethylene glycol (PEG) -coated lipidic liposome. The PEG provides a steric barrier on the surface of the liposome to enhance stability and improved circulation time. However, it was recently found that their effectiveness to deliver drugs for the second administration had decreased due to the accelerated blood clearance phenomenon. Other polymer -coated liposome was developed such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyactic acid, and polyglycolic acid that offer similar results. In this study, chitosan-coated fatty acid liposome was prepared. The zeta potential of the liposome was significantly reduced from -110 to -68 mV in the present of chitosan. The size of the liposome was also considerably decreased from 130 to 116 nm with polydispersity in dex of 0.257. These results evidently support that the chitosan had successfully adsorbed in to the surface of the liposomes. The chitosan -coated liposome was found to be stable at room temperature for at least 14 days.
238
3rd ICYC 2010 Universiti Sains Malaysia OTH-P5
23rd-25th June 2010
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE FECT AGAINST PCR IN DETECTING Entamoeba histolytica INFECTIONS Rosemarie L. Balatbat Department of Biology, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila, Gen. Luna St., Intramuros 1002, Manila, Philippines E-mail: [e-mail] The current paper tested the specificity and sensitivity of the Formalin Ether Concentration Technique against p11/p12 PCR; the gold standard recognized by the CDC in diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica infections. One-hundred ninety stool specimens from 5 government h ospitals in Manila were tested. FECT was performed upon collection. DNA was directly extracted from stool specimens using the freeze thaw method. Primers that amplify a 100 bp E. histolytica novel gene were used to test true positive cases. 90 and 75 stool samples tested positive using FECT and PCR respectively. Out of the microscopy positive samples, only 75 were positive for the p11/p12 gene. Correspondingly, sensitivity and specificity rates were 83.33 and 88.46 %. Computed p value using the Fishers exa ct test for sensitivity and specificity were 0.22 and 0.001 respectively. It is mean that the ability of FECT to detect true positive cases was comparable to PCR. However, its ability to determine true negat ive cases was poorer. This mean that many FECT positive samples collected were actually infected with E. dispar. This commensal is a morphologically identical but genetically distinct species of Entamoeba. It was proven that most E. histolytica positive samples were actually infected with E. dispar. In conclusion, in terms of sensitivity, FECT is statistically similar to PCR. With regards to specificity, PCR is still superior to FECT.
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