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Chapter Outline
Course: CCJS 105, Spring 2011School: Maryland
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OUTLINE CHAPTER Occasional Property Criminals Conventional Property Criminals Arson Criminal Careers of Occasional and Conventional Property Criminals Professional Criminals OCCASIONAL PROPERTY CRIMINALS Occasional Property Criminals- steal or damage property on an infrequent basis Lack official criminal history Lack specialized knowledge of criminal techniques Act sporadically Shoplifting, vandalism,...
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OUTLINE CHAPTER Occasional Property Criminals Conventional Property Criminals Arson Criminal Careers of Occasional and Conventional Property Criminals Professional Criminals
OCCASIONAL PROPERTY CRIMINALS Occasional Property Criminals- steal or damage property on an infrequent basis Lack official criminal history Lack specialized knowledge of criminal techniques Act sporadically Shoplifting, vandalism, check forgery, car theft Shoplifting o Cameron study: boosters and snitches o Boosters- professional shoplifters; expensive items given to fence-dealer in stolen goods o Snitches- amateurs; mostly female; no record; small cheap items o shadow professionals- steal to make money w/ their incomes o increases during Christmas; arrest rates in march (SB season) o 11 bill in losses employee theft, 9 bill in shoplifters o tends to increase during recessions o juveniles and young adults not more likely; middle aged most common o inventory shrinkage due to employee theft60% Vandalism: The willful destruction of property without consent- affluent societies o Wanton Vandalism Senseless Destruction o Most common type of vandalism Tagging- o gangs mark their territory o Predatory Vandalism Destructive Acts for Gain o Bibliotheft- students intentionally steal and destroy library books o Vindictive Vandalism Destruction Out of Hatred Motor Vehicle Theft In order: Highest rate in west, south, Midwest, northeast Older, popular selling cars with poor alarm o Joyriding Adventure and Enjoyment; temporary borrowing of a car Almost exclusively committed by juveniles.
o Short-Term Transportation- vehicle stolen as temporary means then abandoned o Long-Term Transportation stolen for purpose of providing relatively permanent means of transportation o Profit-Motivated- high organized auto theft rings permanently alter vehicles identity; chopshops cannibalize auto for parts; auto strippersremove valuable Check Forgery o Forgery: making, altering, uttering or possessing, with intent to defraud, anything false which is made to appear true. o Fraud: The conversion or obtaining of money or property under false pretenses. o Edwin Lemert study- nave check forgers- majority; financial crisisclosure -systematic check forger- paperhanger; professional
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Maryland - CCJS - 105
CHAPTER SUMMARY The American Criminal Justice System The Police The Courts The CorrectionsKEY CONCEPTS Adversary System Community Policing Corrections Crime Control Model Drug Court Due Process Model Due Process Rights Legalistic Style of Policing Paradi
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CONVENTIONAL PROPERTY CRIMINALS Conventional Property Criminals: Commit crimes of theft/larceny and burglary on a fairly persistent basis. Considered semiprofessionals or minor leaguers Delinquency persists into mid-twenties. More likely to be arrested du
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CORPORATE CRIME Crimes by Organizations/Corporations Against Individuals (the Public): Types of Corporate Crime: o price fixing o kickbacks o commercial bribery o corporate dumping o tax violations o fraud against government o crimes against consumers Spe
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CORRECTIONS Early Corrections Houses of Correction Walnut Street Jail Pennsylvania Penitentiaries Auburn System Reformatory Movement/Medical Movement Structure Corrections: The system of probation, parole, jails, and prisons. Conservative Model of Law and
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CRIMES BY GOVERNMENT Political Crimes by Government: Violations of human rights committed for ideological reasons by government officials or their agents. o This is a sociological (not legal) concept. o Lack of funding to research this. Forms of Political
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CRIMINAL CAREERS OF ORGANIZED CRIMINALS Organized criminals tend to: o Maintain their livelihood through crime; o Identify with crime and criminal activity; o Possess strong organizational identity; o Belong to structured groups; o Come from low income ar
Maryland - CCJS - 105
CRIMINAL CAREERS OF POLITICAL CRIMINALS Political criminals: o Use crime instrumentally. o Believe offenses are necessary. o May deny the legitimacy of relevant laws. o Operate within subcultures that support the criminal activities. o Often believe the e
Maryland - CCJS - 105
DEFINING ORGANIZED CRIME Organized crime has been described in different ways. Organized Crime (generic): Refers to group crime of any type. Organized Crime (criminological): Groups that: o Utilize violence or threats of violence; o Provide illicit goods
Maryland - CCJS - 105
SEXUAL OFFENSES Paraphilia: Abnormal sexual practices involving strong sexual interest in nonhuman objects, giving or receiving pain, or sexual interest in children who are below the age of consent. Voyeurism: Invading the privacy of another by viewing hi
Maryland - CCJS - 105
DRUG ABUSE Types of Drugs Commonly Abused: Cannabis- marijuana, THC, hashish Depressants- barbiturates, methaqualone, tranquilizers Stimulants- amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine, methamphetamines Hallucinogens- LSD, mescaline, peyote, PCP, shrooms Inhalant
Maryland - CCJS - 105
INTRODUCTION Public-Order Criminal Behavior: Also called crimes without victims. o Examples: Prostitution Alcohol and Drugs Forms of Sexual Deviance Gambling Offenses Disorderly Conduct Vagrancy These make up the bulk of crimes, and are the focus of most
Maryland - CCJS - 105
KEY CONCEPTS Argot Arson Badger Game Bank Examiners Scam Boojo Booster Box Man Burglary Cannon Career Criminality Characteristics of Professional Crime Confidence Games Conventional Criminality Fence Heel Larceny/Theft Model of Professional Crime Motor Ve
Maryland - CCJS - 105
OCCUPATIONAL CRIME Crimes by Employees Against Individuals (the Public) Public Corruption o The use of public office for private gain defines political corruption. o Examples of Investigations: The Mollen Commission Operation Graylord Watergate Investigat
Maryland - CCJS - 105
PROFESSIONAL CRIMINALS Professional Criminal: Those who earn a considerable portion of their livelihood in criminal pursuits. o Crime is sole livelihood o Criminal career is highly developed o Considerable skill is involved o High status in the criminal w
Maryland - CCJS - 105
PROSTITUTION Prostitution: The practice of having sexual relations with emotional indifference on a promiscuous and mercenary basis. Prostitution: o Exists worldwide. o Has been prevalent throughout history. o Was outlawed due to Protestant Reformation an
Maryland - CCJS - 105
SOCIETAL REACTION Overcriminalization: an inappropriate extension of the criminal law into areas of personal conduct and morality. Many public order crimes take place in private, with consenting parties; thus, legal enforcement is difficult. Programs targ
Maryland - CCJS - 105
The American Criminal Justice System Three Components of the Criminal Justice System: o Police o Judiciary o Corrections The costs are distributed at the federal, state, and local levels. o State and local governments carry most of the costs. o Most crimi
Maryland - CCJS - 105
THE COURTS Two Legal Systems in U.S.: o Federal Courts o State Courts Adversarial System Problems o Inadequate Legal Representation for Defendants o Plea Bargaining o Sentencing Disparities Programs o Neighborhood Justice Centers o Simplification of Jury
Maryland - CCJS - 105
THE HISTORY OF CORPORATE, ORGANIZATIONAL, AND OCCUPATIONAL CRIME A long history exists in the U.S. Typology of White Collar Crime (Edelhertz): 1. Crimes by persons operating on an individual ad hoc basis. Income Tax Violations Credit Card Fraud Bankruptcy
Maryland - CCJS - 105
THE NATURE OF ORGANIZED CRIME Queer Ladder of Mobility (Ianni): Organized crime acts as an alternative means of upward mobility for those who have been excluded from legitimate systems of reward. Transnational Crime: Criminal activities that take place in
Maryland - CCJS - 105
THE POLICE First became formalized with urbanization and industrialization. Evolution of Police: o Citizen Groups o Constables and Sheriffs o Watchmen o Professionalization of Police London Robert Peel Federal policing began in the U.S. in 1789, with the
Maryland - CCJS - 105
THEORIES OF THE NATURE OF SYNDICATE CRIME IN THE U.S. Cosa Nostra Theory (The Cressey Model) o Nationwide alliance of at least 24 tightly knit families o Membership of Sicilian and Italian Descendents o Controls most illegal gambling The Patron Theory (Th
Maryland - COMM - 324
1. Policy critique -Feminist critics fight to challenge how public policy has reflected masculine view of world -Male orator = front of political wisdom (has cause narrow discourse- public, agonistic, competitive) 2. Narrative critique -Focuses on women a
Maryland - COMM - 324
First wave of womens social movements- 1840-1925 Enlarging womens political rights Voting rights Alice paul and lucy burns nonviolent protest Lucretia Coffin Mott- representative to world-antislavery convention but was excluded because she was a woman. Mo
Maryland - COMM - 324
2nd wave radical feminism was also called womens liberation movement grew out of new left politics that protested the Vietnam war and fought for civil rights so they were called the new left women new left men treated new left women as subordinates rap gr
Maryland - COMM - 324
3rd Wave draws from radical and multi-racial less fully formed and uniform than others 5 features that seem common to third-wave feminism: 1. remaking solidarity to incorporate differences among women speak for women as a group while simultaneously recogn
Maryland - COMM - 324
5 Themes of femininity: 1. Appearance still countsto be desirable, youre urged to be pretty, slim, & well dressed 2. Be sensitive & caringfeel pressure to be nice, deferential, and helpful in general; focus on pleasing others 3. Negative treatment by othe
Maryland - COMM - 324
5 Themes of masculinity: 1. Dont be femalesensitivity & vulnerability make you a sissy/wimp; be tough & aggressive 2. Be successfulsports/activities (training & winning) lead to status in profession; being a good provider is the primary requirement for ma
Maryland - COMM - 324
Analysis Bob Newhart Show: Emily, Im HomeEmily?1970s -Bob comes home from work to find the apartment empty -Emily was at an all day school board meeting -Bob happy shes homemake me dinner -Bob has to watch the game in the bedroom b/c emily has school boar
Maryland - COMM - 324
Ann Richards: Democratic National Convention Keynote Address 1988 The republican administration is all wrong: Their theory is to divide and conquer Groups America rather than uniting them they told working women that it was all their fault: their families
Maryland - COMM - 324
Appearance; women are more likely to be dissatisfied with the way they look; cultural ideals vary (thinness and body image; African American women tend to be more satisfied with their bodies) - Women are more sensitive to nonverbal communications; display
Maryland - COMM - 324
Approaches to Gender Feminism Gender relations arent just attitudes they are concrete structures of male domination and female subordination Body differentiation made women stay inside because their bodies were too frail to participate in sport I dont thi
Maryland - COMM - 324
Barbara Jordan Democratic Convention Keynote Address 1976 Her presence is evidence that the American dream need not ever be deferred. Unlike Richards, doesnt praise the accomplishments of the democrats and attack the republicans Purpose is to fulfill the
Maryland - COMM - 324
Bias in News Coverage -shape our perception by deciding which stories to feature , how to represent issues and events -selectively regulate what we see -portray feminist negatively -mommy track women should be in home and not in professional life Implicat
Maryland - COMM - 324
Bob Newhart Show: Emily, Im HomeEmily?1970s -Bob comes home from work to find the apartment empty -Emily was at an all day school board meeting -Bob happy shes homemake me dinner -Bob has to watch the game in the bedroom b/c emily has school board committ
Maryland - COMM - 324
GENDERED LIVES: CHAPTER 3 - Communication in society influences our understandings of gender and our gendered identities; it ALSO shapes societys views of masculinity and femininity, and men and womens roles - 2 ideologies: 1. Liberal feminism: women and
Maryland - COMM - 324
CHAPTER 6 - Nonverbal communication: all elements of communication other than words themselves; includes gestures, movement, inflection, volume, clothing, and environmental factors (space & color). 3 Functions of nonverbal communication: 1. Supplement ver
Maryland - COMM - 324
CHAPTER 7 (pg. 173-187) The personal side of the gender drama - 5 Themes of masculinity: 1. Dont be femalesensitivity & vulnerability make you a sissy/wimp; be tough & aggressive 2. Be successfulsports/activities (training & winning) lead to status in pro
Maryland - COMM - 324
Chapter 11 Gendered Lives Media Saturation of Public Life -People today most media-saturated and media-engaged in history -Media crafts opinions, identities, lives -Media culture provides models of what it means to be male or female Gendered Themes in med
Maryland - COMM - 324
GENDERED LIVES: CHAPTER 5 Verbal communication expresses cultural views of gender - Male generic language: one way language erases women; it purports to include both women and men yet only refers to men (ex: businessman, mailman, mankind) Spotlighting: p
Maryland - COMM - 324
GENDERED LIVES: CHAPTER 3 - Communication in society influences our understandings of gender and our gendered identities; it ALSO shapes societys views of masculinity and femininity, and men and womens roles - 2 ideologies: 1. Liberal feminism: women and
Maryland - COMM - 324
DOW(1993) -Campbells termed feminine style has provided an alternative critical orientation with which to understand the source, form, and function of female communicative strategies. -he uses the rhetoric of Texas governor Ann Richards as a case study to
Maryland - COMM - 324
EHRENREICH: THE HEARTS OF MEN -in the 50s/60s men didnt just marry out of lovemarriage, and within that the breadwinner role, was the only normal state for adult males starting at age 23 -men who rejected the provider role were simply afraid of the respon
Maryland - COMM - 324
Feminist Criticism Ad about lip crme telling women their lips should look soft + feminine, sensuous + sophisticated the way a womans mouth should look -Telling women they should be decorative, seen and not heard -Moist creamy lips serve for pleasure of ma
Maryland - COMM - 324
- First wave of womens social movements: 1840-1925 Enlarging womens political rights, Voting rights, Alice Paul and Lucy Burnsnonviolent protests, Lucretia Coffin Mottrepresentative to worldantislavery convention but was excluded because she was a woman;
Maryland - COMM - 324
Friedan: crisis in womens identity Women are on the verge of completing the massive delayed revolution that needs to be won for women. We already should have rights because ehtye were written on paper a long time ago Feminine mystique keeps us from freely
Maryland - COMM - 324
Gendered Lives * just chapter 3 Chapter 3: The Rhetorical Shaping of Gender: Womens Movements in the Unites States Communication in society influences our understandings of gender and our gendered identities; it ALSO shapes societys views of masculinity a
Maryland - COMM - 324
GENDERED LIVES: CHAPTER 3 - Communication in society influences our understandings of gender and our gendered identities; it ALSO shapes societys views of masculinity and femininity, and men and womens roles - 2 ideologies: 1. Liberal feminism: women and
Maryland - COMM - 324
HEFFNER: PLAYBOY JOINS THE BATTLE OF THE SEXES -hefnerpioneer rebel against the gray miasma of conformity that gripped other men. -to stay free, men had to stay singleproposed an alternative way of life. - revolutionary possibility: men could display his
Maryland - COMM - 324
Hegemony, Feminist Criticism and the Mary Tyler Moore Show Gitlin describes hegemony as the means through which those who support the dominant ideology in a culture are able continually to reproduce that ideology in institutions and products while gaining
Maryland - COMM - 324
Hillary Clinton 2008 Democratic National Convention Keynote Address Im here as a proud mother Unite the party and fight to win together Cant watch another republican squander our promise that fulfills the hopes of the American people Bush- failed leadersh
Maryland - COMM - 324
Horrocks The horror film, the western novel and film, rock and pop music, and sport, give interesting insights into the themes and contradictions in the masculine gender. Pop culture is good to look at because its not censored and comes from the depths of
Maryland - COMM - 324
Images of Relationships Between men and women -sometimes nontraditional images but most of the time show traditional -books aimed at adolescent females emphasize being pretty, sexy, popular in order to win attention of males (gossip girl) Womens incompete
Maryland - COMM - 324
Lesbian feminism: Radicalesbians Only women who do not orient their lives around men can truly be free Lesbianism is a positive and liberated identity women identified to distinguish themselves from heterosexual women who they see as male-identied primary
Maryland - COMM - 324
Male generic language: one way language erases women; it purports to include both women and men yet only refers to men (ex: businessman, mailman, mankind) Spotlighting: practice of highlighting a persons sex (ex: lady doctor, woman lawyer); define women a
Maryland - COMM - 324
Marxism Engels: Gender is underpinned by the relations of production. Males are dominant because they own land and animals Criticized as being too economic Marxists are also criticized for their analysis because they themselves are masculinists. Masculini
Maryland - COMM - 324
Mary Tyler Moore Show- Love is All Around- 1970 -opening lyric of theme song how will i make it on my own -Mary, 30 yr single woman -left boyfriend bill bc he promised to marry her after his internship at hospital and then backed out -moved to Minneapolis
Maryland - COMM - 324
Masculine Speech Features: 1. Effort to establish status & control (asserting ideas & authority, jokes, challenging others; I- references; avoid disclosing personal infosuggests weakness; give adviceknowledgeable) 2. Instrumentalityusing speech to accompl
Maryland - COMM - 324
Media Saturation of Public Life -People today most media-saturated and media-engaged in history -Media crafts opinions, identities, lives -Media culture provides models of what it means to be male or female Gendered Themes in media -3 themes women and min
Maryland - COMM - 324
Michelle Obama National convention address 2008 We all have come here on an improbable journey My daughters are my stake in this election, they are the center of my world My mother was the sustaining force for our family, dad was our rock I lived the Amer
Maryland - COMM - 324
Mona Lisa SmileEarly 1950s Characters: -Katherine Ann Watson (Julia Roberts): feminist art teacher; leave boyfriend behind in LA to teach at conservative womens private school in Massachusetts -Watsons unorthodox teaching methods are frowned upon by schoo