various The theories Psychological theories: personality development, social learning or cognition. Biological theories: biochemical factors, genetics and neurological elements Socialogical theories: social forces and socialization, concrete behavior, most behavior is learned. Robert Mertons Theory of Anomie Criminality the result of offenders inability to attain by socially acceptable means the goals that society expects of him Will pursue original objectives by unacceptable means Subculture- Alternate set of moral values and conventional expectations Theory refers to a condition of disequilibrium, disorder, social disorganization and lack of social integration Ex- Strain Theory o Deviant behavior result from mal-integration of cultural ends (goals) and societal means o Our culture stresses success while not providing equal access to legitimate educational and employment opportunities. To meet aspirations of success in this case could result in criminal behavior o Retreatist adaptation o Person gives up on success and goal achievement - retreats or escapes into criminal behavior Under Mertons conditions of lack of social integration o Higher rates of deviant behavior are expected Under the conditions of strong social integration o Lower rates of deviant behavior are Cesare expected Beccaria Believed that the function of the criminal law should be social harm prevention rather than moral retribution Cesare Lombroso Used the term stigmata to describe the less-evolved physical characteristics found among criminals, and called the people who exhibited these characteristics criminaloids Sheldons Body Types Ectomorph o Retrained and passive
The skinny guy o More studious and less aggressive Endomorph o Visceral and non-confrontational o The Fattys o Enjoy life as much as they can Mesomorph o Aggressive and violence prone o Muscular body type o Aggression is part of the competitive nature To an extent this may be true, but this doesnt show true to the crimes that are not as clear to us o Ex- white collar and occupational crimes Sutherlands Differential Association Theory Suggests that the primary among what we consider to be positive agents of socialization are school, church, and family Also believed an individual became delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to crime Anti-Social Personality Disorder Consistent irresponsibility The majority of crimes do not suffer from antisocial behavior disorder Psychopathic/Sociopathic Tendencies Insensitivity to others Impulsive Egoistic Dont learn from their mistakes
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