6B Chem Section Quiz Equation Sheet
Ideal gas law: PV
The natural logarithm of the pressure is inversely proportional to temperature: G = G
Gvap
H vap
Svap
P
with the resulting Clausius-Clapeyron Eqn: ln 2
ln P
RT
RT
R
P1
nRT
Phase rule: F
moles/L-atm
3
p ; Henrys Law: Solubility (moles/liter)
S
+ RT ln (P/P )
H vap 1 1
R
kH P , kH
T2
T1
Heat of Solution:
Hsoln 0: Ideal Solutions; Hsoln < 0: Non-ideal Solution showing negative deviation
from ideal behavior; Hsoln > 0: Non-ideal Solution showing positive deviation from ideal behavior.
Molarity
M
moles of solute
; Normality
liters of solution
moles equivalent of solute
; Molality
liters of solution
m
moles of solute
;
kilograms of solvent
moles of solute
mass of solute
;
Mass %
x 100;
total moles of solute and solvent
mass of solution
volume of solute
volume of solute (L)
x 100;
ppm ( by volume )
x 106 .
volume of solution
volume of solution (L)
Mole Fraction
Volume %
N
B
Raoults Law: PA
A
( liq ) PA & for a non-volatile solute B: P
If both components are volatile and ideal: Ptotal
Daltons Law:
A
(vap )
PA
Ptotal
PA
PA
PA
PB
A
PA
( liq ) PA
PA
1
B
A
( liq ) PA
B
( liq ) PA
( liq ) PB .
( liq ) PA
.
A ( liq ) PA
B ( liq ) PB
A
PB
Boiling Point Elevation: Tb Tb Tb i m K b ; Freezing Point Depression: T f T f T f
Osmotic Pressure:
i M R T . Van't Hoff Factor i # of solute particles unit / formula
For solutes that dissociate, Raoults Law also depends upon the vant Hoff Factor: PA
A
( liq ) PA
i m Kf
nA
P
nA i nB A
Constants and Conversions:
Speed of light in vacuum: c = 2.99792 x 108 m/s
Plancks Constant: h = 6.62607 x 10-34 J-s
-19
Elementary Charge: e = 1.60218 x 10 C
Electron Mass: me = 9.10938 x 10-31 kg
-27
Proton Mass: mp = 1.67262 x 10 kg
Neutron Mass: mn = 1.67493 x 10-27 kg
23
-1
Avogadros #: NA = 6.02214 x 10 mol
Atomic Mass Unit: 1 amu = 1.66054 x 10-27 kg
-23
Boltzmanns Constant: kB or k = 1.38066 x 10 J/K
Acceleration of free fall: g = 9.80665 m/s2
Molar Volume, Ideal Gas (@273.15 K, 1 atm): Vm = 22.414 L Std Atmosphere: 1 atm = 101 325 Pa
Molar Gas Constant: R = 8.31447 J/K-mol = 0.0820574 L-atm/K-mol = 0.0831447 L-bar/K-mol
Conversions: Mass: 1000 g = 1 kg, 1 metric ton = 103 kg
Volume: 1L = 1 dm3 = 103 cm3 = 10-3 m3
-2
-6
-10
Length: 1 cm = 10 m, 1 m = 10 m, 1 = 10 m, 1 pm = 10-12 m
Pressure: 1 atm = 101325 Pa, 1 bar = 105 Pa, 1 atm = 1.01325 bar, 0.98692 atm = 1 bar,
1 atm = 760 torr, 1 torr = 133.32 Pa, 1 psi = 6895 Pa = 6.895 kPa
Energy: 1 erg = 10-7 J, 1 eV = 1.60218 x 10-19 J, 1 eV = 96.485 kJ/mol, 1 cm-1 = 1.98645 x 10-23 J,
1 cal = 4.184 J, 1 L-atm = 101.325 J, 1 J = 1 V-C, 1 J = 1 Pa-m3 = 1 N-m = 1 kg-m2/s2
Power: 1 hp = 745.7 W = 745.7 J/s, 1 kWh = 3600 kJ
Chem 6B Equation Sheet (Section Quiz 1)
1
Prof. Crowell