States United v. Carolene Products Co. (p. 762) (304 U.S. 1938) Brief overview: - two congressional committees found that filled milk condensed milk from which vegetable oil has been substituted for butter fat led to undernourishment, and such undernourishment was perpetuated by its widespread use as substitute for regular milk (identical taste and appearance and advocated as good/better) and its cheaper prices - Congress enacted Filled Milk Act of 1923 = prohibited shipment of filled milk in interstate commerce - here, court is extremely deferential to Congress: general assumption that legislation rests on rational basis regardless whether of evidence/facts are presented or not, and will not be held unconstitutional unless the facts that support legislation cease to exist, or completely overstep any possibility of rational basis - thus issue at hand is simply whether any state of facts known or reasonably assumed could support legislation in question - here, court feels that question was debatable whether commerce in filled milk should be unregulated, restricted, or wholly prohibited, and Congress was in best position to make decision as to what to do = and neither a court or jury's findings by weighing evidence can be substituted for Congressional judgment