of Failure schools to recognize economic prospects of inner city youth
-progress is faked by rising test scores (they learn how to answer questions but not really
learning) just as other statistics in society are faked (police officers juke stats so that
crime goes down and robbery and larceny goes down in order to get promotions).
If were teaching the kids the test question, what is it assessing in them?
Nothing it assesses us. The tests scores go up, they can say the schools are improving.
The scores stay down, they cant.
Juking the statsIve seen it before
Chess game symbolizes structural immobility.
you dont get to be the kingthe king stays the king. Everythuing stays who he is,
except for the pawns. If the pawns make it all the way to the other side he gets to be the
queen but pawns get captured quickly.
1972-present no upward mobility for minorities and Non-Hispanic Whites
The ruling ideology serves to justify the stratification order, and reflects the attitude of
the power elite.
Race is a set of historically evolved, hierarchical categories assigned to individuals on the
basis physical of characteristic. As such race is insidiously confusing because it appears
to reside within the individual, when it actually resides in society and the way in which
society has evolved.
DuBois double-consciousness
-African Americans have two selves
1) How whites view them
2) How they view themselves more generally
George Herbert Meads theory of the generalized other: the fully developed self is
defined in relation to a community of people, and this is composed not just of indiviudals,
but of individual types.
Herrnstein & Charles Murray-Individual perspective opposite Meades: intelligence is
immutable, inherited
-Low IQ predicts criminality, out-of-wedlock birth, and substance abuse
-Racial differences in IQ (group differences, NOT individual differences)
Why theyre wrong- education affects IQ
-Black and white differences in IQ were eliminated at the college level, yet persisted in
high school
-Racial differences in IQ result from educational and social inequality, not from racial
genetic differences
-Group differences are usually environmentally determined