Duke : CHEM 43L : 1.1_structure_molecules

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= 1s n 1, l = 0 2s n = 2, = l 0 3s n = 3, l = 0

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1.1_Structure_Molecules

Duke - CHEM - 43L

1.2 The Periodic Table_(9_8_09)

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chem 43Therien F 091.2 The Periodic Table In the early 19th Century Johann Dobereiner observed several groupsof three elements (triads) with similar chemical properties.[Dobereiners definition of an element was that of Boyles: a puresubstance that c

1.2_periodic_table-FIGS

Duke - CHEM - 43L

The spectra of the elements are arrangedon horizontal lines spaced at equaldistances. The order chosen for theelements is the order of the atomic weights,except in the cases of Ar, Co and Te, wherethis clashes with the order of the chemicalpropertie

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 129/8/09Blackbody radiation: radiation that originates exclusively from the thermal energy of an object.Heating solids produced certain colors of light. At temperature of heating increased, glowing color ofsolid would change: redblue/yellowwhi

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 129/10/09Dobereiner observed several groups of three elements (triads) and noted that the atomic mass of 1 ofthe elements in the triad was the average of the other two: Cl, Br, I; S, Se, Te; Ca, Sr, Ba; Li, Na, K\Newlands organized elements fr

Chapter 12 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 12 Study GuideElectromagnetic radiation: radiant energy that exhibits wavelike behavior and travels through spaceat the speed of light in a vacuumWavelength: the distance between two consecutive peaks or troughs in a waveFrequency: the number

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 139/17/09Lattice Energy: The change in E that takes place when separated gaseous ions arepacked together to form an ionic solid; Energy of stabilization that derives fromCoulombic interactionsE= kQ1Q2rIonic + Covalent BondsBonds that share

Chapter 13 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 13 Study GuideBond energy: the energy required to break a given chemical bondIonic bonding: the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ionsIonic compound (binary): a compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form

Chem_43_Exam_1_Key_F09

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/1/09Chapter 10Spontaneity, Entropy, & Free EnergyThe first law of thermodynamics does not tell us if a reaction is spontaneous.A spontaneous reaction is a reaction has the potential to proceed on its own accordExamples:1)Ice spontaneously melts a

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/8/09Chapter 10Ssolid<Sliquid<SgasExamples:1) C(s) + CO2(g) 2CO (g)Ssystem = +Whenever the products contain more moles of gas than the reactants, the change in entropy is alwayspositive for the system2) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) 2SO3(g)3) N2(g) + O2(g) 2

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/13/09Chapter 10For an isothermal process, reversible process, S=qrev/TPhase TransitionsFusion (melting): solidliquidVaporizationliquidgasqp=HSfusion=Hfusion/TfSvap=Hvap/TvliquidsolidgasliquidWe can determine the differences in the entropies

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/15/09Chapter 10Standard Free Energies of FormationGf= the change in standard free energies when one mole of a compound is formed in itsstandard state from its constituent elements in their standard statesGf (element, standard state) = 0Grxn = Gf(

Chapter 10 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 10 Study GuideThe first law of thermodynamics: The energy of the universe is constantA process is spontaneous if it occurs without outside intervention.Thermodynamics tells us the direction of a process but NOT the speed(rate).Spontaneous proc

Duke - CHEM - 43L

9/24/09Chapter 14Demonstration: Neodymium magnets (element 60) Neodymium embedded in ceramic platesGraphite reactivity with neodymium magnetallows graphite piece to levitate above neodymiummagnetsDepending on the direction of the electrons orbiting t

Duke - CHEM - 43L

9/29/09Chapter 14*Figure 14.35: Three Mutually Perpendicular 2p Orbitals on Boron*Figure 14.36: Sigma Bonding and Antibonding Orbitals on Boron*Figure 14.40: Correct MO Energy-Level Diagram for B2*Figure 14.41: MO Energy-Level Diagrams, Bond orders,

Chapter 14 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 14 Study GuideHybridization: a mixing of the native orbitals on a given atom to form special atomicorbitals for bondingHybridization is a modification of the LE model to account for the observation that atomsoften seem to use special atomic or

Duke - CHEM - 43L

9/29/09Chapter 21Introduction to Organic ChemistryCarbon-Has a large number of accessible oxidation states-Valence shell of 2s22p24 bonds-hybridized sp3offers the potential for a wide variety of 3-D shape*Figure 21.1: C-H Bonds in MethaneAlkanes:

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/1/09Chapter 21*Figure 21.8: Bonding in Ethane*Figure 21.7: Bonding in EthyleneC-C double bonds are known as alkenesAlkenes: 2 orientations of sustituentsAlkenes do not rotate about C=C double bondCyclic Alkanes:Cyclohexane exists in two forms:

Chapter 21 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 21 Study GuideBiomolecule: molecules that maintain and reproduce lifeOrganic chemistry: the study of carbon-containing compounds (typically chains ofcarbon atoms) and their propertiesHydrocarbon: compounds composed of carbon and hydrogenSatur

Chem 43 Midterm Exam 2 Answer Key 10202009

Duke - CHEM - 43L

C hemistry 43Midterm ExaminationTuesday, 20 O ctober 2009Name:Ans~ k~A nswer all questions completely a nd concisely. Give a n e xplanation for all y ouranswers. There are 10 q uestions o n 15 p ages w orth a total of 100 points. You h ave 75minute

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/22/09Chapter 6Thermodynamic Definition of the Equilibrium Constant:Involves the ratio of the equilibrium pressure or concentration of a substanceActivity(A)= Pi/PreferenceKp is ALWAYS unitlessWhen the equilibrium constant is expressed in units o

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/27/09Chapter 6GRxn = Go + RTlnQ1) Use the above relationship to calculate G and determine if a reaction is at equilibriumG=0K=Q2) For a reaction equilibrium, calculate GoChemical Equilbrium Chapter 6Acids/Bases Chapter 7 Acids/BaseSolubility o

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/29/09Chapter 6Consider 3 changes to conditions that impact equilibrium:1)Changes in concentration (Partial pressure for gases of a constituent)2)Change in total pressure3) Change in TemperatureLe Chateliers Principle: when a stress is applied to

Chapter 6 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 6 Study GuideChemical equilibrium: a dynamic reaction system in which the concentrations of all reactants andproducts remain constant as a function of timeEquilibrium is a dynamic situationHaber process: the manufacture of ammonia from nitroge

lecture 8

Duke - CHEM - 43L

H2(g) + I2(g) 2HI(g)Kp = 1.00 x 102A container holds 0.0100 atm H2(g), 0.00500 atm I2(g), and 0.500 atm HI(g). Whatare all equilibrium pressures?First do a Q test to predict the direction of the reaction.p20.500 2HIQ=== 5000 > 1.00 x 102p H 2 p

Duke - CHEM - 43L

10/29/09Chapter 7Define: properties of acids & bases / acid & base strengthEarliest definition:Acids- sour taste, turn litmus paper redBases- bitter taste, slippery when touched, turn litmus paper blueArrhenius (1887)Acids- substances that furnishe

Duke - CHEM - 43L

11/3/09Chapter 7Bronsted-Lowry (1923)Acid: substance that acts as a proton donorBase: substance that acts as a proton acceptorNeutralization reaction: Transfer of a proton from an acid to a baseWe can say:i)The stronger the acid, the more readily i

Duke - CHEM - 43L

11/5/09Chapter 7All of the acids we have considered thus far are monoprotic acidsStrong acids: HCl, HNO3Weak acids: HCN, HF, CH3, CO2HPolyprotic acids:H2CO3carbonic acidH2C2O4oxalic acidH3PO4phosphoric acidH2SO4sulfuricH2A + H2O H3O+ + HAHA- + H

Duke - CHEM - 43L

11/10/09Chapter 7Metal cations & their acid propertiesMetal ions attract the e- pairs of H2O molecules[Zn(H2O)4]2+[Zn(H2O)4]2+ +[Mn(H2O)g]2+H2O H3O+ + [Zn(H2O)3(OH)]+Cation hydrolysisimportant for metals with high charge & small sizeHydrolysis w

Chapter 7 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 7 Study GuideArrhenius concept: a concept postulating that acids produce hydrogen ions in aqueoussolution, whereas bases roduce hydroxide ionsBronsted-Lowry definition (model): a model proposing that an acid is a proton donor,and a base is a p

Duke - CHEM - 43L

11/10/09Chapter 8Buffers: using the common ion effect to control pHBuffer solution: solution that resists a change in pH when acids or bases are addedExamples:1) Weak acid and its corresponding conjugate base salt2) Weak base and its corresponding c

Duke - CHEM - 43L

11/12/09Chapter 8In vivo BufferingRegulating of acidCO2 is rapidly released at the lungsH2O + CO2 H2CO3Hydrogen carbonate is blood acidH2O + H2CO3 H3O+ + HCO3-Ka = 4.3 x 10-7If CO2 is present in its dissolved form, it can not be eliminated15-20

Chapter 8 Study Guide

Duke - CHEM - 43L

Chapter 8 Study GuideCommon ion effect:Buffered solution: a solution that resists a change in its pH when either hydroxide ionsor protons are addedThe most important buffering system in the blood involves HCO3- and H2CO3In a buffered solution the pH

CHEM 43 Exam 3 Answer Key

Duke - CHEM - 43L

C hemistry 43 Midterm Examination Tuesday, 17 November 2009 N ame:_~_/)-,-5_Cd_er-_)U_re"T-5:i_ _'- oA nswer all questions completely a nd concisely. Give a n e xplanation for all y ouranswers. There are 6 q uestions on 11 p ages worth a total of 1

Biochem_Homework_(11_22_09)

Duke - CHEM - 43L

22November2009Chem43Students:PleasebepreparedtodiscussthefollowingproblemswithyourteachingfellowduringyourWednesday2Decemberrecitationperiod.Chapter4: 17,11.Chapter8: 1,4,12,13,1822.Inadditiontotheseproblems,materialthatyouwillberesponsibleforinclu

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Marshall - CHM - 204

Chapter27:CarbohydratesI.IntroductionCarbohydratesare1ofthe3principleclassesoffood(othersarefatsandproteins)Majorityofallmatterinplants:sugars,starches,celluloseWordcarbohydratemeanshydrateofcarbonbecausemost,butnotall,havetheformulaCn(H2O)mGlucos

Southwest Case Study

Horry-Georgetown Technical College - BUSINESS - 220

Sydney LivingstonInstructor: Beth CarrawayMKT-135-I0112 July 2011Case Study: Southwest1. From what you read in this chapter and on their website, do you think the companyhas accomplished Rollin Kings and Herb Kellehers vision of getting theirpassen

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University of Phoenix - HCA 250 - 101

1Healthy Eating PlanShirley DavisUniversity of Phoenix4/6/20103Healthy eating is very important when it comes to my overall health. Healthier eating isas way of balancing the food that I intake to live a healthier life. It can also be very hard at

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Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne - AET - 122

DatabaseRoll-call managementSchool marks managementStudents' information managementINTERNSHIP REPORTSchool reports managementDatabaseProject: HIGH SCHOOL MANAGEMENTAccesserTeachers' information managementStudent:Student Code:Nguyn Hi Linh0802

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University of Texas - BIOLOGY - 50822

Exam 3 Notes compilation:Good luck yallStudent 1Exam 3Ecosystems:group of plants and animals that are connected by energy and mineral flow there are no species that are not connected the ultimate source is the sun photosynthesis involves turning so

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