15
MULTIPLE Chapter CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following, except
A) temperature.
B) vibration.
C) pain.
D) taste.
E) touch.
2) Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
A) taste
B) vibration
C) smell
1)
2)
D) hearing
E) vision
3) The general senses
A) are localized to specific areas of the body.
B) are located in specialized structures called sense organs.
C) cannot generate action potentials.
D) involve receptors that are relatively simple in structure.
E) both A and B
3)
4) Which of the following can contribute to receptor specificity?
A) characteristics of the receptor cell membrane
B) the structure of the receptor cell
C) accessory structures and tissues that shield the receptors from other stimuli
D) accessory cells that function with the receptor
E) any of the above
4)
5) Sensory transduction can involve which of the following?
A) a stimulus altering the permeability of a receptor membrane
B) the production of a receptor potential
C) change in the flow of ions across the sensory membrane
D) inhibition of neurotransmitter release
E) any of the above
5)
6) Central adaptation refers to
A) increases in conscious perception of a sensory stimulus.
B) the decline in activity of peripheral receptors when stimulated.
C) a characteristic of phasic receptors.
D) inhibition of nuclei located along a sensory pathway.
E) a change in motor receptivity of a neuron.
6)
7) Our perception of our environment is imperfect for all of the following reasons, except that
A) abnormal receptor function can produce sensations that have no basis in fact.
B) humans lack receptors for every possible stimulus.
C) not all sensations lead to a perception.
D) receptors respond in an all- or-nothing manner.
E) our receptors have limited sensitivity.
7)
1
8) Which of the following is sometimes called "prickling pain"?
A) chemicals
B) extremes of temperature
C) mechanical damage
D) fast pain
E) both B and D
8)
9) Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by
A) nociceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) proprioceptors.
E) thermoreceptors.
9)
10) Thermoreceptors
A) for "cold" are structurally indistinguishable from those for "warm."
B) are found within the dermis.
C) are free nerve endings.
D) A and B only
E) A, B, and C
10)
11) A receptor that contains many mechanically gated ion channels would function best as a
A) light receptor.
B) chemoreceptor.
C) tactile receptor.
D) thermoreceptor.
E) nociceptor.
11)
12) A fast- adapting mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is
a
A) root hair plexus.
B) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
C) free nerve ending.
D) Ruffini corpuscle.
E) tactile (Merkel) disc.
12)
13) Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called
A) baroreceptors.
B) proprioceptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) chemoreceptors.
13)
14) Mechanoreceptors that respond to changes in blood pressure are called
A) chemoreceptors.
B) baroreceptors.
C) thermoreceptors.
D) nociceptors.
E) proprioceptors.
14)
2
15) Tactile receptors composed of capsules that surround a core of collagen fibers intertwined with
dendrites are called
A) lamellated corpuscles.
B) tactile (Meissner) corpuscles.
C) tactile discs.
D) Ruffini corpuscles.
E) root hair plexuses.
15)
16) A tactile receptor composed of highly coiled dendrites that are surrounded by modified Schwann
cells and a fibrous capsule is a
A) Ruffini corpuscle.
B) tactile (Merkel) disc.
C) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
D) root hair plexus.
E) lamellated corpuscle.
16)
17) A very large, fast- adapting tactile receptor that is composed of a single dendrite enclosed by
concentric layers of collagen is a
A) lamellated corpuscle.
B) tactile (Merkel) disc.
C) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
D) root hair plexus.
E) Ruffini corpuscle.
17)
18) A highly sensitive tactile receptor composed of dendritic processes of a single myelinated fiber that
makes contact with specialized cells of the stratum germinativum is a
A) lamellated corpuscle.
B) root hair plexus.
C) tactile (Merkel) disc.
D) Ruffini corpuscle.
E) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
18)
19) A fast- adapting tactile receptor that monitors movements across the body surface is a
A) root hair plexus.
B) tactile (Merkel) disc.
C) Ruffini corpuscle.
D) tactile (Meissner) corpuscle.
E) lamellated corpuscle.
19)
20) Which of the following kinds of information do fine- touch and light- pressure mechanoreceptors
provide?
A) location of the stimulus.
B) texture of the stimulus.
C) shape of the stimulus.
D) movement of the stimulus.
E) all of the above
20)
3
21) Which of the following is not a property of thermoreceptors?
A) cold receptors outnumber warm receptors
B) project to reticular formation
C) tonic response to temperature change
D) found in skeletal muscle, hypothalamus, and skin
E) sensation conducted in same pathway as pain
21)
22) Chemoreceptors are located in all of the following, except
A) the organs of smell.
B) aortic bodies.
C) carotid bodies.
D) in the skin.
E) the organs of taste.
22)
23) Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?
A) corticospinal
B) corticobulbar
C) spinothalamic
D) posterior (dorsal) column
E) both C and D
23)
24) The spinal tract that carries sensations from proprioceptors to the CNS is the
A) lateral spinothalamic.
B) spinocerebellar.
C) fasciculus gracilis.
D) anterior spinothalamic.
E) fasciculus cuneatus.
24)
25) The spinal tract that relays information concerning pain and temperature to the CNS is the
A) posterior spinocerebellar.
B) lateral spinothalamic.
C) anterior spinothalamic.
D) fasciculus gracilis.
E) fasciculus cuneatus.
25)
26) The spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the
A) fasciculus cuneatus.
B) lateral spinothalamic.
C) fasciculus gracilis.
D) posterior spinocerebellar.
E) anterior spinothalamic.
26)
27) Each of the following is an ascending tract in the spinal cord, except the
A) fasciculus cuneatus.
B) posterior spinocerebellar.
C) anterior spinothalamic.
D) reticulospinal tract.
E) fasciculus gracilis.
27)
4
28) The afferent neuron that carries the sensation to the CNS is a ________ neuron.
A) receptor
B) first-order
C) second- order
D) third- order
E) fourth- order
28)
29) Examples of sensory modalities include
A) warmth.
B) smell.
C) touch.
D) vibration.
E) all of the above
29)
30) Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.
A) receptor
B) first-order
C) second- order
D) third- order
E) fourth- order
30)
31) Only about ________ percent of the information provided by afferent fibers reaches the cerebral
cortex and our awareness.
A) 1
B) 25
C) 10
D) 95
E) 50
31)
32) Neurons from the nucleus gracilis
A) relay sensory information to the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere.
B) carry both crude and fine touch.
C) relay information directly to the cerebrum.
D) decussate before entering the medial lemniscus.
E) both A and D
32)
33) We can localize sensations that originate in different areas of the body because
A) sensory neurons from specific body regions project to specific cortical regions.
B) of the many types of tactile receptors.
C) incoming sensory information is first processed by the thalamus.
D) different types of sensory receptors produce action potentials of different sizes and shapes.
E) sensory neurons carry only one modality.
33)
34) The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the cord is the
________ tract.
A) reticulospinal
B) anterior corticospinal
C) vestibulospinal
D) rubrospinal
E) lateral corticospinal
34)
5
35) The descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the medulla
oblongata is the ________ tract.
A) lateral corticospinal
B) anterior corticospinal
C) reticulospinal
D) vestibulospinal
E) rubrospinal
35)
36) The spinal tract that normally plays a minor role in the control of the distal muscles of the arms is
the ________ tract.
A) rubrospinal
B) lateral corticospinal
C) reticulospinal
D) vestibulospinal
E) anterior corticospinal
36)
37) The spinal tract that unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone is the ________ tract.
A) anterior corticospinal
B) lateral corticospinal
C) rubrospinal
D) reticulospinal
E) vestibulospinal
37)
38) The medial pathway that controls involuntary movements of head, neck, and arm position in
response to sudden visual and auditory stimuli is the ________ tract.
A) tectospinal
B) reticulospinal
C) lateral corticospinal
D) vestibulospinal
E) rubrospinal
38)
39) The pyramidal system provides
A) involuntary control over smooth muscles.
B) involuntary control over skeletal muscles.
C) voluntary control over skeletal muscles.
D) voluntary control over smooth muscles.
E) involuntary control over cardiac muscle.
39)
40) The corticospinal system is often referred to as the
A) red nucleus.
B) reticular formation.
C) medullary centers.
D) pyramidal system.
E) spinothalamic tracts.
40)
41) The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the
A) number of sensory receptors in the area of the body.
B) size of the nerves that serve the area of the body.
C) size of the body area.
D) distance of the body area from the brain.
E) number of motor units in that region.
41)
6
42) Axons of the corticobulbar tract terminate in the
A) nuclei in the thalamus.
B) somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord.
C) sensory neurons.
D) motor nuclei of cranial nerves.
E) autonomic motor neurons in the spinal cord.
42)
43) Based on the motor homunculus, which of the following body regions has the largest motor units?
A) face
B) back
C) hands
D) larynx
E) tongue
43)
44) The pyramids on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are formed by fibers of the ________
tracts.
A) tectospinal
B) vestibulospinal
C) corticospinal
D) reticulospinal
E) corticobulbar
44)
45) Axons that decussate between the pyramids of the medulla oblongata belong to the ________ tracts.
A) lateral corticospinal
B) reticulospinal
C) vestibulospinal
D) rubrospinal
E) anterior corticospinal
45)
46) The upper motor neurons of the medial pathway are located within any of the following, except the
A) reticular formation.
B) inferior colliculi.
C) superior colliculi.
D) vestibular nuclei.
E) mamillary bodies.
46)
47) Tracts of the lateral and medial pathways include all of the following, except ________ tracts.
A) rubrospinal
B) vestibulospinal
C) corticospinal
D) tectospinal
E) reticulospinal
47)
48) A brain injury to a patient results in facial paralysis. Which descending tract is most likely affected?
A) reticulospinal tract
B) rubrospinal tract
C) corticobulbar tract
D) corticospinal tract
E) tectospinal tract
48)
7
49) The basal nuclei
A) act as gatekeepers, filtering out unnecessary sensorimotor activity.
B) initiate conscious motor activity.
C) activate spinal reflexes.
D) provide the background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities.
E) exert direct control over lower motor neurons.
49)
50) Complex motor activities such as riding a bicycle
A) with practice, involve little input from the brain.
B) usually escape notice by the cerebellum.
C) require the coordinated activity of several regions of the brain.
D) are largely controlled at the level of the spinal cord.
E) only require neural processing at the level of the cerebrum.
50)
51) Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect
A) hearing.
B) perception of pain.
C) voluntary motor activity.
D) sight.
E) both A and D
51)
52) The cerebellum adjusts motor activity in response to all of the following, except
A) input from proprioceptors.
B) equilibrium- related sensations.
C) visual information.
D) input from the motor cortex.
E) touch sensations.
52)
53) Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons.
A) somesthetic
B) lower motor
C) postganglionic
D) preganglionic
E) upper motor
53)
54) Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?
A) corticospinal
B) corticobulbar
C) posterior (dorsal) column
D) spinothalamic
E) both C and D
54)
55) Some neurons within the basal nuclei are known to
A) stimulate neurons with GABA.
B) inhibit neurons with GABA.
C) stimulate neurons with acetylcholine.
D) both A and C
E) both B and C
55)
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56) Visceral sensory information enters the CNS on afferent fibers within
A) dorsal roots T1 to L2.
B) dorsal roots S2 to S4 .
C) cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X.
D) both B and C
E) A, B, and C
56)
57) Mechanoreceptors might detect which of the following sensations?
A) touch
B) vibration
C) pressure
D) muscle length
E) all of the above
57)
58) If a friend is talking about someone she knows who lost his special senses, you would correct her
when you hear her mention ________, because it is not a special sense.
A) cold
B) hearing
C) smell
D) balance
E) sight
58)
59) In order for a sensation to become a perception,
A) it must received by the somatosensory cortex.
B) it must arrive over fast- conducting nerve fibers.
C) the other senses must be silent.
D) it must received by the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus.
E) the individual must vocalize about it.
59)
60) Gustatory receptors are sensitive to dissolved chemicals but insensitive to light. This is due to
A) receptor potentials.
B) receptor specificity.
C) accessory cells.
D) the fact that they are interoceptors.
E) both B and C
60)
61) A receptor potential may
A) increase neurotransmitter release.
B) decrease neurotransmitter release.
C) be a depolarization.
D) be a hyperpolarization.
E) be any of the above
61)
62) Sensory information that arrives at the CNS is routed according to the ________ of the stimulus.
A) modality
B) speed
C) location
D) intensity
E) both A and C
62)
9
63) Pain is to ________ as cold is to ________.
A) chemoreceptors; nociceptors
B) nociceptors; thermoreceptors
C) baroreceptors; thermoreceptors
D) baroreceptors; nociceptors
E) baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
63)
64) Peripheral adaptation ________ the number of action potentials that reach the CNS.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) neutralizes
D) stabilizes
E) both A and C
64)
65) Tickle is to ________ as itch is to ________.
A) pressure; heat
B) touch; pain
C) baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
D) stretch; temperature
E) thermoreceptors; nociceptors
65)
66) Tactile discs are to ________ as tactile corpuscles are to ________.
A) Pacinian; Merkel
B) Wilms; Meissner
C) Meissner; Merkel
D) Merkel; Meissner
E) pain; pressure
66)
67) ________ are receptors in the aorta that monitor the blood pressure.
A) Nociceptors
B) Proprioceptors
C) Chemoreceptors
D) Baroreptors
E) none of the above
67)
68) Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is left arm pain. You
are not surprised because you are familiar with the phenomenon of
A) phantom pain.
B) neurogenic pain.
C) somatic pain.
D) psychogenic pain.
E) referred pain.
68)
69) Descending (motor) pathways always involve at least ________ motor neuron(s).
A) three
B) one
C) spinal
D) two
69)
10
E) four
70) Conscious and subconscious motor commands control skeletal muscles by traveling over the
A) lateral pathway.
B) corticospinal pathway.
C) medial pathway.
D) any of the above
E) A and C only
70)
71) The medial and lateral motor pathways can modify, or direct, skeletal muscle contractions by
________ lower motor neurons.
A) inhibiting
B) stimulating
C) facilitating
D) any of the above
E) A and C only
71)
72) The cerebellum relies on information from
A) motor commands from upper motor neurons.
B) the eyes.
C) proprioceptive sensations.
D) the inner ear as movements are under way.
E) all of the above
72)
73) ________ is a rare condition in which the brain fails to develop at levels above the mesencephalon
or inferior part of the diencephalon.
A) Encephalopathy
B) Anencephaly
C) Hydrocephaly
D) Tetralogy of Fallot
E) none of the above
73)
74) A labeled line is
A) a translation of complex sensory information.
B) an adjustment for sensitivity adaptation.
C) a reduction in sensitivity.
D) a link between a receptor and a cortical neuron.
E) a stimulation that produces action potentials.
74)
75) ________ receptors are ________ times more numerous than ________ receptors.
A) Cold; 10; warm
B) Thermoreceptors; three or four; temperature
C) Thermoreceptors; three or four; cold
D) Cold; three or four; warm
E) Warm; three or four; cold
75)
76) In relation to the medial and lateral pathways, the ________ pathway controls ________ movements
of trunk and ________ limb muscles.
A) lateral; precise; distal
B) medial; gross; proximal
C) medial; fine; distal
D) medial; gross; distal
E) lateral; gross; distal
76)
11
77) In relation to the medial and lateral pathways, the ________ pathway controls ________ movements
of ________ limb muscles.
A) medial; gross; proximal
B) lateral; precise; distal
C) medial; precise; proximal
D) lateral; gross; distal
E) lateral; gross; proximal
77)
78) A sensory receptor characterized peripherally as a free nerve ending and centrally uses glutamate
and/or substance P as neurotransmitters, would most likely be a
A) thermoreceptor.
B) free receptor.
C) mechanoreceptor.
D) chemoreceptor.
E) nociceptor.
78)
79) Sensory encoding of the perceived location of a stimulus depends on
A) the frequency of action potentials.
B) the specific sensitivity of the peripheral receptor.
C) which labeled line is active.
D) the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated.
E) both A and B
79)
80) Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces
A) a stimulation of the innervated muscle.
B) the inability to localize a stimulus.
C) flaccid paralysis of its muscle fibers (motor unit).
D) a subconscious response to a stimulation.
E) none of the above
80)
81) The cerebellum
A) receives input from the motor cortex and basal ganglia.
B) compares intended movement to actual movement.
C) functions to maintain proper posture and equilibrium.
D) if damaged leads to uncoordinated and jerky movements.
E) has all these characteristics.
81)
82) All of the following are true of a prickling pain sensation, except that they
A) are fast adapting.
B) often trigger somatic reflexes.
C) receive conscious attention.
D) are carried by type A fibers.
E) reach the CNS quickly.
82)
83) Sensations of burning or aching pain
A) are well localized.
B) cause a generalized activation of the reticular formation and the thalamus.
C) reach the CNS quickly.
D) are carried by type A fibers.
E) are fast adapting.
83)
12
84) What loss would result from cutting through the medial lemniscus on the right side?
A) loss of fine touch sensation on the left side of the body
B) loss of pain sensation on the left side of the body
C) complete hemiplegia (paralysis) on the left side of the body
D) loss of fine touch sensation on the right side of the body
E) loss of pain sensation on the right side of the body
84)
85) Stimulation of a neuron that terminates in the superior region of the left postcentral gyrus would
produce
A) a sensation in the right leg.
B) a muscle twitch in the right leg.
C) a sensation in the lips.
D) a muscle twitch in the lips.
E) both sensations and muscle twitches in the right leg.
85)
86) Upper motor neurons are located in the
A) precentral gyrus.
B) postcentral gyrus.
C) brain stem.
D) spinal cord.
E) both A and C
86)
87) Somatic sensory axons the enter ventral root and usually ascend directly to the thalamus.
A) The first part of the statement is true, and the second part of the statement is false.
B) The first part of the statement is false, and the second part of the statement is true.
C) Both parts of the statements are true.
D) Both parts of the statements are false.
87)
88) Which of the following is true about the relation between stimulus intensity and its neural
representation?
A) Strong stimuli produce large generator potentials in sensory receptors.
B) Strong stimuli produce large action potentials in sensory afferents.
C) Strong stimuli produce a high frequency of action potentials in sensory afferents.
D) A and C only
E) A, B, and C
88)
89) Damage to the tectospinal tracts would interfere with the
A) ability to monitor body position.
B) ability to position the arms.
C) ability to make reflex responses of the head and neck in response to sudden movements or
loud noises.
D) ability to coordinate eating and swallowing movements.
E) ability to control motor units located in the leg.
89)
90) Bladder fullness is to ________ as blood pH is to ________.
A) chemoreceptors; nociceptors
B) nociceptors; thermoreceptors
C) baroreceptors; chemoreceptors
D) baroreceptors; thermoreceptors
E) baroreceptors; nociceptors
90)
13
91) If the primary motor cortex is destroyed, fine control of movement will be lost, but movement may
not be lost completely because the medial and lateral pathways can still provide coarse motor
control.
A) The first part of the statement is true, and the second part of the statement is false.
B) The first part of the statement is false, and the second part of the statement is true.
C) Both parts of the statements are true.
D) Both parts of the statements are false.
14
91)
Figure 15 -1 Spinothalamic Tracts
Use Figure 15-1 to answer the following questions:
92) Identify the neuron labeled "1."
A) second- order neuron
B) upper motor neuron
C) lower motor neuron
D) ganglionic neuron
E) first-order neuron
92)
93) Identify the structure labeled "5."
A) primary motor cortex
B) thalamus
C) autonomic ganglion
D) cerebral cortex
E) primary sensory cortex
93)
15
94) Which of the following is true regarding the structure labeled "6"?
1. The synapse occurs between motor neurons.
2. The sensations may be filtered out.
3. The third- order neuron projects to the primary sensory cortex.
4. The third- order neuron's axon is identified.
A) 3 and 4
B) 1 and 3
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 4
E) 2 only
95) Which structure conducts action potentials directly from a sensory receptor?
A) 5
B) 7
C) 2
D) 1
E) 3
96) Identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "2."
A) visceral motor commands to smooth muscle
B) proprioception to the cerebral cortex
C) pain and crude touch sensations
D) motor commands to skeletal muscles
E) fine touch to the cerebral cortex
16
94)
95)
96)
Figure 15 -2 The Corticospinal Pathway
Use Figure 15-2 to answer the following questions:
97) Identify the origin of the axon labeled "2."
A) lower motor neuron
B) upper motor neuron
C) second- order neuron
D) ganglionic neuron
E) decussation neuron
97)
98) Identify the structure labeled "5."
A) ventral root
B) upper motor neuron
C) second- order neuron
D) first-order neuron
E) dorsal root
98)
17
99) What occurs in this neural pathway at label "3"?
A) communication between sensory and motor neurons
B) decussation
C) autonomic reflexes
D) synapse
E) amplification of motor signals
99)
100) Identify the structure labeled "1" in this neural pathway.
A) thalamus
B) basal nuclei
C) autonomic motor center
D) primary sensory cortex
E) primary motor cortex
100)
101) Identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "4."
A) motor commands to skeletal muscles
B) visceral motor commands to smooth muscle
C) proprioception to the cerebral cortex
D) fine touch to the cerebral cortex
E) pain and crude touch sensations
101)
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
102) When axons cross over from one side of the brain to the other, they are said to ________.
102)
103) The information that is passed from a sensory receptor to the central nervous system is
called a(n) ________.
103)
104) The ________ is the area monitored by a single receptor cell.
104)
105) The link between peripheral receptor and cortical neuron is called a ________.
105)
106) A(n) ________ is a depolarization of a sensory dendrite that can lead to an afferent nerve
impulse if strong enough.
106)
107) Sensory neurons that adapt quickly are called ________ receptors.
107)
108) Sensory neurons that are always active are called ________ receptors.
108)
109) ________ provides information about the intensity, duration, location, and modality of a
sensory stimulus.
109)
110) The conversion of a sensory input to a change in membrane potential in the receptor is
known as ________.
110)
111) The CNS interprets the ________ entirely on the basis of the labeled line over which it
arrives.
111)
18
112) ________ is a reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus.
112)
113) Sensory information from all parts of the body is routed to the ________ cortex.
113)
TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
114) Pain receptors are fast-adapting receptors.
114)
115) If the primary motor cortex is damaged, the individual loses the ability to exert fine control over
skeletal muscles.
115)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
116) What are differences and similarities between "crude" touch and "fine" touch sensations?
117) What are the four types of sensory receptors for the general senses? What is the nature of the stimuli that excite
each type?
118) While playing lacrosse, Frank took a blow to the back of his neck. This caused swelling of the posterior spinal
cord at C7 , T1 . What tract lies in this area? What signs might you expect Frank to show while the swelling
persists?
119) How can an understanding of the neurotransmitter important in the function of the basal nuclei contribute to an
understanding the underlying cause for Parkinson disease?
19
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
1) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -1
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
2) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -2
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
3) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -3
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
4) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -4
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
5) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -5
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
6) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -6
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
7) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -7
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
8) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -8
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
9) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -9
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
10) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -10
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
11) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -11
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
12) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -12
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
20
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
13) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -13
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
14) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -14
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
15) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -15
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
16) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -16
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
17) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -17
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
18) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -18
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
19) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -19
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
20) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -20
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
21) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -21
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
22) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -22
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
23) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -23
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
24) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -24
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
21
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
25) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -25
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
26) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -26
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
27) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -27
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
28) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -28
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
29) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -29
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
30) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -30
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
31) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -31
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
32) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -32
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
33) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -33
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
34) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -34
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
35) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -35
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
36) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -36
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
22
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
37) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -37
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
38) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -38
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
39) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -39
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
40) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -40
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
41) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -41
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
42) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -42
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
43) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -43
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
44) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -44
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
45) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -45
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
46) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -46
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
47) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -47
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
48) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -48
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
23
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
49) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -49
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
50) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -50
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
51) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -51
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
52) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -52
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
53) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -53
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
54) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -54
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
55) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -55
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
56) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -56
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
57) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -57
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
58) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -58
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
59) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -59
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
60) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -60
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
24
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
61) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -61
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
62) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -62
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
63) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -63
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
64) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -64
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
65) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -65
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
66) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -66
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
67) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -67
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
68) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -68
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
69) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -69
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
70) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -70
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
71) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -71
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
72) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -72
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
25
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
73) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -73
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
74) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -74
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
75) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -75
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
76) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -76
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
77) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -77
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
78) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -78
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
79) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -79
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
80) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -80
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
81) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -81
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
82) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -82
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
83) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -83
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
84) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -84
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
26
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
85) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -85
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
86) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -86
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
87) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -87
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
88) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -88
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
89) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -89
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
90) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -90
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
91) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -91
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
92) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -92
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
93) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -93
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
94) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -94
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
95) D
ID: fap8m 15.1 -95
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
96) C
ID: fap8m 15.1 -96
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
27
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
97) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -97
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
98) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -98
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
99) B
ID: fap8m 15.1 -99
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
100) E
ID: fap8m 15.1 -100
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
101) A
ID: fap8m 15.1 -101
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
102) decussate
ID: fap8m 15.2 -1
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
103) sensation
ID: fap8m 15.2 -2
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
104) receptive field
ID: fap8m 15.2 -3
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
105) labeled line
ID: fap8m 15.2 -4
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
106) generator potential
ID: fap8m 15.2 -5
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
107) phasic
ID: fap8m 15.2 -6
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
108) tonic
ID: fap8m 15.2 -7
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
28
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
109) Sensory coding
ID: fap8m 15.2 -8
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
110) transduction
ID: fap8m 15.2 -9
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
111) modality
ID: fap8m 15.2 -10
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 2 Questions: Reviewing Concepts
112) Adaptation
ID: fap8m 15.2 -11
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
113) somatosensory
ID: fap8m 15.2 -12
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
114) FALSE
ID: fap8m 15.3 -1
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
115) TRUE
ID: fap8m 15.3 -2
Diff: 1
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
116) Crude touch refers to sensations from stimulation of tactile receptors of low sensitivity with large receptive fields. In
contrast, fine touch refers to tactile receptors of high sensitivity with small receptive fields. Crude touch ascends in the
anterior spinothalamic pathway whereas fine touch ascends in the posterior column pathway. The spinothalamic
pathway crosses the neural axis in the spinal cord but the posterior column pathway crosses in the medulla oblongata.
Both ultimately project to the somatosensory cortex on the contralateral side of the stimulus in the same region of
cortex.
ID: fap8m 15.4 -1
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
117) (1) Nociceptors: a variety of stimuli associated with tissue damage; (2) thermoreceptors: respond to changes in
temperature; (3) mechanoreceptors: stimulated by physical distortion, contact, or pressure; and (4) chemoreceptors:
monitor the presence of specific chemical substances.
ID: fap8m 15.4 -2
Diff: 2
Points: 1
Skill: Level 1 Questions: Reviewing Facts and Terms
118) The posterior spinocerebellar tracts and posterior columns might be affected. Difficulty with proprioception and
sensations of fine touch, pressure, and vibration may be altered.
ID: fap8m 15.4 -3
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
29
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED8
119) Two distinct populations of neurons exist: one that stimulates neurons by releasing acetylcholine, and another that
inhibits neurons through the release of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA). Under normal conditions, the excitatory
interneurons are kept inactive, and the tracts leaving the basal nuclei have an inhibitory effect on upper motor
neurons. In Parkinson disease, the excitatory neurons become more active, leading to problems with the voluntary
control of movement. Treatment directed at increasing the supply of GABA is being investigated actively.
ID: fap8m 15.4 -4
Diff: 3
Points: 1
Skill: Level 3 Questions: Critical Thinking & Clinical Applications
30