101 PKG Exam 2 Study Guide
Corrugated Board
Board construction forms, layers, walls
Manufacturing process
Flute sizes applications, stack strength, flat crush strength, cushioning, printability
Corrugated blank styles and their differentiating features
Cartons vs. corrugated how they are used for similar and different applications
Carton styles
MD vs. CD for cartons and why it matters
How recycled fiber affects board performance
Plastics
Thermoset vs. thermoplastic
Plastics vs. polymers
How monomers form polymers polymerization reactions
Advantages of using plastics for packaging
Types of plastic packages for industrial, food, healthcare, and personal care sectors
Linear vs. branched molecules and how they affect density
6 major packaging plastics - applications for each and characteristics for why they are good for that
function (based on primary class examples)
Plastic pkg manufacturing processes material/container forms, plastics used for each, and
distinguishing characteristics of the pkg that identify the processes used. Examples: film blowing vs.
film casting, coextrusion vs. lamination, injection blow molding vs. extrusion blow molding.
Biaxial vs. uniaxial orientation how is it done and why does it matter?
Laminated layers function of each layer, pkg forms and their advantages, filling process
Advantages of injection blow molding compared to extrusion blow molding
Advantages of in-mold labels and the type of containers they are used on
Characteristics of crystallized finishes
Food and Beverage
Retails stores and how package characteristics are different for each
Factors that affect how food is packaged in the US
US consumer expectations and trends
Package requirements for food safety and quality
Food processing techniques how they are done, types of products/packages used for,
advantages/disadvantages
Advantages of flexible for retorting
Requirements/concerns for produce packaging and examples of how rigid and flexible are applied
Line extensions
Why new products fail
Convenience packages
How to reduce packaging waste according to the EPA
Product characteristics to consider when choosing the appropriate package
Flexibles
Advantages of using flexible
Categories and types of flexible packaging and how they are used
Characteristics of pouch seals (lap, fin, gussets) and products they are used for
Stand up pouches characteristics and advantages
Pillow vs. stand up pouches
Variations of stand up pouches convenience features
Styles of multi- and single-wall bags distinguishing characteristics and applications of them
Uses for wraps
Bag-in-box systems materials, uses, advantages
Nutraceuticals
Cosmetic and Personal Care
How this sector compares to food/bev package functions, margins, regulation
How cosmetics are defined
Examples of personal care products
Regulation compared healthcare
Use of color, shape, for graphics consumer demographics
Marriage of art and function
Luxury
Retailers and the need for fast launches
Cosmeceuticals product types
Examples of topical products
Product and material compatibility
Protection requirements
In-use environment package features for convenience
Concerns/requirements for primary packages appearance
Use of colorants and defects that occur
Shift towards tubes/laminations why this is happening, product types
Extrusion vs. laminated tubes advantages/disadvantages for product labeling
Advantages of hot stamping vs. applied labels
Use of components metallic shrouds, etc.
Relationship between marketing and packaging - price points (what % of price can go to the pkg?)
Tubes
Collapsible vs. non-collapsible tubes materials, applications, functions, advantages/disadvantages
Manufacturing of tubes impact extrusion, extrusion, lamination
Function of wide flat head closures
Shipping tubes strongest shape
Aerosols
Aerosol product applications
Types of propellants and their advantages/disadvantages
Aerosol package systems applications, propellant/product interaction, function
How pressure affects ability to dispense contents for each system
Captive propellant aerosols types, applications, package features/identifiers
Steel vs. aluminum aerosols advantages/disadvantages
Aerosol package valve assembly components and their functions
Spray patterns why they matter and how they function, product examples
Why aerosols are expensive to produce compared to other package options
Advantages and disadvantages of aerosols compared to other package options
Healthcare
Functions of US Pharmacopoeia - National Formulary (USP-NF)
Monograph
How pharmaceuticals are defined
Traditional prescription drug pkg and current shifts materials, styles, functions
OTC drug pkg functions compared to prescription
Relationship of drug administration and the dependence on pkg configuration examples
Parenteral drug packaging
Protective drug packaging hazards for concern and pkg solutions
Functions and challenges of child-resistant pkg and closure examples
Functions and challenges of tamper-evident pkg and pkg examples
Induction seals materials and performance
Features of a complete CR TE drug package
Materials and styles of drug packages and how they function
Types of pharmaceutical glass why needed, advantages/disadvantages
How medical devices are defined
Classes of devices and product examples
Major device package forms and materials
Porous vs. nonporous materials types and performance
Protection requirements for devices
Sterilization methods
Advantages of kits
Considerations when choosing how to package a device
Advantages of using Tyvek
Aseptic presentation
Costs compared to other market sectors
Regulatory requirements and challenges of the release process
Device testing requirements
Counterfeiting