Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

Berkeley - MCB - 31

1/27/2010MCB 31Lecture notesChristine LeeTransformation Problem review (posted on bSpace)Answers:1. There would be lawn of PenRA. Transformation is very rareB. DNA transforms bacteria but not vice versa2. There will be colonies but not a lawn; ju

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 9: Energy Metabolism2/22/10From Food to Energy Carbs to glucose (4 kcal/g) Fats to fatty acids (9 kcal/g) Proteins to amino acids (4 kcal/g) All 3 combined in metabolic pathways to form ATP (energy source for body functions)Metabolism sum

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 10: Nutrients involved in Energy MetabolismEnergy3/1/103/1/10Metabolic Pathways are Catalyzed By EnzymesEnzymesproteins (and RNA) that catalyze reactions but are not used up or changed duringthe reactionCoenzymea molecule that binds with an

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 11: Alcohol3/3/10Alcohol has been around for thousands of years6400 BC Neolithic peoples consumed berry wines4000 BC, Sumerians fermented grains/cereals ->beer, wine, other alcoholic beveragesEgyptians recorded 100 medical uses for alcoholFo

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 12: Fluids & Electrolytes3/8/10Fluids, electrolytesFluids,Fluids move freely and change form according to the shape of containerFluidsformBody fluids water + dissolved substances (solutes) = liquid portion of cells and tissuesBodysubstanc

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 13: Blood Health and Immunity3/10/12Blood's Role Nutrients have a role in improving or maintaining health and ability to prevent disease we can move towards better health or worse healthFunctions of Immune System protection from infectious d

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

3/15/2010Discovery ofVitaminsVitaminsFatFat-Soluble VitaminsDiscovery of vitaminsC. Eijkmanshowed that polished rice caused beriberi in chickens and nonpolished rice cured the disease.F.G. Hopkinsshowed that tiny amounts of certain factors from m

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

3/15/2010Discovery ofVitaminsVitaminsFatFat-Soluble VitaminsDiscovery of vitaminsC. Eijkmanshowed that polished rice caused beriberi in chickens and nonpolished rice cured the disease.F.G. Hopkinsshowed that tiny amounts of certain factors from m

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 14: Discovery of VitaminsFat Soluble Vitamins3/15/10History C. Eijkman: showed that polished rice caused beriberi in chickens & non-polished (brown) rice(a micronutrient) cured the diseaseF.G. Hopkins: showed that tiny amounts of certain fac

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 15: Vitamin D: The Sunshine VitaminFat Soluble Vitamin3/17/10With adequate sunlight, there's no need for dietary Vitamin DRegulation of Blood Calcium Primary Function of Vitamin D: maintain blood calcium concentrations Secondary function: bu

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

NST 10Spring 2010S.E. Fleming, ProfessorLecture 16: Minerals (& Vitamins) and Bone HealthBe able to define, and know the importance of, the following words and phrases:1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin DBoneCalcitriolCalciumCortical boneFluorideHydroxyapa

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 16: Minerals (& Vitamins) and Bone Health3/29/10Functions of Bone Provides structure & support in body for organs (protects lungs, brain) muscles for movement Metabolic functions reservoir for minerals (calcium, phosphorus-for ATP, fluoride

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 17: Energy Balance, Growth & Body CompositionMonday, 4/5/10Energy Balance Energy in (food you eat) - Energy out (expenditure) +: you eat more energy than you use gain weight : you eat less energy than you use lose weightchildren need + energ

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 18: Body Weight4/7/10Major requirements for energy:1) BMR2) Physical Activity3) Metabolism -Thermal EffectiveHealth Weight Means Reduced Risk of Disease Adult BMI vs. disease risk. As our BMI goes up, our disease risk goes up, but if our BM

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 19: Eating Disorders4/12/10Definitions any psychological disorders such as anorexia that involves insufficient or excessive food intake abnormal eating patterns. Abnormal eating habits to the detriment of physical & emotional healthClassific

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 20: Sports Nutrition4/14/10Definitions Physical Activity: any muscle movement that increases energy expenditure Leisure time physical activity: any activity unrelated to person's occupation recreational:hiking, walking, biking competitive sp

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 21: Pregnancy & Lactation4/19/10Desired Outcome of Pregnancy & Early Post-Partum Years Healthy mother & infant birth of full term healthy infant baby birth weight 6.5 9 lbs normal psychological & physiological development milestones for infa

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 22: Malnutrition4/21/10Good nutrition should be a goal worldwideMalnutrition malnutrition = state of poor nutritional health that can be improved by adjustments in nutrientintake underlies high infant mortality rates, poor childhood growth,

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 1: Nutritional Science & Toxicology1/20/10Professor de LumenAdministrative Notices Professor de Lumens office hours: Wed. 3-4 pm 231 Morgan Must attend discussion next week or GSI will drop you Audiocast on bspace, no slides tough Textbook,

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 2: Food Choices and Nutrient Needs1/25/10OutlineDefinitions:EpidemiologyHuman studies cohort studiesLaboratory studies animals, cellsSourcesDefinitions Diet: foods we eat Calorie:o Physics: calorie = energy required to raise temp of 1 g

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 3: Digestion & Absorption1/27/10Digestion and AbsorptionConverts food to nutrientsHappens in GI tractopening for converting foods to nutrientsMetabolism (nutrient assimilation) converts nutrients into building blocks of body andinto energyF

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 4: Carbohydrates2/1/10Carbohydrates contains carbon, hydrogen and oxygen Comes mostly from plant foodscereal grains, fruits, vegetables, roots produced by plants through photosynthesis Prof. Melvin Calvin (Berkeley)3 Monosaccharides: glucos

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 5: Carbohydrates 22/3/10Why Do we Need CHO? CHO provides energy 4 Kcal/gm Our body depends on CHO & fats for daily activity Light activity = 88% fat, 13% carbs Moderate activity = 55% fat ,45% carbs Intense activity = 33% fat, 67% CarbsCar

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 6: LipidsWhat are Lipids known as fats solid at room temp : fat liquid at room temp: oil insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as ether, hexane, chloroform Diverse: triglycerides, phospholipids, sterolsUses of Lipids in Food

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 7: Lipids 22/10/10Some digestion of fat occurs in the stomach1. Gastric lipase(lipase: breaks apart lipids)Activated by an acidic environmentActs on triglycerides containing short- & medium-chain fatty acidsBile helps in fat digestion and a

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lecture 8: ProteinsWhat are Proteins Contains Carbon, Hydrogen, O & Nitrogen Long chains of amino acids R group side chainBiosynthesis of Macronutrients Proteins: synthesized from amino acid based on sequence coded for in DNA many important molecul

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

NST 10MIDTERM EXAM 2 50 questions03.31.10The student is responsible to read and follow the instructions below.Failure to adhere to these instructions may result in 0 points earned on the exam.Please fill out the scantron exactly as instructed below:

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Exam 1 KeyVersion A1. A2. D3. D4. D5. A6. A7. B8. B9. B10. B11. D12. D13. C14. B15. A16. B17. C18. A19. C20. D21. E22. D23. C24. C25. D26. D27. A28. A29. E30. A31. D32. E33. C34. B35. D36. B37. E38. B39. D40. E41.

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Energy and Metabolism:DefineAnabolism:Catabolism:2. Digested carbohydrates are converted to glucose. List the four possible fates ofglucose once it is taken to the liver.3. Fill in the blanks for the steps to convert glucose to ATP:The first step i

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Exam 3 KeysVersion A1.A2.D3.B4.E5.B6.C AND E7.B8.A9.E10.C11.C12.E13.B14.E15.A16.B17.A18.C19.C20.B21.E22.C23.A24.B25.B26.B27.C28.E29.E30.B31.A32.E33.B34.D35.D36.B37.B38.D39.D40.C41.B42.C43.C44.D45.B46.E47.B4

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

Lily Van Tongeren-21125596Exam III ReviewMinerals and Bone HealthWhat are the two main functions of bone?1) provides structure and support in the body for organs such at the lungs andbrain and for muscles and their movement.2) Metabolic functions re

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

NST 10 Introduction to Human NutritionDepartment of Nutritional Sciences & ToxicologyUniversity of California, BerkeleySpring 2010Exam 1 ReviewWhat are the components of a healthy diet? Name the 4 pointsdiscussed in class and give an example of each

Berkeley - NST 10 - 10

NST 10 Introduction to Human NutritionDepartmentof NutritionalSciences& ToxicologyUniversityof California,BerkeleySpring2010Exam 1 ReviewWhat is a healthy diet? Name the 4 points discussed in class and give an example of each.o Adequate:Meetingyour

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 1EE114Lecture 1IC TechnologyR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE 1141Technological ProgressV acuum Tube1906T r a n s is to r1947In te g r a te d C ir c u it1958M o d e r n D is c r e teT r a n s is to r

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 2EE114Lecture 2Long Channel ModelR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE1141Basic MOS Operation (1)0V0VVD (>0V)0V With zero voltage at the gate, device is "off" Back-to-back reverse biased pn junctionsR. Dut

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 3EE114Lecture 3Common Source AmplifierSmall-Signal ModelR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE1141Let's Build Our First Amplifier One way to amplify Convert input voltage to current using voltage controlledcur

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 4EE114Lecture 4Operating Point CalculationsA Look at the Inner Workings of SpiceR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE1141Operating Point Calculations Calculating the operating point in the amplifier example fro

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 5EE114Lecture 5Gain and Biasing ConsiderationsFinite Output ResistanceR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE1141Common Source Amplifier Revisited Interesting question How much voltage gain can we get from this

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 6Lecture 6Intrinsic CapacitanceBandwidth-Supply Current TradeoffR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. Murmann1Common Source Amplifier Revisited Interesting question How fast can this circuit go? Ri models finite re

Stanford - EE - 114

L e c tu r e 7E x t r in s ic C a p a c it a n c eR . D u tto n , B . M u r m a n nS ta n fo r d U n iv e r s ityR. Dutton, B. Murmann1E x t r in s ic C a p a c it a n c eCovCjsbCjdbO v e r la p c a p a c ita n c e G a te to s o u r c e a n d g

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 8Lecture 8Miller ApproximationR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. Murmann1Analysis with Extrinsic CapsCgd1Rivi/Ri+vgs-Cgs2gmvgsroR+Cdb v o- Applying KCL at nodes 1 and 2, and solving for vo/vi yields

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 9EE114Lecture 9Dominant Pole ApproximationZero-Value Time Constant AnalysisR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #13)1Motivation Last lecture we saw that the Miller approximation is a veryuseful tool th

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 10Lecture 10Backgate EffectCommon Gate StageR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #14)1The "Atoms" of Analog Circuit DesignCommonSourceCommonGateCommonDrain As we've seen from the discussion s

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 11Lecture 11Common Drain Stage(Source Follower)R. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #15)1Common Drain StageVDD+v gs-VoIBR. Dutton, B. MurmannCgd+CgbviViRLCLCgsro-gmbvovoRLEE114 (HO

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 12Lecture 12PVT VariationsDevice MismatchR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO # 16)1Re-cap What weve covered so far Device modeling Analysis tools (Miller approximation, ZVTC) Fundamental stage

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 13Lecture 13Current MirrorsR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityB. MurmannEE114 (HO #17)1Basic Analysis (=0)IIVIVOM1W/LVgs = VI ! Vt +2IiWCoxLIOM2W/L1W(V ! Vt )CI O 2 ox L GS==1I I 1 C W ( ! V )VGSoxt2L

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 14Lecture 14Supply Insensitive Bias CurrentGenerationR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #18)1Poor Man's BiasI OUT " I IN =VDD ! Vt ! VOVR Issue: Current is essentially proportional to VDD E.g

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 15Lecture 15Voltage Biasing ConsiderationsR. Dutton, Boris MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #19)1Recap: Process and Temperature VariationsVBIBTransducerviVB = 2.5VRVoVI = 1.394VIB = 500AW/L = 20m/1m

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 16Lecture 16Differential PairR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #20)1Significance The differential pair is the most widely used two-transistor circuitin integrated circuits Many circuits rely on

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 17EE114Lecture 17Multi-Stage Amplifiers(Single-Ended)R. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #21)1Multi-stages-getting startedSo, what do we need to think about?What are constraints?Source signal/impedan

Stanford - EE - 114

EE114Lecture 18Lecture 18Multi-Stage Amplifiers(Differential Stages)R. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #22)1Single-Ended Cascading ProblemsVB1IBVB2IBVB3IB Output quiescent point voltage(VDS) is equal t

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 19EE 114Lecture 19Fundamentals of FeedbackPart IR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #23)1Negative Feedback Harold S. Black, 1927vin!v outavout = a(vin ! fvout )-vouta=vin 1 + aff Interestin

Stanford - EE - 114

EE 114Lecture 20Fundamentals of FeedbackPart IIR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #24)1Stabilityvi!a(s)-voA( s ) =voa( s )a( s )==vi 1 + a( s ) f ( s ) 1 + T ( s )f(s) Most general criterion: BIBO

Stanford - EE - 114

Lecture 21EE 114Lecture 21Feedback and Port ImpedancesR. Dutton, B. MurmannStanford UniversityR. Dutton, B. MurmannEE114 (HO #25)1U s in g F e e d b a c k t o M o d if y P o r t Im p e d a n c e s Feedback can be used to increase/decrease port i