for 09/07/11
Plan today/Details
Small group discussion of article
Continuation of overview of helping
Discussion of first helping session
Ethical issues in helping
Sign up for group-led research discussion on ELMS
by September 14th
First group presents on September 21st!
Self-examination paper also due September 21st
In groups of 3-4
1) Group members names
2) Overall responses to article okay if more than one.
3) Do you think the prevalence of mental disorders is
climbing?
4) What makes a study double-blind and why is it
important?
5) Could research about therapy ever misrepresent the
facts due to only positive studies being published?
Brief review of Wednesday
Discussed the three-stage model:
helping
reasons people help
reasons people get help
effectiveness of helping
cultural issues in helping
what affects helping outcomes
helping relationship.
Thinking about outcomes
Three categories of outcomes:
Remoralization enhancement of well-being
Happens
first, easiest thing to change.
Remediation symptomatic relief
Follows remoralization (slower pace)
Rehabilitation reduction of maladaptive
behaviors.
Longest time to accomplish.
Outcomes, continued.
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Social Role Performance
Different perspectives, different outcomes..
Therapist
Client
Close relationships (e.g. spouse/parents view)
Intentions and skills
During a session, a helper assesses the situation,
comes up with a plan or intention, and chooses a skill
based on that intention.
Web Form D
Reactions
The client reacts to the helper and decides how to respond, the
helper evaluates the response and the cycle starts all over.
Important to be aware of intentions, and choose skill based on
those intentions.
Web form G
Reactions may be hidden, unconscious, difficult to read,
affected more by perception of helper than individual skill.
Ex==
Directions for Monday
Review them in your syllabus if you havent already!
Meet in 2150
You will be put in groups of 3 as you come in
Bring all the supplies listed on the syllabus
Important to be on time
Example
A word about plagiarism
Idea plagiarism
Ethical Issues in Helping
What do you already know about ethics in helping
relationships?
What might make helping relationships
complicated from an ethical standpoint?
In this class
Other situations
General Ethical Principles
Autonomy right to make own decisions as long as
they dont adversely affect others.
Beneficence To do good
Nonmaleficence do no harm!
Justice fairness, equal opportunity to help
Fidelity - Trustworthiness
Veracity sixth not included in APA ethics Truth
Principles vs. Codes
Principles are aspirational
APA has 10 specific codes enforceable.
When the Code exceeds the law, follow the Code;
when the law conflicts with the Code, express
commitment to the Code and then follow the law.
Resolving ethical issues
If you feel there has been an ethical violation, attempt first
to resolve informally
Do not recklessly make allegations about ethical
misconduct. Get the facts.
law exceeds the code, then follow law
cant discriminate against another psychologist in
hiring/promotion because of prior ethics complaint
Competence
Provide services only to populations and in areas where
you are competent to do so, where you've had enough
education, training, and supervision.
Continue education
Don't work with people if you believe that your own
personal issues might interfere
Human relations
Don't or discriminate engage in sexual harassment.
Avoid harmful dual relationships (2 or more roles),
exploitative relationships (power).
Informed consent: understandable language. Inform
clients of any interruptions in service; make arrangements
Privacy and confidentiality
Maintain confidentiality, given limits imposed by law
(hurt self; other; sexual abuse; subpoenaed)
Discuss limits of confidentiality with individuals prior to
services.
Obtain permission to record voice
No identifying information not when talking to
colleagues or teaching!
Record keeping and fees
Maintain confidentiality.
In computers, use coding if client/participant has not
consented to others seeing material. Cannot withhold
records for emergency care for clients, if that client hasnt
paid.
Must discuss fee structure with clients; dont misrepresent
your fees
Education and training
If running program, make sure program provides
comprehensive training; keep current course packet
materials;
treat those in program ethically;
no sex with students or supervisees
Research and publications
Use informed consent procedures
dont offer excessive incentive;
justify use of deception in research; debrief participants;
report results accurately;
give publication credit accurately (student as principal
author on dissertation work, for example)
Assessment
Make sure assessments have good evidence to support
their use;
make sure assessments are appropriate to client issue,
language, culture
Therapy
Informed consent: course of therapy, fees, limits to confidentiality;
supervisor if therapist is trainee or not licensed
no sex with clients, former clients (for 2 yrs following termination,
and then only in unusual circumstances), relatives/friends of clients
if client is in treatment elsewhere, discuss with client, work to
minimize conflict/confusion
if you need to interrupt therapy (e.g., illness, vacation), make efforts
for continuation
terminate when therapy has reached its natural conclusion; or if
therapist feels threatened
prior to termination, provide pre-termination counseling, referral (if
warranted)
Ethics for beginning helpers
Recognizing limits
Recognize competence, only practice in those areas.
Consulting with supervisor
Recognizing when personal issues might get in the way
Confidentiality limits
Discussion w/your supervisor
Intent to harm self or other
Abuse of children/elderly/disabled
How would you handle it if you thought your client was about to
disclose abuse?
Beginning helpers,
continued
Educating clients about helping process
Focusing on needs of client
Topic
Gift giving
Harmful Dual Relationships
Different types?
Beginning helpers,
continued
Boundaries
Awareness of Values
Values more complicated than we often think
Culture
Characteristics of culturally
sensitive helpers.
Strive to understand own culture, how it influences work
w/clients
Strive to understand how beliefs about helping are influenced
by culture
Honestly confront biases, prejudices, discriminatory behaviors
- work to keep them out of the helping process
Wide range of skills, flexible
Knowledgeable about cultures of clients
Understand influence of discrimination and oppression
Acknowledge, address cultural differences between selves and
client, but communicate willingness to help
Seek supervision/refer when necessary.
Self Care!
Important for helpers to take care of themselves
Why?
How can they do this?