The 5) contradictions that the conjunction of documentary realism and trance pose concerning visual evidence, authenticity, and ethnographic subjectivity are the possession ritual is only complete by being witnessed, because the performance constitutes a proof of the existence of gods or spirits. As a spectacle, it challenges conventional forms of spectatorship and passive observation as spectators are often drawn into the trance. Films of possession do not necessarily retain the same structure of spectatorship. The difference between possession rituals and the filming of possession rituals is precisely the inscription of technology. The spectacle of ecstasy stands in for the experience of possession. a) For her, the trances were a hallucinatory realism in which reality and subjectivity were indistinguishable. The ethnographic context served to ground the trance in bodies and lived experience, which attracted her to an ideal cinematic spectacle but proved finally to exceed the limits of visual representation. b) The reasons why Deren wrote book a on the topic of Voodoun rather than her original plan of making a film were that her inability to edit the film footage and sound recordings that she collected there. Also, for her, a film could only show the "surface" of the rituals, not their underlying principle and mythology. c) Footage taken by Deren but was edited by Cheryl Ito after Deren's death, differ in style and content from Deren's methodologies: a. The explanatory male voice-over is greatly removed from the act of filming. The voice, and the text itself, is of an entirely differently order of language--impersonal, objective, authoritative, and oblique. b. The Ito version of the film includes a soundtrack composed of Dersen's own recordings, but it is overwhelmed by the voiceover and functions more like background music than an integral part of the ceremonies. c. The editing is fairly quick; as a result, the montage of people dancing, ritual animal sacrifices, parades, and so on is reduced to the status of images that illustrate a preconceived commentary.