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15 Pages

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Course: FOOD Food, Spring 2011
School: Xiamen University
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. . . : ( 1 , 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 32 : nutrition) nutriology) , nutrient) 1. ? 2. 2001 ,2002 2001 + + A D E K B6 B12 + The End

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. . . : ( 1 , 2 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 2 32 : nutrition) nutriology) , nutrient) 1. ? 2. 2001 ,2002 2001 + + A D E K B6 B12 + The End
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Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
64 1 60 45 15 2 2 3 2 60 2005 6
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) model ) (source) . (load) (line) switch) . . (circuit model)
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) (resistor) R1. 2. (Ohms Law)(1) Ri+u= Riu R ( ) : kG = 1/R ( )i+G : S (Siemens)G i= G uuR tg R u0i(2) iR (G)+uu = Rii = Gu3. i+p ui = i 2R = u2 / Rui+RRp ui = (R i ) i = i 2 R= u(u/ R) = u2/ Ru t0 t
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) (source) aa UU(E)U(E) Eb a b U= abb b a E= a- buS1. (a) (b) I5VR 5V+uS+2. iuUSu__(1) uS = US (2) uS (3) i 0i3. i(1) i=0+uS_(2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) ( Kirchhoffs Laws ) (Kirchhoffs current lawKCL ) (Kirchhoffs voltage lawKVL ) 1. (branch) (b)2. (node): ( n )3. (path) 4. (loop) ( l )5. (mesh) uS1+_1R1uS21a+_2332R3R2b=3n=2l=3b (KCL) ( ) i(t ) = 0
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
Y Y : , R II+U_+U_R R = U / I ( Series Connection of Resistors )1. :(a) (KCL) (b) (KVL) + u1i+Rk_+u _kReqRn+ unuu ukReq = == Rkii__i+R1u_2. i+u+uk_R1RkRkRkuk =u=uReq RkRn_ukRk iRk==u Rk i
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
+uS1 _+uS_+uS= uSk( )uSn _II+++5V _5V _5V _ i S .iS1iSk iSi Snni S = iSk1 :1uSiuSS2uSiSiS
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1 :1. 2. 3. KCL KVL 4. Y 1. (1) Rab Rac (2) Rab .4c422a4426a2. 10+6V_6Aa2AbaR+_0.62122bUsba423a(3) Rab .b4b4g3. R=32A(1) I1, I2, I3, Uab, Ueg 1A(2) R 5 , Ueg, I1, I2 IbIc4V2b3I3c2fI2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( )( ) KCL KVL IU=RIP=UI (branch current method )b=6n=4l=72i2R2R4i31R1i1R64+R5 KCL ( )i43R3i5i6uS b=6 1 i1 + i2 i6 =0 2 i2 + i3 + i4 =0 3 i4 i5 + i6 =0 4 i1 i3 + i5 =0 4 n n-1 KCL
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) 1 I1R1+US1_I2R2+US2_I3R3I4R4+US4_I1R1+US1_I2R2Ia+US2_I3IbR3IcI4 R4(1) +( )US4_(2) KVL (R1+R2)Ia -R2Ib= US1- US2-R2Ia + (R2+R3)Ib - R3Ic= US2-R3Ib + (R3+R4)Ic = -US4(3) Ia Ib Ic, I2=Ib-Ia , I3=Ic-Ib , I
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1 (operational amplifier) usrusc1. a_+udb+u+u+__15VA+o-15V+uo_+uscA== 105usra u-b u+o , uoA u-au+__ud+bUsatA+ouo+uo2. |ud| <Uds , uo=Aud-Uds0 Uds-Usat Usat=13V,u0=A ud=A(u+-u-)ud ud> Uds, uo= Usa
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
(Superposition Theorem) ( ) ( ) us=0) (is=0)i1R1+iaus1R2+ibus2R3+us1i1 = i11 + i12 + i13us3i11R1ia1+i12R2ib1R3R1ia2i13R2i+ b2us2R3R1ia3R2ib3R3+us3i1R1+iaus1R2+ibus2us11us 22ia =R11R21R3+us3R11ia
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
(Thevenin-Norton heorem) (passive) ( port )iNPbi+U_iaiIPR=U/I (active) iabAiabiAi6Vb?II4++a4U=3+2Iu+23V+u-- Uo Ri Uo Ri aaRiAbUo+-b :ia+ubAN'Ri+UocaA+ui=Ab i a+u'bu'= Uoc
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
(Tellegens Theorem)21243+N+-13N2142214353641214353642:1N62214353412146* * 3534N6 (u i ) =u i + u ik =1kk+ u3 i3 + u4 i4 + u5 i5 + u6 i61122= ( un1 un 2 )i1 + ( un 2 un 4 )i2 + ( un 2 un 3
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
2 :1. 2. 3. 1. R3R4R1 R2us12. Ix R5us2R2 + us us3R6is +u1 R1 2u1-Ix 5+24VR3iR336A+4IxR4+2iR3-3. ab I ab 2A20+20V-+40 10V20V + 40a4. I13 9b: U S1 = 100V, U S2 = 120V, R1 = R2 = 100R3 = 20, = 0.5: R x?R3+
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
i0Im , i(t)=Imsin( t+),t i(t)=Imsin( t+)1. (1) ( )Imi T=20 =d( t+ )/dt rad/s / T : s. f : Hz( ) :1f=T2 = 2f =Tti(t)=Imsin( t+ )( t+ ) ( )(3) t= 0
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
ii1i1 = 2 6 sin(t + 30 ) Ai2 = 2 4 sin(t + 60 ) Ai = i1 + i2ii2i = 2 9.67 sin(t + 42 )A1. A ( ) A=a+jb(j = 1 )1. A ( ) ImAb0aAO= Re[ A] |A| = Im[ A]aRea+jb A A =| A | (cos + j sin )Re a =| A | cos b =| A | sin(j = 1 A=a
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
i( t)+uR(t)-(1) u, i i ( t ) = 2 I sin( t + i )RuR ( t ) = Ri ( t ) = 2 RI sin( t + i ) (1)u i (2) u, i I+UR(3) UR=RIRU R = RIURI u = iI = GU(2) p R = uR i= U Rm I m sin 2 ( t + i )= U R I [1 cos 2( t + i )]pRuRiOtpR > 0R 1
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
KCL KVL i(t ) = 0 u(t ) = 0 I = 0U = 0 KCL KVL (phasor model )iRLuS+iLiCCR-USIRj L+ILIC1/j CRi
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
Z+IIU-+UZ-UZ==| Z | = R + jXI( = u i )def Z=R Z=j L=jXL Z=1/j C=jXC Y+I: YR = 1 / R+: Y L = 1 = jB LjLYU: YC = jC = jBC-IU-defY = I = G + jB =| Y | 'U|Y|BG( ' = i u )|Z|XR1Y=ZZRYjXZ = R + jX =| Z |
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
KCL KVL i = 0u = 0u = Rii = Gu KCL KVL I = 0U = 0U = ZII = YUiRLuS+iLiCCIRj LR-US+ILIC1/j C( ) 1) 2) 3) 4) R 1.3+us500 Fi1i2+2i14mH-uS = 10 2 sin 10 3 t V i1 , i2Z L = j
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. R RL L 90C 90RC 90 > > 01USR1I+I2j LI11/j CR2 U 2- U 2I = I1 + I 2U1ULUSU1 = U R + U LU S = U1 + U 2 URIIC U2I22. I R1 2.+U_+1R2UL2_+U2 U=115V , U1=55.4V , U2=80V ,R1=32
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
+IS = UI * VAS = U u I i ) = UIUN_ = u i= UIcos + jUIsin= P + jQ = S b Sk = 0k =1b *U kIk = 0k =1b ( Pkk =1+ jQk ) = 0* , I+U_b Pk = 0 k =1b Qk = 0 k =1+U_1+U2_.S = UI * = (U 1 + U 2 ) I *= U 1 I * +U 2 I * = S1
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
3 :1. .2. 3. 3. 4. i+uZ = Z u( t ) = 10 sin( 400 t + 60 ) V1i(t ) = cos(400 t 150 ) A2(a) =_ , f=_ , T=_.(b) U=_ I=_.(c) ui=_.(d) _ , |Z|=_, =_. , , 1.Ij L+ UL ++uR URU2.+U(1) I =R + L( 3) u = u R + u L222( 5) U
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
11i1+N1eu11 i e L=idie = Ldtdiu= Ldt 11i1 21+i1 11N1e11u11N2e21s121 21 N 2 21M 21 ==i1i1 11 = N 111 21 = N 2 21 M21 1 2 H 21 N 2 21M 21 ==i1i1i2 22s 212M21 1 2 HL2 12 N 112M 12 ==i2i2M12 2 1 H
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
i1. a. +iR1u12uu21*L1+M*L2uR2u = R1i + L1 di + M di + L2 di + M di + R2 idtdtdtdt= ( R1 + R2 )i + ( L1 + L2 + 2 M ) di = Ri + L didtdt R = R1 + R2L = L1 + L2 + 2 MRLib. iR1*L1+uMR2L2*+uu = R1 i + L1 di M di + L2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
I1+U1j L1j MI2**jL2++I2j L1U2U1+jM I 2U 2 = jL2 I 2 + jM I 1U 1 = jL1 I 1 + jM I 2I1I2+jL2+U2jM I 1L1 = L2 = 10 , M = 5 , R1 = R2 = 6 , U S = 6V ,MZ1R1 L1L2 I2+U ocR2_ 3: :I1US+_1US R1 +I1+_-L1j MI 2R2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
11i1i2+u1N2N12. 1) 1. 1) 2 2) k=1s = 03) L1 , L2 L1/L2 =n2 ( )22i1 11 1 +u2s121i2 22s 2121 = 11 + 1222 2 = 22 + 2111 1 = 2du1 = N 1 1dtu = N d 222dtu1 N 1=u2 N 2U1 N 1= 2 N2UU1 = I1 jL1 + I 2 jM2) U1I 2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
I+U_Rj L1j CZ = R + j(L 1 ) =| Z | C1 L >,C1 L <,C L=1/ C . 0L =1 0C0 =1LCf0 =12 LC1. ( )2. L C ( C ) RLC 1. U I 2. Z Z=R |Z| |Z|Z = R2 + X 2R0X L = 0L =XC =1LL=LCC11L== 0C 1 / LCC=== 0 L11LQ= =
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
G C L CL++us_RR L C Z = R + j(L 1 )C0 =1LCISU_GCG C L Y = G + j(C 1 )L0 = 1LCLR L C G C L |Z||Y|RG0|Z| U ( )IS / GI( )U/RO|Y| =G|Z| =R00US O0IS R L C G C L ICULUR =UIIG = IS UUCILUL( 0)=UC ( 0)=
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
3 :1. 2. 3. 1. (a)(b)R C2C1iCiL12. 0 663.3663Z( 0) CLL3. = 1000 rad / s , R = 5 , L1 = L2 = 10mH ,RZC = 500F , M = 2mH .L1ML2C Z 514. Z1 ,Z2 ZabZ1 4ZabZ2 561a5. 1 2 110V 220V 110V 1 2 Nb1ZLcN2du
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
120 AYCINSXZB1. AB+uAC+uBX2. uA ( t ) = 2U sin( t + )uB ( t ) = 2U sin( t + 120o )uC ( t ) = 2U sin( t + + 120o )+uCYZuOuAuBuCt3. UBU A = U0 o120UB = U 120 oUA120UC = U120 o( = 0)120UC4. u A + u B + uC = 0U
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. ( ) ( ) 2. IAIAA'A'ZN'B'INIBICC'IBZZI A'B'ZB'ZICC'ZI B'C'I C'A'3. YY Y0 Y0 Y Y 1. YY ( ) Y0 Y0( )aIAA+ U A = UZUA_NnUB = U 120 o_UZ_UCBcZb UC = U + 120 oIBBC++
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
( ) ( ) ( ) UANUCN+_N_+ZaN'ZNUBN+ZcZb Za Zb Zc U AN / Z a + U BN / Z b + U CN / Z cU N'N =01 / Za + 1 / Zb + 1 / Zc + 1 / ZNU AN' = U AN U N'NU BN' = U BN U N'NU CN' = U CN U N'NAUCNUC N'UN'NNUBNUBN'N'U AN'NNU ANB
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. P Z Pp=UpIpcos P=3Pp=3UpIpcosY : U l = 3U p , I l = I pP = 313U l I l cos = 3U l I l cos : U l = U p , I l = 3I pP = 3U l 13I l cos = 3U l I l cos(1) ( ) (2) cos cos A= cos B = coscos =C= cos PP=3U l I l 3U p I p(3) 2. Q=QA+Q
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
nonsinusoidal periodic excitation) (signal) 1. (generator) u(t)t2. u2 uSuSR_ t+D+u20_ (nonlinearity inductance) +usuSii0t3. f (t )f (t )f (t )0t0tt0
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1 2 (a) L C b) 3
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
5 : (U AB, U AN ABC).IAZLI abZLZZZZL = U AB = U AB(1) I ab( 2) I abZ2ZL + ZU ANU AB( 3) I ab =( 4) I A =ZL + Z / 32ZL + Z = U AB = U AN( 5) I A( 6) I AZL + ZZL + Z / 3 I A1U AN Z1NZN+Z3I A2U BN Z1+U C
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
KCL KVL ( ) L(M) C KCL KVL ( ) ( ) S ( )iR+USuCCSiR+USCuCS i = 0, uC = 0S i = 0, uC= US SuCiRUS+USCuC Ot1dw
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
t = 0+ t = 0 S (t=0) RLt=0 +USCuC0 0+2d uCduCLC+ RC+ uC = U S (t>0)2dtdt t = 0+ u i .t = 0 t = 0 t = 0 t = 0+ t = 0 f (0 ) = lim f ( t )t = t0 t = t0 t0 t = t0+ t0 t 0t <0f (0 + ) = lim f ( t )t 0t >0 ( )i+uCCqC (t )
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
(Zeroinput response ) ( ) RC (C R )S(t=0) i++CuCRuC (0)=U0du Ci = Cdtd uCuC + RC=0dtuRuC(t)=uC"=Aept( uC'=0)1p=RC RCp+1=0u C = Ae1tRCuC (0+)=uC(0)=U0U 0 = AeuC = U 0 e1tRCtRCt =0U0 A=U0( t 0)duC U 0i C = C=edt
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. RC 2. RL 3. ( RL )4. 4. +S(t=0)iR+US (t)uCC++USCuCuC (0)=0uC (0)=0uC = U S (1 eiRtRCuCUS) ( t )OUSi=eRtRC (t )tUS iROt :iR+ t=t0 +US (tt0)CuC t=t0 uC (t0 )=0uCUSOUSRtt0uC = U S (1 euC = U S (
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
RC RC , r ( t ) = rS ( t ) + rt ( t ) = rS ( t ) + Ae t=0+tr (0 + ) = rS (0 + ) + AA = r (0 + ) rS (0 + )r ( t ) = rS ( t ) + [r (0 + ) rS (0 + )]er ( t ) = r ( ) + [r (0 + ) r ( )]e rS ( t )r (0 + )tt()S 1.1A23F+uC t=0 S 1 u
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
(Unit impulse response) (t )h(t) (t ) ( t)s(t)h(t)d ( t ) (t ) =dtdh( t ) = s( t )dt (t )s(t)f (t )1o (t )h(t)11f (t ) = (t ) (t )11 s( t )s( t )1dh( t ) = lim [ s( t ) s( t )] = s( t ) 0 dtt(1) s(t) ( ) (2) s(t) (t)
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
6 :( a)( b) t=0 , =3 uC 10kS (t=0)uS110Vu_ C(t)+5kC 500 F +uo ib_ibuS25V t=0 S iR iR 2k1kS(t=0)6V 1k9V200pF+uC uC1(0)=0 uS1=100sin100tuS2=500sin(200t+30) V t = 0 S 2 1 i( t) i C1uS21+ 20 FC22S500+20 F us1V
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
S (t=0)Ri+uC+uL L-CuC = Ri + u LuC(0-)=U0i(0-)=0 uC(t) , i(t) , uL(t) .dui = C Cdtdid 2 uCuL = L= LCdtdt 2d 2 uCduLC+ RC C + uC = 0dt 2dtuC = Ae ptp1, 2LCp 2 + RCp + 1 = 0 R R 2 4L / CRR2 1== ( )2L2L2LLCp1, 2RR2
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
0.5u1+2A2 i1 1/6FS u1 2- 2-i21H i(t) i (1) KVLi1= i 0.5 u1di+ 2idt=i 0.5 2 (2 i) = 2i 22( 2 i ) = 2i1 + 6 i1dt +d2idi+ 8 + 12i = 12dt 2dt0.5u1(2) 2A2+u1 2-1/6F+uL-2 i i (0 + ) = i (0 ) = 0 di1= u L (0 + ) 0+L d
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1 X X =[x1,x2,xn]T t = t0 X(t0) t t0 e(t) t0 t0 X(t0)e (t ) t t 0Y(t)t0tL+ uL -+-iLCe (t )iC iR+uC R- 2uC ( 0) = 3Vi L ( 0) = 0e(0) = 10V uC
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
7 :( ) 42+1V5/6H41/5F+2V(a)1F0.5 1++1F u112 (t)V(b)+2u1 2 iL(t) t>01+ ( t)0.5FiLiC i R1/3 0.5H uS(t)=50 (t) V uC(t)=2116et + e4t V t 0 uS(t)=0 uC(t) (t>0) uSLCuCX = AX + BV X = [uC 1 uC 2 i L ]T i12iL1+1V1H1
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
KRCCn:11. (port)i1+u1Ni12. two-port)i1i2+u1i1Ni2+u23. i1i2Ni1i2i2i1i3NNi44. ii1i1'i1 = i1 + i i1i = i2 i i2'2i1Ri2N
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. Y 2. Z 3. T 3 T 1 T T I 1 = Y11U 1 + Y12U 2 I 2 = Y21U 1 + Y22U 2Y (2) = Y22 U + 1 IU122Y21Y21( 1)( 2)( 3) (3) (1) = Y Y11Y22 U + Y11 I 2I 1 122Y21 Y21 = Y22 U + 1 IU122Y21Y21 = Y Y11Y22 U + Y11 I 2I 1 122Y21
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. ( ) I1+U1I+'U1'1ITT'2+'U2 A B [T ] = C D U 1 A B U 2 = D I 2 I 1 C I+ 'U1'1IT'2I2+ 'U2 A B [T ] = C D U 1 A B U 2 = I 1 C D I 2 +U2I1+U1I'1+'U1ITT'2+'U2I+ 'U1'1IT'2I2+ '
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
1. 1 I1+U1I2 2N1'T 2 ZL +U22'U 1 = AU 2 BI 2 I 1 = CU 2 DI 2U2 = ZL I2ZLI2 21 I1+U1N1'+U2ZL2' 1 Zi U 1 AZ L I 2 BI 2 AZ L + BZi === DICZ L + DI1 CZ L I 22 Z i ZL ZL = ZC Zi = ZC ZC AZ C + BZi == ZCCZ C + D2CZ
Tsinghua University - EE - Ele
8 :1. 2. 3. Y Y1=Y3=Y5=0.1SY2=Y4=0.2SI1U1Y2Y1Y4Y3 Y5I2U2 Y Z 22I225IY11 Y12 Y =Y21 Y22 N Y N Y Z1NNZ28 2T=0.5 S 2.5 N (1) T (2) 1 US=6V R1=2 2 R 1 R= (3) 1 us=6+10sint V R1=2 2 L=1H C=1F 2 C N
BYU - ELANG - 105
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Phong LeQuoting1. Global Warming, Global MythDuring the 20th century, the earth warmed 0.6 degree Celsius (1 degree Fahrenheit), but thatwarming has been wiped out in a single year with a drop of 0.63 degree C. (1.13 F.) in 2007. Asingle year does no