15: Chapter Glucose Catabolism
Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list. Not all the answers will be used.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
K)
L)
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
pentose phosphate
pyruvate decarboxylase
hypoglycemia
phosphofructokinase
pyruvate
thiamine pyrophosphate
ATP
galactosemia
NAD+
fluoride ion
Emden-Meyerhof-Parnas
1. The enzyme ______ is not present in animals.
Ans: C
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
2. Vitamin B1 is a component of the coenzyme ______.
Ans: G
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
3. One product of glycolysis under aerobic or anaerobic conditions is ______.
Ans: H
Section: 15.1
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
4. Another name for glycolysis is the ______ pathway.
Ans: L
Section: 15.1
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
5. The coenzyme ______ is the oxidizing agent in glycolysis.
Ans: J
Section: 15.1.A
Level of Difficulty: easy
112
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
6. ______ is an inhibitor of enolase.
Ans: K
Section: 15.2.I
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
7. A genetic deficiency of a single transferase enzyme causes the medical condition known
as _____.
Ans: I
Section: 15.5.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose
8. The enzyme _____ is the major control point for glycolysis in muscle.
Ans: E
Section: 15.2.C, 15.4.A
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis, Regulation of Glycolysis
9. NADPH used in lipid biosynthesis is produced by the ______ pathway.
Ans: B
Section: 15.6
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: The Pentose Phosphate Pathway
10. The enzyme _____ participates in a regulatory substrate cycle with phosphofructokinase.
Ans: A
Section: 15.4.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Regulation of Glycolysis
Multiple Choice
11. Glucose is converted to ______ in skeletal muscle under anaerobic conditions.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
lactate
ethanol and carbon dioxide
propionate
glycogen
acetyl-CoA
Answer: A
Section: 15.3.A
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
113
12. Glycolysis produces a net of ______ ATP.
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
more than 4
Answer: B
Section: 15.1
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
13. Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP
to glucose?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
hexokinase
phosphoglucose isomerase
glucose-6-phosphatase
phosphoglucose mutase
aldolase
Answer: A
Section: 15.2.A
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
14. The enzymes that catalyze glycolysis are located in the
A)
cytosol
B)
nucleus
C)
mitochondrial matrix
D)
inner mitochondrial membrane
E)
endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: A
Section: 15.1
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
15. Which of the following enzymes forms a Schiff base as an intermediate in the mechanism
of its reaction?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
hexokinase
phosphoglucose isomerase
glucose-6-phosphatase
phosphoglucose mutase
aldolase
Answer: E
Section: 15.2.D
Level of Difficulty: moderate
114
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
16. Phosphofructokinase is allosterically inhibited by high concentrations of
A)
glucose
B)
ATP
C)
pyruvate
D)
fructose-6-phosphate
E)
None of the above
Answer: B
Section: 15.4.A
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Regulation of Glycolysis
17. In alcoholic fermentation, acetaldehyde is produced by
A)
the decarboxylation of pyruvate
B)
the carboxylation of pyruvate
C)
the decarboxylation of lactate
D)
the carboxylation of lactate
E)
None of the above
Answer: A
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
18. Phosphomannose isomerase catalyzes the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate to
A)
mannose
B)
mannose-1-phosphate
C)
glucose-6-phosphate
D)
fructose-6-phosphate
E)
galactose-6-phosphate
Answer: D
Section: 15.5.C
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose
19. The process by which ATP is formed from ADP in glycolysis is referred to as
A)
oxidation
B)
reduction
C)
substrate-level phosphorylation
D)
oxidative phosphorylation
E)
photophosphorylation
Answer: C
Section: 15.2.G
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
115
20. Experimental evidence indicates that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
contains a critical ______ residue in its active site, as shown by its inactivation by
iodoacetamide.
A)
alanine
B)
aspartate
C)
cysteine
D)
methionine
E)
lysine
Answer: C
Section: 15.2.F
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
21. Which is the net equation of glycolysis as it occurs in aerobic cells such as brain cells?
A)
Glucose + 2 ATP 2 lactate + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
B)
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 4 H+
C)
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H+
D)
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi 2 CH3CH2OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP
E)
Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 4 H+
Answer: B
Section: 15.1
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis
22. In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP consumed during glycolysis?
A)
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate
B)
Glucose glucose-6-phosphate
C)
2-Phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate
D)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate +
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
E)
Glucose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate
Answer: B
Section: 15.1, 15.2.A
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis, The Reactions of Glycolysis
23. Consider the following glycolytic sequence catalyzed by the enzymes above the arrows.
Which metabolite contains a high-energy bond that is used to drive the phosphorylation of
ADP to produce ATP?
O
CH
E1
H C OH
I.
E2
II.
E3
-2
CO2-2
C O PO 3
CH2
CH2OPO3
A)
B)
III.
E4
Intermediate I
Intermediate II
116
E5
IV.
E6
V.
C)
Intermediate III
D)
Intermediate IV
E)
Intermediate V
Answer: A
Section: 15.2.F
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
24. The reaction below is catalyzed by yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. Which of the following
corresponds to X and Y?
O
OH
CH3CH2 + Y
C H3CH + X
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
+
+
X = NADH
Y = NAD + H
+
X = NAD
Y = NADH + H+
X = NADH + H+ Y = NAD+
X = NAD + H+ Y = NADH+
X = NADPH + H+ Y = NADP+
Answer: C
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: Anaerobic The Fate of Pyruvate
25. During glycolysis, the steps between glucose and formation of the triose phosphates
A)
consume two ATP and two NADH molecules
B)
consume two ATP molecules
C)
produce two ADP and two NAD+ molecules
D)
produce two ATP and two NADH molecules
E)
consume two NADH molecules
Answer: B
Section: 15.1, 15.2.A 15.2.E
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis, The Reactions of Glycolysis
26. In skeletal muscle cells, the NADH that is produced by glycolysis under anaerobic
conditions (vigorous exercise) is regenerated to NAD+ by the conversion of:
A)
acetaldehyde ethanol
B)
lactate pyruvate
C)
phosphoenolpyruvate pyruvate
D)
pyruvate lactate
E)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
Answer: D
Section: 15.3.A
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
117
27. Which of the following metabolic conversions is considered to be the major control point
of glycolysis?
A)
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate +
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
B)
Glucose glucose-6-phosphate
C)
2-phosphoglyerate phosphoenolpyruvate
D)
Fructose-6-phosphate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
E)
pyruvate lactate
Answer: D
Section: 15.2.C, 15.4.A
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis, Regulation of Glycolysis
28. Galactosemia is a genetic disease characterized by the inability to convert
A)
galactose to glucose
B)
glucose to galactose
C)
sucrose to fructose and glucose
D)
lactose to galactose and glucose
E)
glycogen to glucose
Answer: A
Section: 15.5.B
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose
29. Which of the following compounds contains a high-energy bond and is used to produce
ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
O
C
H
C OH
A)
CH2OPO3-2
O
CO
-2
C O PO 3
B)
CH2OPO3-2
CO2-2
C O PO 3
C)
CH2
O
D)
CH3CCO2118
O
-2
CH3C OPO3
E)
Answer: C
Section: 15.2.J
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
OH
30. Which enzyme has an intermediate of the form presented?
A)
enolase
B)
aldolase
C)
pyruvate decarboxylase
D)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
E)
lactate dehydrogenase
Answer: C
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
H3C
C
T PP
31. If glucose labelled at the C-1 position with 14C passes through glycolysis, on which
carbon of pyruvate will the radiolabel be found?
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
It will be found on multiple carbons.
E)
It's impossible to predict.
Answer: C
Section: 15.2
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
32. Which of the following best explains why an enzyme hasn't evolved to catalyze the
following reaction as the first step of glycolysis?
glucose + inorganic phosphate > glucose-6-phosphate
A)
The use of ATP is required for this step to serve as a regulatory control point.
B)
The use of ATP is important because it helps keep the concentration low.
Otherwise the high [ATP] would slow glycolysis too much through feedback
inhibition.
C)
The large positive G' of this reaction would need to be overcome by an
exceedingly high [Pi].
D)
What are you talking about? That's exactly what does happen.
E)
None of the above provide a reasonable explanation.
Answer: C
Section: 15.2.A
Level of Difficulty: difficult
119
H
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
33. Which enzyme catalyses a reaction with an enediol intermediate?
A)
Phosphoglucomutase
B)
Phosphoglucose isomerase
C)
Phosphofructokinase
D)
Aldolase
E)
None of the above
Answer: B
Section: 15.2.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
34. During glycolysis (glucose > pyruvate), is there a net oxidation of the substrate carbon
atoms?
A)
Yes.
B)
No.
C)
It depends on whether the process is under aerobic or anaerobic conditions.
D)
It depends on the species doing the process.
E)
There are no carbons in glucose.
Answer: A
Section: 15.1, 15.2.F
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Overview of Glycolysis, The Reactions of Glycolysis
35. The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme aldolase has a G' +23 kJ/mol. In muscle cells,
the reaction proceeds in this same, forward direction. How can this occur?
A)
This G' means it is thermodynamically favored.
B)
The enzyme changes the G of the reaction in cells to something favorable.
C)
The concentration of reactant(s) must be significant greater than product(s) in
cells.
D)
The concentration of product(s) must be significant greater than reactant(s) in
cells.
Answer: C
Section: 15.2.D
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
36. Conversion of galactose to glucose is accomplished by a(n)
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer: A
Section: 15.5.B
epimerase
isomerase
mutase
kinase
hydrolase
120
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose
37. Methanol is highly toxic, not because of its own activity, but because it is converted
metabolically into formaldehyde, which is the actual poison. What enzyme catalyses this
conversion?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
pyruvate kinase
triose phosphate isomerase
alcohol transmutase
alcohol carboxylase
alcohol dehydrogenase
Answer: E
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: difficult
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
38. Which of these reactions never occurs in a human being?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
-ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoASH succinyl-CoA + NADH + H+ + CO2
glycogen(n) + phosphate <> glucose-1-P + glycogen(n-1)
maltose 2 glucose
succinate + FAD <> fumarate + FADH2
pyruvate + NADH + H+ CO2 + ethanol + NAD+
Answer: E
Section: 15.3.B
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Fermentation: The Anaerobic Fate of Pyruvate
39. Which enzyme is involved in substrate level phosphorylation in glycolysis?
A)
hexokinase
B)
pyruvate kinase
C)
glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase
D)
aldolase
E)
None of the above.
Answer: B
Section: 15.2.J
Level of Difficulty: easy
Learning Objective: The Reactions of Glycolysis
40. Which of the following best describes the entry of mannose into glycolysis?
A)
hydrolysed into two glucoses, they enter normally
B)
phosphorylated at C-1; UMP moiety transferred from UDP-glc; epimerized at
C-2; released from UMP moiety on next transfer as G1P
C)
phosphorylated at C-1; UMP moiety transferred from UDP-glc; epimerized at
C-4; released from UMP moiety on next transfer as G1P
D)
phosphorylated at C-6; epimerized at C-2 to produce G6P
E)
phosphorylated at C-6; isomerized to produce F6P
121
Answer: E
Section: 15.5.C
Level of Difficulty: moderate
Learning Objective: Metabolism of Hexoses Other than Glucose
122