K101, Biology Fall 2011
Dr. Kathy Marrs
PowerPoint TextEdit Art Slides for
Biology, Seventh Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
K101 Concepts of Biology
Book + Mastering Biology
Lectures: new material posted every Friday
Mastering Bio Warm Ups (45 pts)
Cooperative Learning (30 pts)
Exams (680 pts)
Lab (100 pts) + Lab Report (25 pts)
Recitation (100 pts) + Team Project (20 pts)
Expectations
Schedule
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University of Illinois at Chicago
Stanford University
A bit about my background
IUPUI, since 1998
You Are Here!
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K101 and Biology Club
Free Pizza!
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So lets get started!
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Q: What do you think is one of the most interesting areas of Biology today?
I think genetics is the most
interesting area because it is an
exceedingly complex field and
we've barely scratched the
surface. There is practically
endless potential for discovery
leading to advances in
many fields, especially medicine.
I think one of the most interesting
areas of Biology today is stem
cell research. I think this topic is
very appealing to me because of
the ability for stem cells to sort of
work as a internal repair system. I
find it fascinating to see what all
stem cells can do for humans.
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I think the most interesting is DNA.
It is amazing how today scientists
have learned how to replicate and
use the DNA. I also think it is
amazing how much we have
learned about it since it has been
discovered.
I personally feel that Biology as it
deals with the human brain is one
of the most interesting aspects of
modern Biology. Neurological
studies are one of the great
frontiers of science and I am
excited to see where human
knowledge goes in regards to
this area of study.
In the News, 21 August 2011
Why are these in the news this week?
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In the News, 21 August 2011
Three Waves of Evolutionary Innovation
Shaped Diversity of Vertebrates (Science)
X-MDR Superbugs overcome by
natural defense mechanism (Nature Medicine)
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Mutations in Ubiquillin2 cause
dominant and adult onset ALS (Nature)
Antibiotic molecule in bacteria may
stop breast cancer (Nature Chemistry)
Chapter 1: Biology: Exploring Life
Exploring Life
Biology: The study of life. A human endeavor!
Why?
Curiosity,
Career,
Relevance
5 Properties associated with life:
PowerPoint TextEdit Art Slides for
Biology, Seventh Edition
Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
"Themostbeautifulthingwecanexperienceis
themysterious.Itisthesourceofalltrueart
andscience".
AlbertEinstein
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Figure 1.3: What properties define life?
a. CL: Aliveor not?
1. Cellular Organization
1. Heredity
1. Growth and
Development
1. Reproduction
1. Response to the
Environment
Monera
(Behavior, homeostasis,
evolutionary adaptation)
Figure 1.15:
(Archaea)
Lifes Three Domains
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Copyright 2005 Fig .
Shared Education,
Protista
Plantae Characteristic?
Fungi
Animalia
Cooperative Learning 1:
Are Viruses Alive?
-Capsid protein shell + DNA / RNA
-Some have envelopes taken from host
-No cytoplasm, organelles, -compartments
-Can only reproduce by infecting a host
cell
The bacteriophage T4
preparing to infect
its host cell
Questions to discuss with a partner - Introduce
yourself!
1. In what way(s) of the 5 we discussed could
viruses said to be "alive"?
2. What components do viruses lack that are
shared by living organisms?
3. Are viruses "alive" or not?
Influenza virus particles (brown) invade cilia
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings(blue)
in the airways of the human lung.
Figure 1.4 Theme: Many Levels of Biological Organization
9 Organelles
Cell
Biosphere
8 Cells
Ecosystem
Atoms
10 Molecules
Community
Population
7 Tissues
The Cell is the Smallest Unit of Life
Prokaryotic cells: vast majority of life on
Earth - single cell, lack organelles.
Eukaryotic cells: nucleus, organelles
Biological systems are much more than the
sum of their parts = Emergent Properties
New properties emerge with each step upward
(ie: Chloroplast)
Organism
6
Organs
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Structure and Function are Correlated at All
Levels of Biological Organization: The leaf is a
perfect example of a structure specialized for its
function (Photosynthesis)
The Amazing Diversity and Unity Of Life:
There are at least 5 million and perhaps 10 - 100 million species on Earth!
6 to 7 million in tropics alone; 260,000 plant species,
50,000 vertebrate species (were one of those); 1,200,000 insect species...
However, even with all this diversity.....all forms of life show unity:
Are Based on the cell
Use the same genetic code (DNA and RNA; transcription, translation)
Share similar or identical metabolic pathways and enzymes
Share similarities of cell structure
Example 2: 5 December 2002:
Example 1: An example of unity underlying
the diversity of life: the architecture of cilia
in eukaryotes
Cilia of Paramecium.
Cross section of cilium [EM]
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Cilia of human windpipe
Nature reports the DNA sequence of the
Mouse Genome. A big finding: over 99% of
all mouse genes have a direct counterpart
(or 'homologous gene') in humans..
Way cool!
1 July 2005
Science began publication on 3 July 1880.
For more info, see the introduction to the
issue: What Dont we Know?
What Is the Biological Basis of Consciousness?
Greg Miller
Why Do Humans Have So Few Genes?
Elizabeth Pennisi
What Controls Organ Regeneration?
R. John Davenport
How Does a Single Somatic Cell Become a
Whole Plant?
Gretchen Vogel
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Table 1.1 The Major Themes of Biology
- read at home!
Objectives for Ch 1: after reading
Chapter 1, you should be able
to:
1.
2.
List the levels of chemical /
biological organization from simple
to complex, and list a structure
found at each level
3.
Explain the basic 'steps' of the
scientific process
4.
Explain the use of the word 'theory'
in the scientific process
5.
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List characteristics that distinguish
living organisms from non living
objects
Explain the major themes of
biology (Table 1.1)