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K5-2%20Subjunctive%20I-1

Course: GERM 433, Spring 2011
School: UBC
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433- Germ A. OBrien Kapitelgruppe 5 2(pp. 261) Subjunctive I Notes bungen Konjunktiv I (special subjunctive) In chapter 5 of chapter group 4 we have investigated the forms and function of Konjunktiv II. The prime function of the subjunctive is expressing contrary to fact statements or polite requests. In this section we take a closer look at the so called Konjunktiv I. This is a very rare form in English...

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433- Germ A. OBrien Kapitelgruppe 5 2(pp. 261) Subjunctive I Notes bungen Konjunktiv I (special subjunctive) In chapter 5 of chapter group 4 we have investigated the forms and function of Konjunktiv II. The prime function of the subjunctive is expressing contrary to fact statements or polite requests. In this section we take a closer look at the so called Konjunktiv I. This is a very rare form in English although older writings still contain aspects of it; a good example is an expression such as if this be so. In German, however, the Konjunktiv I is still used frequently as a device to report indirect speech. English newspapers need to repeat at various intervals he/she said, .... This is not necessary in German: the appearance of the Konjunktiv I indicates that ideas, not necessarily those of the author, are being stated. Although this form still has other uses (such as stating a wish that is likely to come true), this is by far its most common function. Structure of the Konjunktiv I Lets have a look at an example to demonstrate the structure of the Konkunktiv I and to see how it functions in context. Suppose the president of a country gave this little speech: Es geht uns gut. In der Wirtschaft gibt es keine Probleme. Unsere Zukunft ist gesichert. Meine Partei wird immer nur das Beste fr das Land tun. Wir profitieren alle von der neuen Regierung. (Things are going well for us. There are no economical problems. Our future is secured. My party will always do whats best for the country. We all profit from the new government.) A reporter could and often does report such a speech as follows: Der Prsident sagte, es gehe uns gut. In der Wirtschaft gebe es keine Probleme. Die Zukunft sei gesichert. Seine Partei werde immer nur das Beste fr das Land tun. Wir profitierten alle von der neuen Regierung. (The president said, that things are going well for us, that there are [ would be] no economical problems...) You probably have noticed that some of the verb forms in the second set of the statement look similar but not identical to the first one. This comes about because the Konjunktiv I has been employed. By quoting the president in this way that is by using the Konjunktiv I the reporter disassociates her/himself from what the president said. S/he is not taking any responsibility for the true value of the president's speech. Please note in the last sentence: Wir profitierten alle von der neuen Regierung; that the final verb is profitierten, a Konjunktiv II form because the Konjunktiv I form is wir profitieren, which is, of course, the same as the Prsens. Of course you may say profitierten looks like a Prteritum form, and you are right, only, as we have pointed out the context tells us it has to be a KonjunktivII form, because someone is quoted and the writer/speaker distances him/herself from the original statement. Forms of the Konjunktiv I The Konjunktiv I is a very regular mode. Er sagt, er hre gern Opern. Herr Jiang Maolin fragt, ob man den Stau umfahren knne? Der Wissenschaftler berichtete, dass die Exportrekorde in Deutschland weiter stiegen. 1 To form the present of the Konjunktiv I, one takes the stem of a verb (infinitive) and adds the endings we have already used for the Konjunktiv II. Take the stem of the verb Remove the -en ending Replace with the subjunctive endings (-e, -est, -e, -en, -et, -en) HREN GEBEN STUDIEREN HABEN ich hre gebe studiere habe du hrest gebest studierest habest gebe studiere habe wir hren geben studieren haben ihr hret gebet studieret habet Sie/sie hren geben studieren haben er/sie/es hre The forms of sein are as follows: SEIN ich sei du seiest er/sie/es sei wir seien ihr seiet Sie/sie seien Quelle: http://www.travlang.com/languages/german/ihgg/subjun01.htm You can see that even sein is quite regular. When looking at verbs such as hren, that is weakverbs, one finds that some forms are identical with the Prsens - sie hren. When reading texts in which other people are quoted indirectly or reference is made to their ideas, you will see that forms that are identical with the Prsens are avoided. Instead of using the form sie hren when reporting a what group of people did, the Konjunktiv II is employed: sie hrten. Der Reporter berichtet weiter: Der Prsident sagte auch, dass man die Umwelt schtzen msse. Alle seien in gleicher Weise dafr verantwortlich. Viele Leute aber tten nichts dafr. Konjunktiv I: the other tenses Now lets have a look at the past tense of the Konjunktiv I. Der Reporter endet seinen Bericht mit: 2 Zum Schluss sagte der Prsident, er habe oft darber nachgedacht, was man besser machen knne, und er habe beobachtet, dass es noch immer in einigen Bereichen Probleme gebe. Diese msse man in nchster Zeit angehen. Er wnsche sich und dem Land und seinen Einwohnern dabei viel Erfolg. The past tense forms look almost like the Perfekt. The difference is that the Konjunktiv I forms of the auxiliaries are used instead of the Prsens Indikativ forms. bung: Review - Identify the Konjunktiv I forms in the following sentences Identify and mark the Konjunktiv 1 forms in the following statement sentences. Note, that there are also two Konjunktiv I forms in the perfect tense (i.e. you have to identify more than one word). EXAMPLE: Wilhelm Tell sagt, Geler fahre nach Uri. ANSWER: Wilhelm Tell sagt, Geler fahre nach Uri. a. Geler lebe jetzt in Uri. b. Er lasse einen Hut auf einen Stock hngen. c. Jeder msse sich vor dem Hut neigen. d. Ein Knecht sitze dabei ... e. ... und passe auf f. Geler sagte, Tell solle einen Apfel vom Kopf seines Kindes schieen. g. Tell habe sich aber zunchst geweigert. h. Schlielich habe er doch den Apfel vom Kopf seines Kindes geschossen. . Meaning of the Konjunktiv I There is no translation for the Konjunktiv I. It signals that someone else's ideas are being presented . Leih' mir deinen Manager Geliehene Fhrungskrfte lsen Probleme und gehen wieder, wenn sie ihren Job erledigt haben Leasing ist nicht mehr nur ein gngiges Modell, wenn es um Autos, Computer oder HiFi-Anlagen geht. Auch der Erfahrungsschatz und das Know-how eines Spitzenmanagers knnen geleast werden. InterimManager, geliehene Top-Krfte, werden vor allem dann ins Unternehmen gerufen, wenn es etwas umzustrukturieren gibt, wenn es kriselt oder einfach eine frische Brise her muss. Peter Ullmann ist seit drei Jahren in der Unternehmens-Welt unterwegs. Der 63-Jhrige braust von einem Einsatzort zum nchsten. Er analysiert, packt an, lst Probleme. Mit dem Blick eines objektiven Externen setzt er fremde Unternehmen wieder auf die richtige Spur und stellt gestrauchelten Inhabern seine Expertise zur Verfgung. Auf ihn warten immer wieder neue Herausforderungen, das mache groen Spa, sagt Ullmann, der bei seiner Arbeit auf 40 Jahre Berufserfahrung in Banken und im Holdinggeschft zurckgreifen kann. Er habe ein Drittel seiner Karriere damit verbracht, Unternehmen zu fhren. Dieses Wissen setze er jetzt ein und helfe Geschftsleitungen, ihr unternehmerisches Denken und Handeln zu verbessern. Das Modell der Leih-Manager erfreut sich zunehmender Beliebtheit. Nach Christoph Pech, Geschftsfhrer der Hamburger Management Angels GmbH, verzeichne seine Firma ein stetiges 3 Umsatzwachstum, immer mehr Unternehmen zeigten Interesse an dem flexiblen Personalmodell. Konkurrent Dietmar Kablitz, Chef der Mnchner EIM Executive Interim Management GmbH, nennt einige Grnde. Unter dem derzeitigen Wettbewerbsdruck knne es sich kein Unternehmen mehr leisten, bei Management-Problemen zu zgern. Ihr Leih-Personal sei kurzfristig verfgbar. Mittlerweile gebe es auch zahllose Referenzprojekte, die zeigten, wie erfolgreich Interim-Manager arbeiten. [] Interim-Manager gehen zielsicher an ihre Aufgaben heran. Sie sind keine Theoretiker, sondern Macher und darauf spezialisiert, in krzester Zeit Lsungen zu prsentieren und umzusetzen. Als unabhngige Einzelkmpfer konfrontieren sie Geschftsleitungen oft mit Wahrheiten, die ein Festangestellter nicht uern kann, auf firmeninterne Seilschaften mssen sie keine Rcksicht nehmen. Christoph Pech erklrt, wenn man Karriere machen wolle, sage man sich nicht, dass die letzte Marketing-Kampagne des Chefs schlecht war. Ein Interim-Manager knne sich das ohne Rcksicht auf Verluste erlauben, es sei sogar seine Aufgabe. Sddeutsche Zeitung 27.03.2002 (slightly altered) 4
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UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 3 (pp. 271)Infinitive Phrases Futur II Notes bungenTEXT: An Voltaire (1777) (p. 273) annotated belowInfo:http:/www.visitvoltaire.com/voltaire%27s_later_life_v_and_frederick_prussia.htmInfinitive phrasesThe passage i
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 - A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 4(pp. 281)Extended Adjectival Constructions Notes bungTEXT: Erfahrung wichtiger als das Studienfach (p. 282-283) annotated belowExtended adjectival constructionsso called extended adjectival constructions are used
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 5 (p. 291)Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (p. 293)Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung ist (foundation) eine gemeinntzige (nonprofit) Stiftung zur Frderung (promotion) der internationalenForschungskooperation, erri
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 1-3 (pp. 36)KEYStructural Knowledge Word Categories (p. 37-41)Structural Knowledge Word Categories Notes bungIn this section you will find a summary of the word categories, which have been introduced in K1 -3,followed
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 1-4 (pp. 49)Frequent Prefixes and Suffixes For Reference (p. 53)Frequent PrefixesUndas Unglck (misfortune), das Unrechtexpress negation, mis-, in(injustice)Andie Anomalieexpress negation, an-, abdas AnorganischeGege
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 - A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 1-1KEYCOGNATES (p. 19)Focusing on cognates, internationalisms and names is a good way to approach a text.When you read a new text look for all possible words or signs you already know. Probably you knowthe English w
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 1-5 (pp. 59)VerbsKEYK1-5 BerlinDaten und Fakten (p. 61-62)Berlin ist ein Land und zugleich (at the same time) eine Stadt, nicht zuletzt Hauptstadt derBundesrepublik Deutschland. Mit 3,4 Millionen Einwohnern darunter
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 2-1 (pp. 73)KEYNOTES SUMMARY Reference bungYoutube: Airbus 340 (2min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=r8lNrepJXi8Youtube: German Transrapid Emsland 500 km/h (7min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=9wU_Ib5VRDk&feature=relate
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 2-2 (pp. 87)KEYYoutube: RePower 5M Offshore Wind turbine animation (2min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLFX0n7WRA4K2-2 Text Notes (p. 88)Spitzentechnologie 2 (p. 88)Windenergie: Mit einer Nennleistung (power rating)
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 2-3 (pp. 97)KEYK2-3 Alles bleibt anders (p. 99)Branchenreport IngenieureDie Automobilindustrie erlebt einen krftigen Wandel:(The automobile industry experiences a strong/big change.) Technologien, neue Mrkte undWettb
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 1-2 (pp. 25)Articles Singular & Plurals (p. 31-32)KEYSingular and Plural of German NounsWhat are nouns?A proper noun is e. g. the name of aspecific company: Berlitz, LangenscheidtA common noun is referring to e. g.
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 2 4 (pp. 105)KEYQuelle: http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=7iP8ubVJHSwYoutube: Heidelberg (2min)Quelle: http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRbSJ0q4jw0&feature=relatedYoutube: Heidelberg Romance (9 min)K2-4Attraktiver Studiens
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 2 5 (pp. 113)KEYText Notes: K2-5 (p. 114-115)Tourismus Kickdown ins ParadiesFr Chinesen war es lange nur ein Traum: Autobahnfahren in Deutschland.(For Chinese it was for as long time only a dream: driving a car in Ger
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 3-1KEYYoutube links to:http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJRJaFect3Y&feature=related (5 min)The Institutions of the European UnionImpression of EU & European Anthem (Beethoven: Ode to Joy) (5min)http:/www.youtube.com/wat
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 3-2 (pp. 141)KEYNouns Pronouns- da-Compounds ReferenceSprachenvielfalt (p.142)Die Europische Union basiert auf der Idee der "Einheit in Vielfalt (diversity)":unterschiedliche Kulturen, Sitten (customs) und Gebruche (c
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 3-3 (pp. 155)KEYModal verbs and Separable Prefix verbsNotes bungenSchulen in Deutschland (p. 157)Schulen in Deutschland (p. 157)Die meisten Kinder beginnen die Grundschule, (most children start elementary school)wen
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 3 4 (pp. 168)KEYSimple PastNotes bungenYoutube link to:A Brief Summary of the history of European Union enlargement (3min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE6QgoykLZU&feature=relatedEuropehttp:/europa.eu/abc/history/a
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 3 5 (pp. 181)KEYReflexive pronouns Notes bungYoutube links to:Shell Eco-marathon Europe 2010 - May 5 Highlights (2.5 min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=GV2GmknwkeU&feature=relmfuhttp:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqT3bO4xW
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 4 1 (pp. 181)KEYBrderchen und Schwesterchen (p. 190-191)Es waren sein to be einmal (once upon a time) zwei Kinder, ein Junge und einMdchen, die hatten haben eine bse Stiefmutter (an evil, wicked). Eines Tages nahm neh
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 4 2 (pp. 202)Dependent Clauses IIKEYDaniel Defoe: http:/www.enotes.com/authors/daniel-defoeRobinson Crusoe: http:/fiction.eserver.org/novels/crusoe.htmlRobinson Crusoe. Daniel Defoe, (p. 203)Arena-Taschenbuch, 1991.
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. ObrienKapitelgruppe 4 3 (pp. 211)KEYTenses Notes bungLutherstdte - von Wittenberg nach Eisenach | Video des Tages (5 min) (in German)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCJbwGhZNtg&feature=relatedGottes Speise (p. 212)Lutherhaus: http:/www.lu
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 4 4 (pp. 225)Passive Voice - Notes bungKEYApfelkuchen mit Streusel: http:/www.lecker.de/videos/backen/video-1769376backschule/Apfelkuchen-mit-Streusel.htmlApfelkuchen mit Streusel (p. 227)Teig: (batter/dough) 100 g Bu
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 4 5 (pp. 237)KEYBritish William Tell meets the Swisshttp:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=uwSLUu2guSc (3min)The William Tell Overture live on Letterman 1998 (5 min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JNYMNa3OLcCreative Quotations
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 1 (pp. 249)KEYDie Grundrechte (p. 250-251)Art 3Modal verbs and Passive Forms Notes bungWeimar Bonn Berlin: Milestones in German History I (2 min)http:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=_gWhPCQA7Q8&feature=relatedWeimar Bonn
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433- A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 2 (pp. 261)Subjunctive I Notes bungenKEYLeih' mir deinen Manager (p. 262)Geliehene Fhrungskrfte lsen Probleme und gehen wieder, wenn sieihren Job erledigt habenLeasing ist nicht mehr nur ein gngiges Modell, wenn e
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 3 (pp.271)Infinitive Phrases Futur II Notes bungenKEYInfo: http:/www.visitvoltaire.com/voltaire%27s_later_life_v_and_frederick_prussia.htmInfinitive phrasesAn Voltaire (1777) (p. 273)In dem Verhltnis, wie die Vlker
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Germ 433 - A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 4 (pp. 281)Extended Adjectival Constructions Notes bungKEYErfahrung wichtiger als das Studienfach (p. 282-283)Die Ford AG macht aus arbeitslosen (turns unemployed academics) Akademikern undStudienabbrechern (unive
UBC - GERM - 433
Germ 433 A. OBrienKapitelgruppe 5 5 (pp. 291)KEYDie Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung (p. 293)Die Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung ist (foundation) eine gemeinntzige (non-profit)Stiftung zur Frderung (promotion) der internationalen Forschungskooperation
Stanford - ECON - 1A
Lecture notes
Stanford - ECON - 1A
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Lecture 9 - Costs and Changes at Firms Over TimeMonday, October 10, 201110:09 AMCost curve diagramWhen MC > ATC, ATC is incr;When MC < ATC, ATC is decrTotal cost = fixed cost + variable costAvg TC = TC/QAvg FC = FC/QAvg VC = VC/QMarginal C = cha
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Lecture 8 - Efficiency and DWLThursday, October 06, 201110:09 AMConditions for Pareto Efficiency marginal benefit = marginal cost (for last item produced) MC of each good should be the same for all producers MRIs are reasonably competitive If MC ar
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Lecture 7 - Efficiency of MarketsSaturday, October 15, 20113:31 PMINTERACTION IN COMPETITIVE MARKETSCompetitive Equilibrium Model Market supply curve derived from MC of e/seller Market demand curve derived from MB of e/buyer Model prediction: when
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Lecture 6 - Derivation of Supply CurveTuesday, October 04, 201110:06 AMQty produced Price = $35 Price = $70 Price = $100Assumption about firm's behavior Apply to general economics rule:People0 Profits = total revenue - total costs Total revenue =
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Lecture 5 - Derivation of Demand CurveSunday, October 02, 201110:02 PMPrice of grapes"Willingness to pay" approach How much x to buy at different prices of x when wecan buy anything else (grapes vs. bananas,blueberries, kiwis, etc.)Qty of grapes D
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Lecture 4 - Using Supply and DemandSunday, October 02, 20118:07 PMPrice controls (by gov't) Price ceiling: sets max allowable price for a good -> shortage (if lower than EQ price) Price floor: sets min allowable price for a good -> surplus (if higher
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Lecture 3 - The Supply and Demand ModelWednesday, September 28, 201110:04 AM Supply *Relationship between price and quantity supplied Describes behavior of firms Upward sloping Shifts of curve vs. mvmts along curve Shift to right = supply increase
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Lecture 2Tuesday, September 27, 201110:05 AMProduction Possibilities table Choice btwn more movies, computers More movies -> fewer computers (the opportunity cost ofproducing 100 rather than 0 is a 1000 computers) Notice: increasing rate of opportu
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Lecture 1Tuesday, September 27, 201112:38 AMWhat is the basic idea at the center of econ? choice, scarcity, interaction People make choices with scarce resources and, indoing so, interactWhy does scarcity imply a choice among alternatives? People
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Ch. 13 RQSunday, December 11, 201112:47 PM1. What are fringe benefits? How significant a part of avg pay are they in the U.S.?2. Why is it important to distinguish btwn real wages and nominal wags? What about btwn hourlywages and weekly wages?3. Why
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Ch. 12 RQ, RSunday, December 11, 201112:43 PMREVIEW Main gov't actions constituting antitrust policy: breaking up monopolies, preventing mergers thatwould create too much mkt power, and enforcing laws against price fixing Aim to incr competition to
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Ch. 11 RTuesday, October 18, 20113:16 PM Model of monopolistic competition: characterized by many firms selling differentiated products in an industry with freeentry and exit A hybrid btwn competitive firm and monopoly Product of e/ firm is slightly
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Ch. 10 R, RQMonday, October 17, 20118:52 PMReview Monopoly is when one firm is the sole producer for a product with no close substitutes Monopolies have market power to affect the market price D curve of monopoly is same as market D curve MR < P at
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Ch. 10 KPMonday, October 17, 20118:42 PMKey points A monopoly occurs when only one firm sells a product for which there are no close substitutes. A monopolist possesses market power it can lower the mkt price by producing more It can raise the mkt
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Ch. 9 RMonday, October 17, 20119:16 PMReview Profit potential -> firm entry/exit Positive econ profits -> new firms enter Negative econ profits -> firms exit Long run competitive equil: indiv firms makezero econ profits (P = ATC), no entry or exit
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Lecture 36 - Fiscal PolicyTuesday, December 06, 201110:07 AMAggregate demand and consumption Rcl: agg d can be obtained by adding up spending: C + I + G + X Y=C+I+G+X Watch out: C depends on Y b/c Y is income too (consumptiondepends on income) E.g
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Lecture 35 - Monetary PolicyMonday, December 05, 201110:09 AMBASIC IDEA OF THEORY OF ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS Departures of real GDP from potential GDPEconomic Fluctuations What causes EFs when real GDP fallsbelow or rises above potential GDP? What c
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Lecture 33 - Productivity & Economic Growth IIFriday, December 09, 20115:11 PMHelpful hints on growth rates Growth rate of x:g= Avg. annual growth rate over several yearsg=(where n = #years)What about quarterly data? Still want to express growth
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Lecture 32 - Productivity and Economic GrowthTuesday, November 29, 201110:09 AMProductivity growth over 300 years, no growth 'till1785, but increased after Industrial RevolutionLecture 6 slide 13: production function for one firmoutput = F(labor) or
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Lecture 31 - Introduction to MacroeconomicsMonday, November 28, 20118:51 AMMACRO (big picture!) Topics Economic growth Economic fluctuations Variables GDP Unemployment Inflation rate Interest rate Monetary policy Fiscal policy Requires a mod
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Midterm II ReviewTuesday, November 15, 20117:22 PMMonopolistic competitionGame theoryDuopolyRegulation, AntitrustDuopolyP = a-bQ(total)Q(total) = q1 + q2Profit = pq1 - cq1Q1 = (a-c)/2b - q2/2If a = 20, b = 2, c = 8, NE?Q1 = 3 - q2/2; q1 = q2
Stanford - ECON - 1A
Lecture 30 - Trade Policy: Strategy TacticsSaturday, December 10, 20113:39 PMARGUMENTS MADE AGAINST FREE TRADE Infant industry argument, nat'l security argument (previous lecture) Other countries are subsidizing their firms/industries But they are g
Stanford - ECON - 1A
Lecture 29 - International Trade PolicySaturday, December 10, 201112:39 AMWHAT ABOUT DIFFERENT CURRENCIES? Examples suggested that everything was priced indollars Need to show how the analysis goes through withforeign currenciesDETERMINING THE PRI
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*Lecture 22 - Externalities and Public GoodsWednesday, November 02, 201110:28 AMGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONPUBLIC GOODS Two key properties Non-rivalry in consumption If I consume more, others do not need to consume less Non-excludability You cannot p
Stanford - ECON - 1A
*Lecture 21 - Transfers and Income DistributionTuesday, November 01, 201110:07 AMENTITLEMENTS TODAY About half of senior citizens in U.S. get entitlements More than half of American children live in households receivingsome federal assistance 80% o
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Lecture 20 - Tax PolicySunday, December 11, 201112:03 PMTypes of taxes Personal income tax (all types of income) Payroll tax (15.3% of wage and salary income) Social security (employee pays 6.2%, up to$106,800; same for employer) Medicare (employe
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Lecture 19 - Patents and CopyrightsSunday, December 11, 201111:52 AM1) Basic rationale2) Recent US policy changesRationale for Patent, Copyright Grant a temporary, ltd monopoly to an inventor or creator US Patent: 20 years US Copyright: 95 years
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Lecture 18 - Labor Markets IISaturday, October 29, 20118:30 PMBasic prediction of labor mkt theory Wages related to worker productivity Marginal revenue product = wage MRP = W (or W/P = MP) Labor productivity and compensation move together(Causati
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Merger policyFactors to consider in proposed merger Market power (Price-cost margin) Ease of entryLecture 17 - Labor Markets ITuesday, October 25, 201110:10 AMROLE OF GOV'THHI "Herf" Sume of squared market shares e.g. a 3 firm industry (30 30 40
Stanford - ECON - 1A
Lecture 16 - Economic Regulation and AntitrustSaturday, December 10, 20114:03 PMDuopoly p = a - bq q = q1 + q2 Profit of firm 1 = pq1 - cq1 =(a-bq)q1 - cq1 =(a-b(q1+q2)q1 - cq1 =(a-c)q1 - bq1^2 - bq1q2 Definition of Nash Equilibrium Firm 1 maxi