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Electronic properties lecture 1
Course: MS 115a, Fall 2009School: Caltech
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Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Crystal systemLatticestriclinicsimplebase-centeredmonoclinicConvention: = 90 instead of = 90 simplebase-centered body-centered face-centeredorthorhombic = = = 90hexagonal = 120caarhombohedral(trigonal) = = (= )simplebody-centereds
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #1assigned 09/28/11due 10/05/111. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and cesium iodide (CsI) exhibit predominantly ionic bonding.The Na+, Cl-, Cs+ and I- ions have electron structures that are identical to which inertgases?2. Determine, for
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #2assigned 10/09/11due 10/14/111. There are four atoms in the unit cell of a cubic close-packed metal. The atomic (orfractional) coordinates of these atoms can be written as0, 0, 0; , , 0; 0, , ; and , 0 where none of the positi
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #3assigned 10/12/11due 10/19/111. The ceramic compound SrTiO3 adopts the ideal perovskite structure and has a latticeconstant of 3.905 . Compute its density.2. The compounds BaZrO3 and LaAlO3 also adopt the perovskite structure.
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #4assigned 10/19/11due 10/26/111. What are the planes of highest density in the CCP, HCP and BCC structures? What arethe directions of highest density within those planes?2. Using the left-side diagram below, show that for a 2-di
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #6assigned 11/2/11due 11/7/111. List and describe three (not more!) strengthening mechanisms used to enhance themechanical properties of metals.2. Suppose you have a single crystal of a cubic close-packed metal which is known to
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #7assigned 11/09/11due 11/16/111. Consider the Bohr model of an atom.(a) Show that the velocity of an electron orbiting a nucleus is given byv = Ze2/4on (b) Find the time period for one revolution.1. Using the Bohr model of hyd
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #8assigned 11/17/11due 11/23/111. Explain why nonstoichiometric III-V compounds (where III implies Al, Ga or In and Vimplies P, As or Sb) are typically extrinsic semiconductors.2. The resistivity of pure iron at 1 K is 0.0225 and
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS 115a, Problem Set #9assigned 11/28/11due 12/2/11will not be accepted late1. Show that the chemical potential of species A in an ideal solid solution is given byA = Ao + RTln(Xi)where Ao is the chemical potential in the pure state.2. The enthalpy
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Types of Primary Chemical BondsIsotropic, filled outer shells Metallic++ Electronegative/Electropositive Colavent Electronegative: want electrons Shared electrons alongbond direction+e-e++++++-+-+-+-+ Electropositive: give up ele
Caltech - MS - 115a
Review: Common Metal StructureshcpABABABccp(fcc)ABCABCbccnot close-packedFeaturesFilledoutershells sphericalatomcores,isotropicbondingMaximizenumberofbondshighcoordinationnumberHighdensityIonic Bonding & StructuresIsotropic bonding; alternate
Caltech - MS - 115a
Types of Primary Chemical BondsIsotropic, filled outer shells Metallic++ Electronegative/Electropositive Colavent Electronegative: want electrons Shared electrons alongbond direction+e-e++++++-+-+-+-+ Electropositive: give up ele
Caltech - MS - 115a
MetalsIonic CompoundsanioncationRadius Ratio RulesCN (cation)Geometrymin rc/RA (f)2linearnone3trigonal planar0.1554tetrahedralsites occur within0.225close-packed arrays6octahedral0.4148cubic12cubo-octahedralcommon in ioniccompou
Caltech - MS - 115a
Types of Primary Chemical BondsIsotropic, filled outer shells Metallic++ Electronegative/Electropositive Colavent Electronegative: want electrons Shared electrons alongbond direction+e-e++++++-+-+-+-+ Electropositive: give up ele
Caltech - MS - 115a
Formal Crystallography Crystalline Periodic arrangement of atoms Pattern is repeated by translationc Three translation vectors define: Coordinate system Crystal system Unit cell shape Lattice points Points of identical environment Related by tr
Caltech - MS - 115a
Defects in Solids 0-D or point defects vacancies, interstitials, etc. control mass diffusionconcentrations 1-D or linear defects dislocations control deformation processes 2-D or planar defects grain boundaries, surfaces, interfaces 3-D or volu
Caltech - MS - 115a
Plastic Deformation Permanent, unrecovered mechanical deformation=F/Astress Deformation by dislocationmotion, glide or slip Dislocations Edge, screw, mixed Defined by Burgers vectormaximumshearstress Form loops, cant terminateexcept at crystal
Caltech - MS - 115a
Mechanical Properties: Reviewnominal (engineering)FA0stress = FA0l l0strain =l0true =FAilldldld = total = = ln ll l0 l0elastic stretch chemical bonds (stress)l0yplastic rearrange chemical bondsY (strain)Shear stress from unia
Caltech - MS - 115a
Defects in Solids 0-D or point defects vacancies, interstitials, etc. control mass diffusion 1-D or linear defects (mechanical properties yield, metals) dislocations control deformation processes 2-D or planar defects grain boundaries, surfaces
Caltech - MS - 115a
Towards Electrons in SolidsReview22i ( x , t ) = ( x, t ) + V ( x, t ) ( x, t )2t2m xSchroedinger wave equationArrived at the time independent version by solving for ( x, t ) throughseparation of variables and taking V = V(x) only ( x, t ) = (
Caltech - MS - 115a
Review: The H2 MoleculeR0REba~ A = a b2 protonstwo 1s states each 4 states total2 anti-bonding states-13.6 eV2 bonding statesab ~ S = a + bResult: H2 covalent bondDirectional; typical of moleculesalternativerepresentationsHH1s1sTh
Caltech - MS - 115a
MS115a Principles of Materials ScienceFall 2011Instructor: Prof. Sossina M. Haile 307 Steele Laboratories, x2958, smhaile@caltech.eduhttp:/addis.caltech.edu/teaching/MS115a/MS115a.htmlClass Meetings:M 9-10am; W 11am-noon; F 9-10am 214 SteeleTeachi
Caltech - MS - 115a
Defects in Solids 0Dorpointdefects vacancies,interstitials,etc. controlmassdiffusionconcentrations 1Dorlineardefects dislocations controldeformationprocesses 2Dorplanardefects grainboundaries,surfaces,interfaces 3Dorvolumedefects voids,seconda
Caltech - MS - 115a
Materials Science 115aPrinciples of Materials Sciencehttp:/addis.caltech.edu/teaching/MS115a/MS115a.htmlFall Quarter 2011Instructor:Prof. Sossina M. Haile307 Steele Laboratories, x2958, smhaile@caltech.eduClass Meetings:M 9-10am; W 11am-12pm; F 9-
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 115a
Caltech - MS - 143
Table 1: Characteristics of electrode materialsle 2: Battery electrodes, chemistry, voltage and capacityTable 3: Other battery characteristics, including energy density
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Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
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Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143
Caltech - MS - 143