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DomainKingdomCharacters
Course: BIOLOGY 213, Spring 2011School: Bellevue College
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Characteristics General of the Domains and Kingdoms Domain Bacteria Organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure Cell walls contain peptidogylcan No internal membrane bounded structures (no organelles) Genetic material not found within a nucleus Candidate Kingdoms Proteobacteria Firmicutes High-GC Gram-Positive Low-GC Gram Positive Cyanobacteria Spirochetes Chlamydia Domain Archaea Organisms with a prokaryotic cell...
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Characteristics General of the Domains and Kingdoms
Domain Bacteria
Organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure
Cell walls contain peptidogylcan
No internal membrane bounded structures (no organelles)
Genetic material not found within a nucleus
Candidate Kingdoms
Proteobacteria
Firmicutes
High-GC Gram-Positive
Low-GC Gram Positive
Cyanobacteria
Spirochetes
Chlamydia
Domain Archaea
Organisms with a prokaryotic cell structure
Typically found in extreme environments
(Halophiles, Thermophiles, Methanogens)
Cell membranes comprised of branching hydrocarbons
No internal membrane bounded structures (no organelles)
Candidate Kingdoms
Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeota
Korarcheota
Nanoarcheota
Domain Eukarya
Protista Alliance (All Candidate Kingdoms)
Eukaryotic Organisms lacking tissue organization
Unicellular or Cell aggregates
Includes (using the Campbell Scheme of Kingdoms in the Protista)
Excavates
Diplomonadida (Archaezoa) D iplomonada
Parabasala (Archaezoa) T richomonada
Euglenophyta (Euglenoids)
Kinetoplastida ( Trypanosomes)
Heteroloboseans
Alveolata
Dinoflagellata (Pyrrophyta) (Dinoflagellates)
Apicomplexa (Sporozoans) (Non-motile)
Ciliophora (Ciliates)
Kingdoms - Page 1
Stramenopila
Phaeophyta (Brown algae the kelps)
Chrysophyta (Chrysophytes)
Oomycota (water molds)
Bacillariophyta (Diatoms)
Photosynthetic Protists allied to the Stramenopila
Cryptophyta (Cryptomonads)
Haptophyta (Haptophytes)
Ameobozoa
Myxogastrida (Plasmodial Slime Molds)
Dictyostelida (Cellular Slime Molds)
Gymnamoeba (Gymnamoebas)
Entamoeba (Entamoebas)
Rhizaria
Cercozoa
Radiolaria and Heliozoans
Foraminifera (Forams)
Choanoflagellida
Protists or Plants
Rhodophyta
(Red algae)
Chlorophyta (Green algae) Many Alliances)
Kingdom Fungi
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
Cellular organization of hyphae and mycelium
Non-photosynthetic
Assimilate by absorbing digested nutrients using enzymes secreted
into medium
Important Ecosystem Decomposers
Includes
Molds and Mildews
Smuts and Rusts
Yeasts
Mushrooms
Phyla
Microsporidia
Chytridiomycota
Zygomycota
Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Plus:
Yeasts unicellular (any fungus
Deuteromycota (Fungi with no known sexual cycle)
Lichens (Associates of Fungi and Cyanobacteria or Chlorophyta
algae)
Kingdoms - Page 2
Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics
Characteristics
Eukaryotic
Photosynthetic
Multicellular
Sexually reproducing
Life History involves an alternation of a haploid phase (G ametophyte )
G
with a diploid phase (S porophyte )
S
Includes
Bryophytes (Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts)
Three Phyla of Bryophytes
Bryophyta - M o s s e s
Hepatophyta - L iverworts
Anthocerophyta - H ornworts
Sporedispersing Vascular Plants
Lycophyta (Lycopodiophyta) - Club Mosses
Three Classes
Lycopodiae
Selaginellae
Isoetae
Monilophyta or Pteridophyta
Three Groups
Ferns (Pterophyta),
Whisk Ferns (Psilophyta)
Horsetails (Sphenophyta)
Seed Plants (Disperse by seeds) (All Vascular)
Fossil Seed Plants (Progymnospermophyta)
Gymnosperms: -- Seed not protected by a fruit
Four Phyla
Cycadophyta - C ycads
Coniferophyta - C onifers (e.g., Pine, Spruce, Fir, Hemlock,
Yew)
Ginkgophyta - G inkgo
Gnetophyta - Gnetum, Ephedra, Welwitschia
Angiosperms (Flowering plants) -- Seed protected by a fruit
(the ovary)
One Phylum
Anthophyta
Classes
Eudicotyledones (Dicots)
Monocotyledones (Monocots)
Magnoliides and alliances (Ancestral to both other classes)
Kingdoms - Page 3
Kingdom Animalia (Discussed in Biology 212)
Multicellular eukaryotic organisms
Non- Photosynthetic
Traditionally Grouped on Anatomical Complexity
1.
Cell and Tissue Organization
2.
Symmetry
Radial vs Bilateral
3.
Body Cavity and Spaces
A.
Coelom
Fluid-filled cavity between organs and body wall
Permits
Hydrostatic skeleton
Medium for circulation (Insects)
Space for organs
Space for gamete maturation
B.
Acoelomate (Solid Body)
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)
C.
Pseudocoelomates (Blastocoel retained for cavity)
Nematoda
Rotifera
4.
Developmental Patterns
A.
Protostome vs Deuterostome (Blastopore destination)
B.
Cleavage patterns
C.
Larval patterns
D.
Complete vs Incomplete Digestive tract
Kingdoms - Page 4
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