33
Anatomy Chapter of blood
vessels
The wall of the blood
vessels
Three distinct layers
l Tunica intima
Lines the lumen
Simple squamous epithelium
endothelium and endocardium
l Tunica media
Smooth muscle,
collagen and elastic fibers
Regulates the diameter of the
blood vessels
The wall of the blood
vessels
l Tunica
externa or adventitia
Areolar or fibrous connective
tissue
Supports the vessel
Protects the vessel
The wall of the blood
vessels
Arteries
Blood vessels that conduct blood away
from the heart and toward tissues. In
the pulmonary circulation, pulmonary
arteries conduct deoxygenated blood
to the lungs. In the systemic circulation,
the aorta and its branches conduct
oxygenated blood toward the systemic
tissues
Arteries
Small arteries are called arterioles.
Arterioles conduct blood into a network
of even smaller vessels, or capillaries.
Arteries
Subject to pressure fluctuations
Thick walls
Contain more smooth muscle and
elastic tissues
Narrower lumen than veins
Arteries
Can be classified as:
Elastic
l Closer to the heart
l Large arteries
l More elastic fibers than smooth
muscle
Arteries
Muscular
l Farther from the heart
l Smaller arteries
l More smooth muscle than elastic
fibers
Veins
Blood vessels that conduct blood
toward the heart. In the pulmonary
circulation, the pulmonary veins return
oxygenated blood from the lungs. In the
systemic circulation the vena cava
returns deoxygenated blood from the
rest of the systemic loop. Venules are
small veins.
Veins
Far from the heart
Not subjected to pressure fluctuations
Thin walls
Larger lumen than arteries
Presence of valves
Skeletal muscle pump
Veins
Arteries and veins
Aorta
Ascending aorta first portion
Aortic arch
Descending aorta within the thorax
Abdominal aorta within the
abdomen
Aorta
Ascending aorta
l Right and left coronary arteries
originate from base of aortic sinus
Aortic arch
l Brachiocephalic trunk first branch
Right common carotid
Right subclavian
l Left common carotid second
branch
l Left subclavian third branch
Aorta
Descending aorta
l Thoracic and abdominal aortas
Head and neck
Internal Carotid
External carotid
Vertebral
Basilar formed by the fusion of the
vertebral arteries
Head and neck
Head and neck
Circle of Willis
l Posterior cerebral
l Posterior communicating
l Middle cerebral
l Anterior cerebral
l Anterior communicating
Circle of Willis
Upper limb
Axillary continuation of the
subclavian
Brachial continuation of the axillary
Ulnar branch of the brachial
Radial branch of the brachial
Upper limb
thoracic and abdominal
regions
Intercostals
Celiac trunk to stomach, spleen, and
liver
Superior mesenteric to the small
intestine and proximal large intestine
Suprarenal to the adrenals
Renal to the kidneys
thoracic and abdominal
regions
Gonadals
l Testicular
l Ovarian
Inferior mesenteric the to distal
large intestine
Common iliac branches from the
inferior end of the abdominal aorta
thoracic and abdominal
regions
Pelvis and lower limbs
Internal iliac to pelvic structures
External iliac- to the leg
Femoral- to the thigh
Popliteal to popliteal region
Anterior tibial to the crural region
Posterior tibial to the sural region
Fibular to fibular region
Pelvis and lower limbs
Chapter 33
PART B
Veins head and neck
Brachiocephalic into sup.vena cava
Subclavian lateral branch of
brachiocephalic
Internal jugular medial branch into
the brachiocephalic vein
External jugular external vein of the
neck that returns blood to the
subclavian
Head and neck
Head and neck
Sinuses drain blood from the cranium
l Superior sagittal
l Inferior sagittal sinus
l Transverse, etc
Cranium
Upper limb and thorax
Axillary it is a continuation of the
subclavian
Basilic medial and empties into the
brachial
Brachial continuation of axillary
Cephalic lateral and empties into the
axillary
Medial cubital connects basilic to
cephalic
Upper limb and thorax
Ulnar
Median
Radial
Azygos unpaired branch into the sup. Vena
cava. Drains the right side of the thorax.
Hemiazygos, and accessory hemiazygos -2
sets of multiple veins that empty into the azygos
and drain the left side of the thorax.
Intercostals
Upper limb and thorax
Abdominal veins
Hepatic
Renal
Gonadal testicular or ovarian
l Right side empties into inf. Vena cava
l Left side joins with left renal
Common iliac two branches that fuse
to become inf. Vena cava
Hepatic portal system
Portal circulation is a set of vessels that
begins and ends with capillary
networks.
It returns blood from the digestive
system to the liver
From the liver the blood flows to the inf.
Vena cava
Hepatic portal system
Hepatic portal vein going to the liver
Liver
Hepatic vein - from the liver to inferior
vena cava
Hepatic portal system
Lower limbs
Internal iliac
External iliac
Femoral
Great saphenous medial; into the
femoral vein.
Popliteal
Small saphenous - lateral and
posterior; into the popliteal.
Lower limbs
Anterior tibial - branch into the
popliteal
Posterior tibial branch into the
popliteal
Fibular
Lower limbs
Vessels to be identified on
the cat
Arteries
Aorta
Brachiocephalic
Left carotid
Left subclavian
Right carotid
Right subclavian
Vessels to be identified on
the cat
Axillary
Brachial
Ulnar
Radial
Descending aorta
Abdominal aorta
Celiac trunk
Vessels to be identified on
the cat
Superior mesenteric
Renal
Gonadal
Inferior mesenteric
IIliac common, external, internal
femoral
Vessels to be identified on
the cat
Veins
Brachiocephalic
Jugular internal, external
Subclavian
Brachial
Inferior vena cava
Renal
Vessels to be identified on
the cat
Illiac common, internal, external
Femoral
Great saphenous