Information Geographic System
Geographic Information System
Geographic
(GIS)
((GIS)
(GIS)
GIS)
What is GIS?
Think About Geography
Think About Geography
Think
What is Geography?
Association of American Geographers definition:
Geography is the science of place and space
Merriam-Websters definition:
A science that deals with the description, distribution,
and interaction of the diverse physical, biological,
and cultural features of the earths surface
Think About Geography
Think About Geography
Think
Questions Geographers Ask
Where is it located?
Why is it located there?
How and why are places different?
How do people interact with their environment?
The answer to these questions is spatial data
History of Cartography
History of Cartography
History
The First Maps
Rock walls
Clay tablets
Uses of Maps
Topographic
Celestial
Cosmographic
Picture of a cuneiform tablet from
http://www.crystalinks.com/cuneiformtablets.html
Early Maps of the World
Early Maps of the World
Early
Picture of a T-O map from University of Texas, Foundations of Western European Cartography
Exploring the World
Exploring the World
Exploring
Mercator map picture from
Encyclopedia Britannica.
Maps at War
Maps at War
Maps
Topographic map picture of Harpers Ferry from www.DavidRumsey.com.
Linked information reveals patterns
Linked
What is Spatial Data?
What is Spatial Data?
What
Location Data
How Many? What Kind? Where?
Scale of Data
Local to Global to Beyond
Data Presentation
Words, Charts, Graphs, Tables, or Maps
Estimates are that 80% of all data has a spatial
Estimates
spatial
80%
component
component
Data from most sciences can be analyzed spatially
spatially
Geographic Information Systems
Geographic Information Systems
Geographic
A Definition of GIS
A Definition of GIS
Definition
Definition
A Geographic Information System (GIS) links locational and
Geographic
attribute information and enables a person to visualize
patterns, relationships, and trends. This process gives an
entirely new perspective to data analysis that cannot be
easily seen in a table or list format or on a paper map.
Exploring data using GIS turns data into information
into knowledge
Five Components of GIS
Five Components of GIS
Five
Hardware
Hardware
The computer, peripherals, and sometimes servers on which the
GIS operates
Software
Provides the functions and tools required to store, analyze, and
display data
Data
Data is stored as vector, raster, or attribute data
Methods
The guidelines, specifications, standards, and procedures for
collecting and analyzing data and applying GIS
People
GIS needs people to ask the questions; choose, collect, and
analyze the data; and interpret the results
A Complete GIS
A Complete GIS
Complete
Visualization
GIS as a tool to display spatial
data as a map
Database Management
GIS as a tool to store and
organize spatial data
Spatial Analysis
GIS as a tool to analyze and
interpret spatial data
GIS Combines Spatial Data From Many Sources
GIS Combines Spatial Data From Many Sources
GIS
Sources of Spatial Data
Sources of Spatial Data
Sources
Digitized and Scanned Maps
Purchased, donated, free (Internet)
Created by user
Databases
Tables of data
GPS
Global Positioning System
Accurate locations
Field Sampling of Attributes
Remote Sensing and Aerial Photography
GIS stores and organizes spatial data in databases
Database
Database
Database
Not easy to interpret
Not easy to interpret
Visualization
Visualization
Visualization
Worth a Thousand Words
Worth a Thousand Words
Two Ways to Visualize Data
Two Ways to Visualize Data
Two
The World in GIS
The World in GIS
Raster -- Grid
Pixels
A location and value
Satellite images and aerial
photos are already in this
format
Vector -- Linear
Real world
Points, lines, and polygons
Features (house, lake,
etc.)
Attributes
size, type, length, etc.
Five Data Layers
Five Data Layers
Alike Features
Alike Features
Rivers Layer
Rivers
Roads Layer
Lakes Layer
Capitals Layer
States Layer
Turning Data Into Information
Turning Data Into Information
Turning
SpatialAnalysisNotJustaMap
Asking a Question -- Interaction
Asking a -- Question Interaction
Asking
Maps and Databases are Interactive
Maps and Databases are Interactive
Maps
The Goal of GIS
The Goal of GIS
The
The goal of GIS is to help people and companies do their work
better, faster, and cheaper through
better faster
cheaper
Visualization
Visualization
GIS provides users with quicker, more accurate representations of
spatial data
Database Management
GIS makes it easier to keep the spatial data accurate and up to date
Spatial Analysis
GIS helps users make more informed decisions
*Wherever Spatial Data Analysis Is Needed*
Some Ways GIS is Used
Some Ways GIS is Used
Some
Emergency Services
Fire and Police
Environmental
Environmental
Monitoring and Modeling
Business
Site Location, Delivery Systems
Industry
Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines,
Healthcare
Government
Government
Local, State, Federal, Military
Education
Research, Teaching Tool, Administration
Defense Management
Defense Management
Defense
Real Estate Management
Real Estate Management
Real
Education
Education
Education
Utility Management
Utility Management
Utility
Transportation Management
Transportation Management
Transportation
Public Safety
Public Safety
Public
Government
Government
Government
Hospital Facilities
Hospital Facilities
Hospital
GIS on the Internet
GIS on the Internet
GIS
National Atlas
http://nationalatlas.gov
National Geographic Map Machine
http://www.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine
Store Locator
http://www.godiva.com
Wildlife Finder
http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildfinder
GIS Info
http://www.gis.com
ESRI
ESRI
ESRI
ESRI provides our users with a complete GIS
complete
Visualization
Database Management
Spatial Analysis
ESRI offers more than just GIS software. We offer
solutions.
Our goal is to make our users more successful
ESRI
ESRI
ESRI
40 Years of Experience
Annual Revenues of $660 Million
The Fifth Largest Privately Held Software Company in the World
350,000+ Clients of ESRI Software
More Than One Million Users
ESRI Regional Offices and International Distributors
ESRI Regional Offices and International Distributors
ESRI
Headquartered in Redlands, California
10 Domestic Regional Offices
International Distributors in More Than 80 Countries
Users in More Than 150 Countries
ArcGIS Family of Products
ArcGIS
ArcGIS Server Platform
Desktop
Author/Serve/Use
Maps
Data
Explorer
Web Map
Viewer
Mobile
Open
APIs
Enterprise
Environment
Us
e
Models
Globes
Metadata
Serv
e
ArcGIS Server
Autho
r
Making GIS Knowledge Available To Anyone . . .
. . . Integrates With Other Systems Via Standards
Integrates
Sharing GIS With Others
Sharing GIS With Others
GIS is a new medium for communication
GIS
Newspapers
Radio
Television
Internet
GIS
GIS helps people to
Better understand and collaborate
Tell stories about conditions, situations, and events
Forecast the future
Sharing GIS With Others GIS Day
Sharing GIS With Others GIS Day
What Is GIS Day?
What
International grassroots event to provide education about the power
and functionality of GIS
Builds GIS understanding and collaboration in organizations, schools,
and communities
When To Participate?
Third Wednesday in November each year (held in conjunction with
National Geographic Societys Geography Awareness Week)
November 19, 2008 marks the tenth annual celebration
GIS Day events are held throughout the year!
GIS Day
GIS Day
How Do I Participate?
How
Host an Event (open house, workshop, demonstrations, press events)
Teach a Class
Solicit Proclamations
Mentor Students
Conduct Webcasts
...the possibilities are endless
...the
GIS Day
GIS Day
Why Participate?
Why
Promote your organizations use of GIS
Introduce GIS to new prospects, internal and external audiences
Build community understanding of the value of GIS
Participate in GIS educational initiatives and community service
projects
Establish mentor relationships with local youth and expose students
to cutting edge technology and career options
Market GIS to potential clients
GIS Day
GIS Day
Visit
www.gisday.co
m
for more information
and to
register your event!