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Historical Geology Syllabus

Course: GEOL 102, Spring 2011
School: George Mason
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GEOLOGY GEOLOGY HISTORICAL 102, section 002 Spring, 2011 Instructor: Dr. Stacey Verardo sverardo@gmu.edu, 703-993-1045 Class hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays 1:30 -2:45pm Office: David King Hall Room 3037 Office Hour: Thursdays, 11am -noon Classroom: Enterprise Hall Room 80 AOES Main office : David King Hall, Room 3057, MS: 5F1 phone #993-8958 Text : The Earth through Time, Levin, 9th ed, Wiley LECTURES Dates January...

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GEOLOGY GEOLOGY HISTORICAL 102, section 002 Spring, 2011 Instructor: Dr. Stacey Verardo sverardo@gmu.edu, 703-993-1045 Class hours: Tuesdays and Thursdays 1:30 -2:45pm Office: David King Hall Room 3037 Office Hour: Thursdays, 11am -noon Classroom: Enterprise Hall Room 80 AOES Main office : David King Hall, Room 3057, MS: 5F1 phone #993-8958 Text : The Earth through Time, Levin, 9th ed, Wiley LECTURES Dates January 25 January 27 February 1 February 3 February 8 February 10 February 15 February 17 February 22 February 24 March 1 March 3 March 8 March 10 March 15 March 17 March 22 March 24 March 29 March 31 April 5 April 7 April 12 April 14 April 19 April 21 April 26 April 28 May 3 May 5 May 12 Lecture Topic Chapters Introduction/current events 1 Principles 2 Time & Geology 3 Rocks & Minerals 4 Sedimentary Archives 5 Life on Earth 6 Quiz & Life on Earth Plate Tectonics 7 Review EXAM Evolution of the Solar System & Archean 8 Early Life Proterozoic 9 Early Paleozoic History SPRING BREAK SPRING BREAK Late Paleozoic 11 Paleozoic Life 12 Paleozoic Life Review & Field Trip Handout Due EXAM Mesozoic Mesozoic 14 Late Tectonics 13 Middle Mesozoic Cenozoic Tectonics 15 Cenozoic Life 16 Pleistocene Human Evolution 17 Future Review & last day of class FINAL EXAM 1:30-3:30pm 10 \ COURSE INFORMATION Grading: 3 exams = 60% of final lecture grade (each exam 20% of final grade) 1 quiz = 5% of final lecture grade 1 field trip = 10% of final lecture grade TOTAL=75% of total geology grade Lab grade =25% of final grade Make up exams will NOT be given. The American Museum of Natural History Field Trip handout is due on Tuesday, March 31, 2011. This will be completed on your own time. All exams will emphasize material presented in the lectures. Students are responsible for all material in the textbook readings. Exams are closed book. The final grade will be determined by lecture exams, laboratory exams, assignments and a field trip. Please bring scantron grading sheets, #2 pencils and a good eraser to each exam. Attendance at all scheduled lecture and laboratory sections is required to achieve the requisite level of knowledge in this course. This course operates under the rules of the Honor Code.
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George Mason - GEOL - 102
Early ManPrimate groups Prosimmii Tree shrews, lemurs, tarsiers Often nocturnal Anthropoidea Monkeys, apes, humansProsimii & AnthropoideaEarliest primates -Prosimian The earliestrelatives of theprimates werefound in theMesozoic andare simila
George Mason - GEOL - 102
IntroductionTime scaleTime scaleTaxonomicclassicationThis is theversion thatyou will bequizzed on.kingdoms1Factors for fossilization Rapid burial is the best way for successfulfossilization. Most often occur in shallow water with highenergy
George Mason - GEOL - 102
1/18/11HISTORICALGEOLOGYGeology102SowhatisthedierencebetweenGEO101andGEO102? InthisclassyouwilllearnoftheoriginoftheearthandtheevoluJonoftheland,atmosphereandallofitslife. AndthisiswhereyoullneedtolearntheGeologicTimescale. Therewillbeaquizonito
George Mason - GEOL - 102
4/10/11Mesozoic LifeAfter Permian extinction Seas were dominated by an abundance ofmollusks, sea urchins, crustaceans and sh& reptiles. On land, synapsids were replaced byreptiles. crocodiles, turtles, snakes, lizards and dinosaursMesozoicevents
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Mesozoic tectonicsMesozoic era -55-250myrThe breakup of PangaeaRepresents a change tectonically fromcompressional mountain building in theeast and northern parts of the continentto compressional forces on the westernmargin.What was happening ? La
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Rodinia was rifting apartEarly PaleozoicCambrian-SilurianLaurentiaBalticaKazakhstaniaSiberiaChinaGondwana Iapetus Ocean openthen closedRODINIA to PANNOTIANorth America & EuropeCambrianto SilurianDomes and basins1Vendian to OrdovicianCrat
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Late Paleozoic TectonicsLate Paleozoic 410-250 million years ago. Divided into Devonian, Carboniferous,Permian. By the Permian Pangea was assembled. During this time Acadian & Caladonian orogenies Alleghenian & Hercynian orogeniesLatePaleozoicP
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Paleozoic LifeEarly life Fossil record increases with increase infossil hard parts. Vertebrates evolve. Animals move onto land. Vascular plants show up. Also largest mass extinction EVER.Precambrian-Cambrian Invertebrate phylaEarly Cambrian foss
George Mason - GEOL - 102
2/11/11Plate TectonicsJOIDES resolutionP-wavesEARTHQUAKE WAVES P-waves S-waves Surface waves/Long wavesS-waves Oscillate back and forth perpendicular to the directionof wave travel. Change shape of rock. Only in solids. Cause strong movement
George Mason - GEOL - 102
PLEISTOCENE EPOCH1.7myr7 kyr agoExtent of ice during LGMevidenceAn Alps region glaciated valley In 1836 Louis Agassiz, apaleontologist, began to believe thatthe glaciers in the Alps were oncemuch more extensive than today.Glaciated EuropeChanges
George Mason - GEOL - 102
3/3/11Proterozoic2.5bya-540myaProterozoic compared to Archean. Proterozoic has a more modern type ofplate tectonics, sedimentation, and climate. First major Wilson cycle. First large ice age most of Earth cooled. Most BIFs. 42% of Earths history!
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Rocks & MineralsCriteria to be a mineral Occurs naturally as an inorganic solid. Has a specic internal structure. Has a specic chemical composition can exchange occasionally. Has specic physical properties. Minerals can be composed of one element
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Sedimentary ArchivesWhat determines which type ofsedimentary rock forms indifferent environs?Sedimentary EnvironmentsTectonic settingType of rock being weatheredType of transportClimateAmount of pressure & temperatureTimeSedimentary Environment
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Review Sheet for Historical GeologyExam OneSpring 2011Know the TIME SCALEKnow current eventsScience of Historical GeologyChapter 1Scientific MethodUniformitarianismThe 6 KingdomsTaxonomic ClassifiicationsTypes of FossilizationPermineralization
George Mason - GEOL - 102
Review Sheet for Historical GeologyExam TwoCURRENT EVENTSArchean and the Solar System -chapter 8Archean most of Earths History4.6 bya to 700 mya80% of Earths historySolar Nebular HypothesisKnow the planets!Terrestrial & GaseousMeteorites, Astero
George Mason - GEOL - 302
American Mineralogist, Volume 93, pages 16931720, 2008Review PaPeRMineral evolutionRobeRt M. Hazen,1,* DoMinic PaPineau,1 wouteR bleekeR,2 RobeRt t. Downs,3JoHn M. FeRRy,4 tiMotHy J. Mccoy,5 DiMitRi a. sveRJensky,4 anD Hexiong yang3Geophysical Labora
George Mason - GEOL - 306
Thevesoilformingfactors AllinteracttoformthedierenttypesofsoilThevesoilformingfactors Parentalmaterial Canberock Bedrock Residualsoils Transportedmaterialnotinplace TransportedsoilsThevesoilformingfactors LimestonesandstonebasaltThevesoilform
George Mason - GEOL - 306
CATION EXCHANGECAPACITYCLAY MINERALSAnd clay sized fractionThe very very smallveryKaolinite a clay mineral stacks ofhexagonalsheets shownhere are acharacteristicof many clayminerals. Bar is 50m1/1,000,000 m 1/1000 mmhttp:/www.reading.ac.uk
George Mason - GEOL - 306
soilorganicsSpodosolMyakka.TheOcialStateSoilofFloridaAEBhCarbon(cyclelater) dominantlyaddingCtothesoil soweretalkingmoreabouttheupperhorizonAofthesoildominantly.SOMsoilorganicmaFer OrganicmaFerisessenGaltoproducGvesoils improvesphysicala
George Mason - GEOL - 306
MacronutrientsNitrogenxingnodulesh4p:/blog.lib.umn.edu/denis036/thisweekinevoluAon/2007/08/cooperaAon_gets_complex_1.htmlESSENTIALELEMENTS Wearelearningthatsoilsareverycomplexmedium manyreacAonsoccurring thesystemasawholeinaconstantstateofux.Add
George Mason - GEOL - 306
Soil in the newsSome bad- But also some good thingsThe future rests on the soilbeneath our feet.http:/s.ngm.com/2008/09/soil/img/soil-615.jpgPopulation factsPopulationPopulation The world's population will reach 7billion people late this year, a
George Mason - GEOL - 306
SOILORGANICMATTERSOMPeatIsleofLewis,ScotlandSOM EspeciallyinOandA Nutrients Importantfor Supportmicroandmacroorganisms CEC TheyarepartofSOM Holdingwater Tilth. FormaGonofpedsstructure MostofthisnextweekCarboncycle Wewillcoverthisnextweek
George Mason - GEOL - 306
AGoodrichsoilneeds Soil acomplex,breathingen8ty Soil Plants chemistry9macronutrients Neededforplantstogrow C,H,O,N Crucial96%ofaplant K,Ca,Mg,P(phosphorus)S(sulfur)7micoelements Fe,Cl,Mn(Manganese),B(Boron),Cu,Mo(Molybdenum),Zn Lessthan0.010
George Mason - GEOL - 306
SoilPhysicalproper/es.SoilsamplingSoilsampling EarthDay2007 Sunnyside therepresenta5vesoilfortheDistrictofColumbia U.S.Na5onalArboretum.SoilsamplingSoil TextureSoil Texture = %Sand, Silt & Clay in a soil. Soil texture is the single most impor
George Mason - GEOL - 306
GEOLOGY306SOILSCIENCESPRING2011http:/mason.gmu.edu/~jnord/geol306/PREREQUISITE GEOL 101 and CHEM 103 or 211CLASS MEETS Monday 4:30 p.m. to 7:10 p.m. - Enterprise Hall 276Dr. Julia Nord, 3055 David King HallINSTRUCTOREmail Address - jnord@gmu.eduOF
George Mason - GEOL - 306
Soil Taxonomy- more detailsPurpose of Soil Taxonomy:1. Organize knowledge about soils2. Understand relationships among different soils3. Establish groups or classes for practical purposes.a. predicting behaviorb. identifying best usesc. estimating
George Mason - GEOL - 306
Soil solution- Not pure waterWater striderHydrological cycle water in living thingsImportance to plants Maintain turgidity Carry dissolved nutrients Required for Ps Lost in transpiration to cool plant and keep nutrients moving upImportance to p
George Mason - GEOL - 306
ROCKCYCLEIGNEOUSROCKGraniteh*p:/web.uct.ac.za/depts/geolsci/dlr/rocks/gran9.jpg VIOOLSDRIFBATHOLITHSAA1900Ma ADAMELLITE(TwoFeldsparGranite):Orthoclase(phenocrysHc)PlagioclaseQuartzBioHteMagneHteROCK asolidaggregateofoneormoremineralsormineralli
George Mason - GEOL - 306
SEDIMENTARYROCKSWhiteClisofDover(chalk)h5p:/cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=74594&rendTypeId=4RockcycleWEATHERING producessolidparKcles (primaryandsecondary) +ionsinsoluKonTRANSPORTATION movessolidparKcles (primaryandsecondary) +ionsinsoluKonDEPOS
George Mason - GEOL - 306
TwelveSoilordersPicturesfromNRCSNaturalResourcesConserva8onServiceh:p:/soils.usda.gov/technical/classica8on/orders/En8solrecentSoilsthathaveli:leornoevidenceofdevelopmentofpedogenichorizons.Manyaresandyorveryshallow.MountainsetcIncep8solL.Incept
George Mason - GEOL - 306
ROCKCYCLEWEATHERING thephysicalbreakdown(disintegra5on)andchemicalaltera5on(decomposi5on)ofrocksatornearEarth'ssurface Slowbutconstant Plentyof5meSURFICIALorEXTERNALPROCESSES Aectsthetop150feetjust!WEATHERINGsceneryWEATHERINGscenery TheBrides
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