Register now to access 7 million high quality study materials (What's Course Hero?) Course Hero is the premier provider of high quality online educational resources. With millions of study documents, online tutors, digital flashcards and free courseware, Course Hero is helping students learn more efficiently and effectively. Whether you're interested in exploring new subjects or mastering key topics for your next exam, Course Hero has the tools you need to achieve your goals.
3 Pages
u11ohnotes18f2005(2)
Course: CHEM 11, Fall 2008School: Concordia AB
Rating:
Word Count: 281
Document Preview
Acids Strong Common Acids hydrochloric acid: HCl H1+ + Cl1 -- stomach acid; pickling: cleaning metals w/conc. HCl 2 H1+ + SO42 H2SO4 sulfuric acid: -- #1 chemical; (auto) battery acid nitric acid: H1+ + NO31 HNO3 -- explosives; fertilizer Weak Acids acetic acid: CH3COOH CH3COO1 + H1+ -- vinegar; naturally made by apples hydrofluoric acid: HF H1+ + F1 -- used to etch glass citric acid, H3C6H5O7 --...
Unformatted Document Excerpt
Coursehero >> Canada >> Concordia AB >> CHEM 11Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one
below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.
Course Hero has millions of student submitted documents similar to the one
below including study guides, practice problems, reference materials, practice exams, textbook help and tutor support.
Acids
Strong Common Acids
hydrochloric acid:
HCl
H1+ + Cl1
-- stomach acid; pickling: cleaning metals w/conc. HCl
2 H1+ + SO42
H2SO4
sulfuric acid:
-- #1 chemical; (auto) battery acid
nitric acid:
H1+ + NO31
HNO3
-- explosives; fertilizer
Weak Acids
acetic acid:
CH3COOH
CH3COO1 + H1+
-- vinegar; naturally made by apples
hydrofluoric acid:
HF
H1+ + F1
-- used to etch glass
citric acid, H3C6H5O7
-- citrus fruits; sour candy
ascorbic acid, H2C6H6O6
-- vitamin C
lactic acid, CH3CHOHCOOH
-- waste product of muscular exertion
carbonic acid, H2CO3
-- carbonated beverages
-- H2O + CO2
H2CO3 (dissolves limestone, CaCO3)
Acid Nomenclature
binary acids: acids w/H and one other element
Binary Acid Nomenclature
1. Write hydro.
2. Write prefix of the other element,
followed by -ic acid.
HF
hydrofluoric acid
HCl
hydrochloric acid
HBr
hydrobromic acid
hydroiodic acid
H acid
HI
hydrosulfuric 2S
oxyacids: acids containing H, O, and one other
element
Common oxyanions (polyatomic ions that contain
oxygen) that combine with H to make oxyacids:
BrO31
NO31
CO32
PO43
ClO31
SO42
IO31
Oxyacid Nomenclature
Write prefix of oxyanion, followed by -ic acid.
HBrO3
bromic acid
HClO3
chloric acid
H2CO3
carbonic acid
sulfuric acid
H2SO4
phosphoric acid
H3PO4
Above examples show most common forms of the
oxyacids. If an oxyacid differs from the above by the # of
O atoms, the name changes are as follows:
one more O
=
per_____ic acid
=
_____ic acid
one less O
=
_____ous acid
two fewer O
=
hypo_____ous acid
most common # of O
HClO4
perchloric acid
HClO3
chloric acid
HClO2
chlorous acid
HClO
hypochlorous acid
phosphorous acid
H3PO3
hypobromous acid
HBrO
persulfuric acid
H2SO5
Find millions of documents on Course Hero - Study Guides, Lecture Notes, Reference Materials, Practice Exams and more.
Course Hero has millions of course specific materials providing students with the best way to expand
their education.
Below is a small sample set of documents:
Below is a small sample set of documents:
Concordia AB - CHEM - 11
Various Definitions of Acids and BasesArrhenius acid:yields H1+ in solne.g., HNO3Arrhenius base:H1+ + NO31yields OH1 in solne.g., Ba(OH)2Ba2+ + 2 OH1Lewis acid:e pair acceptorLewis base:e pair donorTOPIC FORFUTURE CHEM.COURSESBronsted-Lowr
Concordia AB - CHEM - 11
pH CalculationsRecall that the hydronium ion (H3O1+) is the speciesformed when hydrogen ion (H1+) attaches to water (H2O).OH1 is the hydroxide ion.For this class, in any aqueous soln,[ H3O1+ ] [ OH1 ] = 1 x 1014( or [ H1+ ] [ OH1 ] = 1 x 1014 )If h
Concordia AB - CHEM - 11
Acid-Dissociation Constant, KaFor the generic reaction in soln:A+B[ PRODUCTS ][ REACTANTS ]KaKaFor strong acids, e.g., HClHClH1++ Cl[ H1 ] [ Cl1- ][ HCl ]Ka1" BIG."C+D[C][D][ A ][B ]Assume 100%dissociation;Ka notapplicable forstron
Concordia AB - CHEM - 11
Indicatorschemicals that change color, dependingon the pHTwo examples, out of many:litmusred in acid, blue in basephenolphthalein.clear in acid, pink in baseMeasuring pHlitmus paperBasically, pH < 7 or pH > 7phenolphthaleinpH paper- contains a
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Weather and ClimateWordAbsorptionDefinition(1) Process of taking in and being made part ofan existing amount of matter.(2) Interception of electromagnetic radiation orsound.Advection FogFog generated when winds flow over a surfacewith a differen
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Depletion of Ozone LayerIV.Geography 12DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYERWhat is depletion of ozone layer?Ozone depletion occurs when the natural balance betweenthe production and destruction of stratospheric ozone istipped in favour of destruction.Observat
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Acid RainVII.Geography 12ACID RAINWhat is acid rain?When sulfur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx)react with moisture in the air, they become sulfuric acidand nitric acid, respectively. The sulfuric and nitric acidspollute the rain (which
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
DeforestationIII.Geography 12DEFORESTATIONWhat is deforestation?The clearing of forests across the Earth has been occurringon a large scale basis for many centuries. This process,known as deforestation, involves the cutting down,burning, and damag
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
DesertificationVI.Geography 12DESERTIFICATIONWhat is desertification?Land degradation (soil erosion, waterlogging,salinization, land use change) in arid, semi-arid anddry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors,including climatic variations
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Global WarmingV.Geography 12GLOBAL WARMINGWhat is global warming?Global warming refers to the increase in the averagetemperature of the atmosphere, oceans, and landmassesof earth.Acid rain kills trees and aquatic life.What causes global warming?
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
IntroductionI.Geography 12INTRODUCTIONThe earth is facing a lot of environmental problems today and humans are the main cause ofthese problems. In the search of comfort, humans begin to improve their lives without givingattention to what their actio
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Resources and Environmental Sustainability ReflectionIn the past the Earth was seen as an unlimited source of materials that humanscould use to survive. We have come to realize that the Earths natural resources are notgoing to last forever. Sustainabil
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
IntroductionI.Geography 12INTRODUCTIONEnvironmental sustainability refers to the environmental actions or impacts of what we do. In movingtowards sustainability, we are attempting to reduce our ecological footprint or to tread more lightly on theEar
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
BiomesWordDefinitionBiomesLargest recognizable assemblage of animals andplants on the Earth. The distribution of the biomesis controlled mainly by climate.Buttress RootsLarge roots above the surface to help supportlarge trees in shallow soil.Cap
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Geography 12Feb 25, 2009GEOGRAPHY VOCABULARYTermsDefinitionsAbsolute LocationThe location of a place that is expressed inlatitude and longitude.AtmosphereIt is the mixture of gases, mainly hydrogenand oxygen, found above the earths surface.Bios
Concordia AB - GEOGRAPHY - 12
Tectonic ProcessesWordAftershockDefinitionSmaller earth tremors that occur seconds toweeks after a major earthquake event.AnticlineRock beds that have been folded or bentupwards to form a hill or mountainAsthenosphereThe plastic (part solid, par
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
Page 1 of 3Stat 201 Handout(May 21, 2003)Concluding CausationQ: When can we conclude "treatment causes a change in response"?e.g. "Drug A provides headache relief." Here, Drug A is the treatment, and relief of headache (as opposed to nochange in hea
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
Page 1 of 3Stat 201 Handout(May 30, 2003)Mad Cow Disease ExampleThe following is the headline and first paragraph from a news report posted on May 26:Test results clear first Canadian herd of mad cow diseaseBy EMMA TINKLERAssociated PressTORONTO (
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
Page 1 of 4Stat 201 Handout - updated version(June 4, 2003)More on Coin Tossing and the Normal distributionReview: Examples from class1. Toss coin 5 times. Random variable of interest is X=# heads.Computed and graphically displayed probability distr
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
Page 1 of 1http:/www.stat.sfu.ca/~sgchiu/Grace/S330/handouts/ci-flow.gif3/26/2011
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Handout 5Condence Interval FormulasSetup Identify population(s) and sample(s). Identify unknown parameter to be estimated. Is population SD known? Identify observed sample statistics used in parameter estimation.e.g. Want to know = mean GPA
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
No TitlePage 1 of 4Matched Pair Design by ExampleGoal:To compare IQ's of 1st borns (FB) and 2nd borns (SB).Population of N pairs of siblings:Pop'n of FB's Pop'n of SB'sPop'n of diff'spop'n meanpop'n varIn particular, we askQ: Are first borns mo
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Handout 7Final Words on RegressionPrediction vs. EstimationRecall that although the prediction value equals the estimated sub-population mean (i.e. yx =Y |x ), prediction error is bigger than estimation error (i.e. SE(yx ) > SE(Y |x ).Rememb
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Handout 8Odds Ratios and Related IdeasClass ExampleWe had a (ctitious) data set that summarized into the following contingency table:gender midterm performancegoodbadF444084M4634809074 n = 164Our goal was to see if gender (explan
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Handout 9Two-Way ANOVA Simpsons Paradox revisitedRecall the contingency analysis example:gender midterm performance TotalGoodBadFMTotalDierence among subjects with respect to extra factors, such as study habits, may mask anygender-midte
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Quiz 1Name:May 16, 20036Below are a stem-and-leaf plot and a histogram for the same data set on the germinationrates (rounded to the nearest %) of 15 kinds of beans.Frequency324556677778900261||||0112245n=15141618202
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Quiz 3May 30, 2003Student #:Name:Show work for all calculations. You need NOT use a calculator.e.g. You may leave12+ 5 0.42as your nal answer.I randomly select (with replacement) two students from the Stat 201 class. Im interested inw
Simon Fraser - STAT - 201
STAT 201 Quiz 2May 23, 2003Student #:Name:BLANK SPACEA news article on the Reuters Health website, Dec. 18, 1998 reported:A study of over 1200 people over age 65 showed that the owls those who go tosleep after 11 pm and rise after 8 am tend to be a
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Hartree-Fock SCF MethodFor the Hartree method, the many-electronwavefunction is taken as a product of one-electronorbitals = s (1) . sn (n)1where the starting set of orbitals is s ,., sn . An orbital1is in turn a product of a radial function and a
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Chemistry 341Physical Chemistry IFall 2011Problem Set 1Due: Monday September 5For this problem set and subsequent problem sets only a certain number of questions needto be submitted for grading. For this problem set submit your answers to ONLY FIVE
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Chemistry 341Physical Chemistry IFall 2011EXAM 1 REVIEW SHEET[Exam 1: Friday September30, 11:10 AM12:00 PM, Packard Lab Aud. 101]Quantum Mechanics1.Wave theory of lightconstructive interferencedestructive interference2.Planck quantum theorybla
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
electron configuration: (np)2TOTALml,1ml,2ms,1ms,2MLMSMJ+1+1+10000-1-1-1-10-1-1-1-1-1+1/2+1/2+1/2-1/2-1/2+1/2+1/2-1/2-1/2+1/2+1/2+1/2-1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2+1/2-1/2
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Symmetry and Group TheorySymmetryWhat features of symmetry and group theory can weput to use?1. Use to deduce linear combination of aos that havea given symmetry.2. Can deduce polarity of a molecule, i.e. is themolecule polar or nonpolar.3. Can pr
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh - CHM - 341
4. FLOW MEASUREMENT BY DRAG EFFECTSRotameters;Force Balance on the Bob;The Drag Force is Described by;Combining the above two, the velocity and flow rate are;where A is the annular area;
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh University ChE 202Work Plan QuestionsforGas Pressure Drop ExperimentPlease use the following data for your Work Plan calculations.Rotameter ConditionsPressure (psig)Rotameter Reading (scfm)6012Back Pressure GaugeBack Pressure Gauge Readi
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh University ChE 202Work Plan QuestionsforPRESSURE DROP IN PIPES, FITTINGS AND VALVES(Experiment #1)Please use the following data for your work plan calculations:For the 1-inch pipe Schd. 40:FlowPressure Drop= 81 liters/min= 29.5 in. of wat
Lehigh - CHM - 341
Lehigh University ChE 202Work Plan QuestionsforPUMP CHARACTERISTICS EXPERIMENT(Experiment #1)Please use the following Adata@ for your work plan calculations:Flow RatePMotor VoltsMotor Amps20 gpm40 psig2004.0Show sample calculations for effic
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #1. Due date: Friday, September 2, 2011http:/coursesite.lehigh.eduOn a single page, provide a type-written description of yourself (I was
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #2. Due date: Friday, September 9, 2011http:/ci.lehigh.eduProblem 1:20 pointsRead Module 1: Introduction to MATLAB which starts on page
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #3. Due date: Friday, September 16, 2011http:/ci.lehigh.eduProblem 1:30 pointsRead Module 2: Introduction to SIMULINK which starts on p
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #4. Due date: Friday, September 23, 2011http:/ci.lehigh.eduProblem 1:30 pointsRead Module 3: Ordinary Dierential Equations which starts
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #5. Due date: Friday, September 30, 2011http:/coursesite.lehigh.eduProblem 1:30 pointsRead Module 4 that begins on page 585 of the text
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #6. Due date: Friday, October 7, 2011http:/coursesite.lehigh.eduProblem 1:35 pointsRead Module 7: Biochemical Reactors which starts on
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #7. Due date: Friday, October 14, 2011http:/coursesite.lehigh.eduProblem 1:40 pointsRead Module 10: Surge Vessel Level Control which st
Lehigh - CHE - 242
CHE 242Fall 2011Introduction to Process Control and SimulationInstructor: Professor Mayuresh V. KothareHomework #8. Due date: Friday, October 21, 2011http:/coursesite.lehigh.eduProblem 1:30 pointsRead Module 15: Flow Control which starts on page 7