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FIVE CLASSES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Course: MCB MCB2010, Fall 2010School: Broward College
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FIVECLASSESOFIMMUNOGLOBULINS
IgA1015%ofcirculatingantibodies(inblood)butfoundinlargenumbersinmucous
membranesandbodysecretionssuchasmucus,saliva,tears,andbreastmilk.Consideringthe
bodyasawhole,IgAsarethemostabundantantibodies.Consideringonlytheblood(serum)
IgGsarethemostabundant.Whenfoundinserum,thisclassismostintheformofamonomer
andiscalledserumIgA.Insecretions,twomonomersarejoinedbyaJchainandthisformis
calledsecretoryIgA.Thisformisproducedbyplasmacellsinthemucousmembrane,andthen
passesthroughamucosalcellonitswaytobecomepartofthesecretion.Asitpassesthroughthe
mucosalcell,itacquiresapolypeptidecalledasecretorycomponentthatprotectsitfrom
enzymesthatmayalsobefoundinthesecretion.Functions:
Preventsattachmentofpathogenstothemucousmembranes(virusesandcertainbacteria)
Veryimportantinresistancetorespiratorypathogens.Unfortunately,IgAimmunityisshort
livedandthisiswhyourresistancetorespiratoryinfectionsisusuallynotlongterm.
Foundinlargenumbersincolostrumandfunctionsinpreventinggastrointestinalinfections
ininfants
-IgEthesealsoarefoundonlyintinytracesinserum(0.002%ofcirculatingantibodies).These
moleculesbindtightlybytheirFcregionstoreceptorsonthesurfaceofmastcellsandbasophils.
Thesearetheantibodiesresponsibleforallergicreactions,whichoftendomoreharmthangood.
WhenanantigenbindstoanIgEantibody,thiscausestheassociatedmastcellorbasophilto
releasehistamineandotherchemicals,whichproducessymptomsrangingfrommildhayfeverto
severe,fatalallergicreactions.Thistypeofreactioncanhelpprotectagainstparasiticworms.
Functions:
Beneficialwhenboundtoantigen,attractsIgGs,complement,andphagocytestocombat
parasites
Harmfulallergicreactionstosubstanceswhichotherwiseareharmlesstothebody
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